使用Mockito在不接触数据库的情况下测试Spring-Boot存储库接口方法

Question

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
public class TransactionServiceTests {

    @Rule
    public MockitoRule mockitoRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();

    @Mock
    private MessagingService mockMessagingService;
    @Mock
    private CustomerRepository mockCustomerRepository;

    @Autowired
    TransactionService transactionService;

    @Test
    public void testTransactionBetweenCustomersAndBalanceOfReceiver() {

        int AMOUNT = 50;

        // prepare your test data unless you always expect those values to exist.
        Customer customerReceiver = new Customer();
        customerReceiver.setName("TestReceiver");
        customerReceiver.setBalance(12);
        mockCustomerRepository.save(customerReceiver);

        Customer customerSender = new Customer();
        customerSender.setName("TestSender");
        customerSender.setBalance(50);
        mockCustomerRepository.save(customerSender);

        int expectedReceiverAmount = customerReceiver.getBalance() + AMOUNT;
        int expectedSenderAmount = customerSender.getBalance() - AMOUNT;
        transactionService.makeTransactionFromSenderToReceiver(customerSender, customerReceiver, AMOUNT);

        assertEquals(expectedSenderAmount, customerSender.getBalance());
        assertEquals(expectedReceiverAmount, customerReceiver.getBalance());

    }
}

@Service
public class TransactionService {

    private MessagingService messagingService;
    private CustomerRepository customerRepository;

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TransactionService.class);

    @Autowired
    public TransactionService(MessagingService messagingService, CustomerRepository customerRepository){
        Assert.notNull(messagingService, "MessagingService cannot be null");
        this.messagingService = messagingService;
        Assert.notNull(customerRepository, "CustomerRepository cannot be null");
        this.customerRepository = customerRepository;
    }

    public void makeTransactionFromSenderToReceiver(Customer sender, Customer receiver, int amount) {

        if (sender.getBalance() >= amount) {
            sender.setBalance(sender.getBalance() - amount);
            receiver.setBalance(receiver.getBalance() + amount);

            customerRepository.save(sender);
            customerRepository.save(receiver);
        }

        else {    
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

“模拟”存储库方法调用。另外，对TransactionService使用@injectmocks代替@autowired。您还可以使用MockitoJunitRunner。如何模拟存储库调用：

when(customerRepository.save(sender)).thenReturn(someSenderInstance);

要验证是否调用了mocked方法调用，请使用：

verify(customerRepository, times(1)).save(sender);

还有，记住一件事：您正在测试服务！因此，所有对数据库的调用都应该被模仿。