Selenium木偶驱动程序UnreachableBrowserExc0019在第二次启动

Question

我目前正在玩Selenium木偶WebDriver。在我的应用程序中，我希望按顺序打开多个木偶驱动程序。基本上是这样的：

MarionetteDriver driver = new MarionetteDriver();
// do some stuff
driver.quit();

// a while later

driver = new MarionetteDriver();
// do some stuff
driver.quit();

现在我面临的问题是，只有第一个木偶实例可以成功启动，对于以后的每次尝试，我都会得到以下异常。问题每次都会发生，并且使用的端口总是发生变化，因此显然没有端口冲突。

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.remote.UnreachableBrowserException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure.
Build info: version: '2.48.2', revision: '41bccdd10cf2c0560f637404c2d96164b67d9d67', time: '2015-10-09 13:08:06'
System info: host: 'qqilihq.local', ip: '192.168.1.2', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.11.2', java.version: '1.7.0_71'
Driver info: driver.version: MarionetteDriver
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:641)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:247)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:232)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.MarionetteDriver.run(MarionetteDriver.java:84)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.MarionetteDriver.<init>(MarionetteDriver.java:73)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.MarionetteDriver.<init>(MarionetteDriver.java:45)
    at MyMainClass.main(MyMainClass.java:131)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException: Connect to localhost:41886 [localhost/127.0.0.1, localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1] failed: Connection refused
Build info: version: '2.48.2', revision: '41bccdd10cf2c0560f637404c2d96164b67d9d67', time: '2015-10-09 13:08:06'
System info: host: 'qqilihq.local', ip: '192.168.1.2', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.11.2', java.version: '1.7.0_71'
Driver info: driver.version: MarionetteDriver
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:91)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:620)
    ... 6 more
Caused by: org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException: Connect to localhost:41886 [localhost/127.0.0.1, localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1] failed: Connection refused
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.connect(DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.java:151)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.connect(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.java:353)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.establishRoute(MainClientExec.java:380)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.execute(MainClientExec.java:236)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.ProtocolExec.execute(ProtocolExec.java:184)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RetryExec.execute(RetryExec.java:88)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RedirectExec.execute(RedirectExec.java:110)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.InternalHttpClient.doExecute(InternalHttpClient.java:184)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:71)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:55)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.internal.ApacheHttpClient.fallBackExecute(ApacheHttpClient.java:143)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.internal.ApacheHttpClient.execute(ApacheHttpClient.java:89)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:142)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:82)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
    at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
    at org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory.connectSocket(PlainConnectionSocketFactory.java:74)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.connect(DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.    java:134)
    ... 20 more

感谢任何指点！

Answer 1

当Selenium找不到驱动程序所需的exe时，通常会发生UnreachableBrowserExc0019。由于您还没有设置驱动程序功能，我假设以下步骤将解决您的问题。

根据Mozilla的要求，MDN链接木偶被设置为所需的功能

DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
// Set Marionette on so the Grid will use this instead of normal FirefoxDriver
capabilities.setCapability("marionette", true);

WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(capabilities); 

此外，木偶可执行文件被添加到路径（在Windows中）：

将可执行文件添加到PATH

Selenium将尝试使用路径中的可执行文件。您需要使用以下命令将其添加到路径中。

最后，另一个SO问题，其中处理了UnreachableBrowserExcure问题。

Answer 2

您需要处理木偶所需的二进制文件。您可以手动完成（自行下载二进制文件并导出适当的变量），也可以使用WebDriverManager自动完成。只需添加以下依赖项：

<dependency>
   <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
   <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.0</version>
</dependency>

然后，在代码调用中：

FirefoxDriverManager.getInstance().setup();

Answer 3

在深入研究后，我得出了以下发现，最终解决了我的问题：

>

木偶<代码>导线使用两个端口（请参见导线--help）；木偶端口和网络驱动程序端口：

Usage:
    ./wires [OPTIONS]

WebDriver to marionette proxy.

optional arguments:
  -h,--help             show this help message and exit
  -b,--binary BINARY    Path to the Firefox binary
  --webdriver-host WEBDRIVER_HOST
                        Host to run webdriver server on
  --webdriver-port WEBDRIVER_PORT
                        Port to run webdriver on
  --marionette-port MARIONETTE_PORT
                        Port to run marionette on
  --connect-existing    Connect to an existing firefox process

当同时运行多个MarionetteDrivers时，两个端口必须明显不同于已运行的实例。但是，当使用默认构造函数时，new-marionetdriver（）木偶端口保持不变（并且不是基于某个自由端口确定的）。我们为geckodriverse服务使用了一些变通方法（见下文）。生成器始终选择两个随机选择的可用端口。

当前（版本2.48.2）geckodriverse有一个空的waitUntilavable（）（如果WebDriver准备就绪，应该检查它）。偶尔，这会导致上面发布的无法访问的浏览器异常。

为了规避这些问题，我们在最后做了这样的事情：

// determine free ports for Marionette and WebDriver
final int marionettePort = PortProber.findFreePort();
final int webDriverPort = PortProber.findFreePort();
// override, as GeckoDriverService provides no direct way to set the Marionette port
GeckoDriverService.Builder builder = new GeckoDriverService.Builder() {
    @Override
    protected ImmutableList<String> createArgs() {
        Builder<String> argsBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
        argsBuilder.addAll(super.createArgs());
        argsBuilder.add(String.format("--marionette-port=%d", marionettePort));
        return argsBuilder.build();
    }
};
builder.usingPort(webDriverPort);
builder.usingDriverExecutable(pathToDriver);
GeckoDriverService driverService = builder.build();
try {
    driverService.start();
} catch (IOException e) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Could not start the GeckoDriverService", e);
}
try {
    // keep checking the WebDriver port via Socket until it's available;
    // as far as I could tell, there is nothing more "high level", e.g. REST API
    waitUntilReady(webDriverPort, TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(30));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    // ignore
}
return new MarionetteDriver(driverService, capabilities);