@WebMVCTest测试类中的UnsatisfiedDependencyException

Question

将@service添加到控制器后，单元测试失败。该项目是Spring-boot V2.0.1版本。我花了很多时间想找到答案，但没有成功。在我添加@service注释之前，测试工作正常，并且我的服务类在其中有一个存储库。

堆栈跟踪：

2018-04-24 12:57:12.487警告940--[main]O.s.w.cs.GenericWebApplicationContext：上下文初始化过程中遇到异常-取消刷新尝试：org.springframework.beans.factory.unsatisfieddependencyException：创建名为“fleet controller”的bean时出错：通过字段“service”表示的不满足的依赖关系；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.factory.nosuchbeandefinitionexception：没有“uk.co.vw.lead.service.contactusservice”类型的合格bean可用：应至少有一个合格的自带候选bean。依赖项注释：{@org.SpringFramework.Beans.Factory.Annotation.AutoWired(required=true)}

控制器：

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = VERSION, consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
public class FleetController {
public static final String VERSION = "1.0";

@Autowired
private ContactUsService service;

@InitBinder
public void initBinder(final WebDataBinder webDataBinder) {
    webDataBinder.registerCustomEditor(NatureOfEnquiryEnum.class, new  NatureOfEnquiryEnumConverter());
    webDataBinder.registerCustomEditor(FleetSizeEnum.class, new  FleetSizeEnumConverter());
}

@PostMapping(value = "/fleet/contact-us")
public ResponseEntity contactUs(@Valid ContactUsDTO formDTO) {
    service.createForm(formDTO);
    return new ResponseEntity(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
}

@PostMapping(value = "/fleet/request-demo")
public ResponseEntity requestDemo(@Valid RequestDemoDTO demoDTO) {



    return new ResponseEntity(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
}

服务：

@Service
public class ContactUsServiceImpl implements ContactUsService {

@Autowired
private FleetRepository repository;

@Override
public void createForm(ContactUsDTO formDTO) {
    ContactUsForm form = populateContactUsForm(formDTO);
    repository.save(form);
}

}

@RunWith(JUnitPlatform.class)
@WebMvcTest(FleetController.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
public class FleetControllerTest {

private final String CONTACT_US_URL = "/fleet/contact-us";

@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;

@MockBean
private FleetRepository repository;

@Autowired
private ContactUsService service;


@Test
public void contactUsSuccessTest() throws Exception {
    this.mockMvc.perform( post("/" + VERSION + CONTACT_US_URL)
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
                    .param("firstname", "John")
                    .param("lastname", "Doe")
                    .param("company", "Skynet")
                    .param("emailAddress", "[e-mail]")
                    .param("telephone", "020 8759 4294")
                    .param("natureOfEnquiry", "new")
                    .param("comments", "some comments")
                    .param("recaptchaResponse", "success"))
            .andExpect(status().isNoContent());
}

@Test
public void contactUsMissingRequiredFieldsTest() throws Exception {
    this.mockMvc.perform( post("/1.0/fleet/contact-us")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE))
            .andExpect(status().isBadRequest());
}

Answer 1

用@webmvctest注释的测试类是只关注Spring MVC组件：控制器的测试。

因此单元测试中声明的服务字段无法自动连线：

@Autowired
private ContactUsService service;

因此您还应该模拟这种依赖关系：

@MockBean
private ContactUsService service;

@MockBean
private FleetRepository repository;