试图从第四版开始自学。Spring在行动。我正在构建一个web应用程序,使用书上的例子作为指南,并完成第5章。我使用Spring MVC有两个控制器和两个相应的测试。两个测试都通过了,但是当我在服务器(Tomcat 7.0)上运行应用程序时,它给出了一个基于ClinicalNoteRepository接口的UnsatisfiedDependencyException。当应用程序找不到ClinicalNoteControllerTest时,为什么这些测试——特别是ClinicalNoteControllerTest——会通过?
以下是控制台输出的摘录(由于字符限制,我无法完整发布):
临床笔记控制器测试:
package com.kwalker.practicewellness;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItems;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.data.ClinicalNoteRepository;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.domain.ClinicalNote;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.web.ClinicalNoteController;
public class ClinicalNoteControllerTest {
@Test
public void shouldShowRecentClinicalNotes() throws Exception {
List<ClinicalNote> expectedClinicalNotes = createClinicalNoteList(20);
ClinicalNoteRepository mockNoteRepository = mock(ClinicalNoteRepository.class);
when(mockNoteRepository.findClinicalNotes(Long.MAX_VALUE, 20)).thenReturn(expectedClinicalNotes);
ClinicalNoteController noteController = new ClinicalNoteController(mockNoteRepository);
MockMvc mockMvc = standaloneSetup(noteController).setSingleView(
new InternalResourceView("/WEB-INF/views/clinicalNotes.jsp")).build();
mockMvc.perform(get("/clinical-notes"))
.andExpect(view().name("clinical-notes"))
.andExpect(model().attributeExists("clinicalNoteList"))
.andExpect(model().attribute("clinicalNoteList", hasItems(expectedClinicalNotes.toArray())));
}
@Test
public void shouldShowPagedClinicalNotes() throws Exception {
List<ClinicalNote> expectedClinicalNotes = createClinicalNoteList(50);
ClinicalNoteRepository mockRepository = mock(ClinicalNoteRepository.class);
when(mockRepository.findClinicalNotes(238900, 50)).thenReturn(expectedClinicalNotes);
ClinicalNoteController noteController = new ClinicalNoteController(mockRepository);
MockMvc mockMvc = standaloneSetup(noteController).setSingleView(
new InternalResourceView("/WEB-INF/views/clinical-notes.jsp")).build();
mockMvc.perform(get("/clinical-notes?max=238900&count=50"))
.andExpect(view().name("clinical-notes"))
.andExpect(model().attributeExists("clinicalNoteList"))
.andExpect(model().attribute("clinicalNoteList", hasItems(expectedClinicalNotes.toArray())));
}
private List<ClinicalNote> createClinicalNoteList(int count) {
List<ClinicalNote> clinicalNotes = new ArrayList<ClinicalNote>();
for (int i=0; i < count; i++) {
clinicalNotes.add(new ClinicalNote("Note " + i, new Date()));
}
return clinicalNotes;
}
}
CLINICalNoteController类:
package com.kwalker.practicewellness.web;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.data.ClinicalNoteRepository;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.domain.ClinicalNote;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/clinical-notes")
public class ClinicalNoteController {
private static final String MAX_LONG_AS_STRING = "9223372036854775807";
private ClinicalNoteRepository noteRepository;
@Autowired
public ClinicalNoteController(ClinicalNoteRepository noteRepository) {
this.noteRepository = noteRepository;
}
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
public List<ClinicalNote> clinicalNotes(
@RequestParam(value="max", defaultValue=MAX_LONG_AS_STRING) long max,
@RequestParam(value="count", defaultValue="20") int count) {
return noteRepository.findClinicalNotes(max, count);
}
}
以下是临床笔记存储库界面:
package com.kwalker.practicewellness.data;
import java.util.List;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.domain.ClinicalNote;
public interface ClinicalNoteRepository {
List<ClinicalNote> findClinicalNotes(long maximumId, int count);
}
POM文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.kwalker</groupId>
<artifactId>practicewellness</artifactId>
<name>Practice Wellness</name>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java-version>1.7</java-version>
<org.springframework-version>4.1.4.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
<org.aspectj-version>1.6.10</org.aspectj-version>
<org.slf4j-version>1.6.6</org.slf4j-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
<exclusions>
<!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- AspectJ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.15</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
<artifactId>jms</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.sun.jdmk</groupId>
<artifactId>jmxtools</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.sun.jmx</groupId>
<artifactId>jmxri</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- @Inject -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
<version>1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>1.10.19</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Misc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.9</version>
<configuration>
<additionalProjectnatures>
<projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
</additionalProjectnatures>
<additionalBuildcommands>
<buildcommand>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</buildcommand>
</additionalBuildcommands>
<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
<downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>org.test.int1.Main</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
从这两行代码中可以看出:
ClinicalNoteRepository mockNoteRepository = mock(ClinicalNoteRepository.class);
ClinicalNoteController noteController = new ClinicalNoteController(mockNoteRepository);
...您的测试是单元测试,它们自己创建模拟存储库实例并使用这些模拟对象构造控制器。
在服务器上运行时,Spring配置用于确定框架需要管理哪些bean。因此,在您的情况下,您的配置可能存在问题。
在您提供的代码中,< code > clinical note repository 只是一个接口。必须有一个可以用作Spring Bean的接口实现。您没有向我们展示过这样的实现,所以可能只是因为您还没有编写这样的实现。这个规则的例外是如果您使用Spring Data,它提供了自己的实现。然而,在这种情况下,您的接口需要扩展< code>JpaRepository或其他Spring数据存储库接口之一。
请注意,您可以编写将导致加载Spring上下文的测试(从而测试您的配置)。为此,您需要将以下注释添加到测试类中:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MyAppConfiguration.class)
...假设你用的是Spring Boot。或者像这样的东西
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { MyConfiguration.class },
loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
…如果您有一个更传统的Spring应用程序,那么您可以将它指向一个或多个Java@Configuration
类(如上所述)或XML配置文件列表。
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