Hibernate在使用Spring-Boot进行flyway迁移后无法验证内存中的h2数据库

Question

Hibernate无法验证由flyway迁移创建的数据库模式。(数据库迁移脚本是正确的)这是因为内存中的H2数据库吗？看起来hibernate和flyway连接到不同的数据库。

复制步骤:

用h2，flyway和jpa (hibernate)创建spring-boot项目。

应用属性：

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:flyway_db
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=validate
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.flyway.baseline-on-migrate=true
spring.flyway.url=jdbc:h2:mem:flyway_db

示例实体：

@Entity
@Table(name = "test_entity")
public class TestEntity {

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(final int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDesc(final String desc) {
        this.description = desc;
    }

    @Id
    private int id;
    private String description;
}

V1__init.sql脚本：

CREATE TABLE test_entity
(
    id INTEGER,
    description VARCHAR(255),
    PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

预期应用程序运行失败:完整日志:

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.6.6)

2022-05-20 12:53:54.920  INFO 10104 --- [           main] flyway_hibernate_h2.test.Application     : Starting Application using Java 11.0.15 on cfe484487b08d045fbee329048f51788 with PID 10104 (/home/gitrow/eclipse-workspace-new/spring.flyway_hibernate_h2.test/target/classes started by gitrow in /home/gitrow/eclipse-workspace-new/spring.flyway_hibernate_h2.test)
2022-05-20 12:53:54.926  INFO 10104 --- [           main] flyway_hibernate_h2.test.Application     : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2022-05-20 12:53:55.594  INFO 10104 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2022-05-20 12:53:55.613  INFO 10104 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 4 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2022-05-20 12:53:56.163  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.c.internal.license.VersionPrinter    : Flyway Community Edition 8.0.5 by Redgate
2022-05-20 12:53:56.164  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.c.i.database.base.BaseDatabaseType   : Database: jdbc:h2:mem:flyway_db (H2 1.4)
2022-05-20 12:53:56.241  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbValidate     : Successfully validated 1 migration (execution time 00:00.027s)
2022-05-20 12:53:56.263  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.c.i.s.JdbcTableSchemaHistory         : Creating Schema History table "PUBLIC"."flyway_schema_history" ...
2022-05-20 12:53:56.337  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate      : Current version of schema "PUBLIC": << Empty Schema >>
2022-05-20 12:53:56.344  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate      : Migrating schema "PUBLIC" to version "1 - init"
2022-05-20 12:53:56.381  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate      : Successfully applied 1 migration to schema "PUBLIC", now at version v1 (execution time 00:00.054s)
2022-05-20 12:53:56.517  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2022-05-20 12:53:56.558  INFO 10104 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.6.7.Final
2022-05-20 12:53:56.736  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.2.Final}
2022-05-20 12:53:56.832  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2022-05-20 12:53:56.854  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2022-05-20 12:53:56.874  INFO 10104 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
2022-05-20 12:53:57.385 ERROR 10104 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Failed to initialize JPA EntityManagerFactory: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
2022-05-20 12:53:57.386  WARN 10104 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
2022-05-20 12:53:57.386  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2022-05-20 12:53:57.393  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
2022-05-20 12:53:57.402  INFO 10104 --- [           main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2022-05-20 12:53:57.427 ERROR 10104 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1804) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:620) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1154) ~[spring-context-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:908) ~[spring-context-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:740) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:415) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1312) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1301) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at flyway_hibernate_h2.test.Application.main(Application.java:10) ~[classes/:na]
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:421) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:396) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:341) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1863) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    ... 15 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.validateTable(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:129) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.GroupedSchemaValidatorImpl.validateTables(GroupedSchemaValidatorImpl.java:42) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.performValidation(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:97) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.doValidation(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:76) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.performDatabaseAction(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:204) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.process(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:85) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:335) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:471) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1498) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:58) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:365) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:409) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    ... 19 common frames omitted

我尝试了：显式命名内存数据库，显式命名数据源和flyway的模式。

Answer 1

正如问题下面的注释所指出的，可以通过从属性文件中删除属性spring.flyway.url来解决问题。

如果未设置该属性，则Spring Boot将使用主＜code＞DataSource＜/code＞配置Flyway，如果存在，则使用＜code＞@FlywayDataSource注释的＜code＞数据源。属性＜code＞spring.flyway。url＜/code＞存在以使用具体的连接字符串覆盖此选择html" target="_blank">过程。相关代码可在FlywayAutoConfiguration类中找到。

在H2的特殊情况下，覆盖连接字符串会导致一个问题，即H2数据库在事务后不会保持打开状态，除非连接字符串包含告诉它这样做的标志。这解释了问题中的观察结果，即Flyway对一个数据库运行，该数据库随后被关闭，然后Hibernate连接到一个全新的H2实例。

这遵循了Spring Boot的通常模式及其自动配置哲学。自动配置旨在不干涉工作，仅由类路径上的东西触发。因此，对于它的许多特性，不需要属性或代码来启用它们。

与此同时，Spring Boot只能使用合理的默认值或启发式方法来确定在什么情况下应该配置什么自动配置。因此，Spring Boot带有扩展点和标志，如果自动配置没有做正确的事情，可以很容易地退出。属性spring.flyway.url就是这些标志之一。