无法在JDK7上运行Maven 3.6.3

Question

根据Maven的发布历史，应该可以在JDK7上运行Maven的任何最新版本（在编写本文时）。但是，当我在Ubuntu21.04机器上尝试这样做时，我得到了一个错误:java.lang.unsupportedClassVersionerror：com/google/inject/module：Unsupported Major.minor version 52.0。

即使在不包含任何Java文件或pom.xml文件的目录中运行mvn而没有任何参数时也会发生这种情况。

Maven信息：

└─❯ mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.6.3
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 1.7.0_80, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /home/jqno/.jabba/jdk/1.7.80-oracle/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.11.0-16-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

（我还安装了Zulu1.7.292和OpenJDK；那里的行为是相同的。）

└─❯ mvn clean
---------------------------------------------------
constituent[0]: file:/usr/share/maven/conf/logging/
constituent[1]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/commons-lang3.jar
constituent[2]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/sisu-plexus.jar
constituent[3]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-core-3.x.jar
constituent[4]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-shared-utils.jar
constituent[5]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/sisu-inject.jar
constituent[6]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/jansi.jar
constituent[7]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-component-annotations.jar
constituent[8]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-interpolation.jar
constituent[9]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-settings-builder-3.x.jar
constituent[10]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/aopalliance.jar
constituent[11]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/wagon-provider-api.jar
constituent[12]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/jsr250-api.jar
constituent[13]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/slf4j-api.jar
constituent[14]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-cipher.jar
constituent[15]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-slf4j-provider-3.x.jar
constituent[16]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-transport-wagon.jar
constituent[17]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/wagon-file.jar
constituent[18]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-sec-dispatcher.jar
constituent[19]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-provider-3.x.jar
constituent[20]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/jcl-over-slf4j.jar
constituent[21]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/wagon-http-shaded.jar
constituent[22]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-compat-3.x.jar
constituent[23]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/guice-no-aop.jar
constituent[24]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-artifact-3.x.jar
constituent[25]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/guava.jar
constituent[26]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-connector-basic.jar
constituent[27]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/commons-cli.jar
constituent[28]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-builder-support-3.x.jar
constituent[29]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-api.jar
constituent[30]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-utils.jar
constituent[31]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-settings-3.x.jar
constituent[32]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-util.jar
constituent[33]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-impl.jar
constituent[34]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/cdi-api.jar
constituent[35]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-spi.jar
constituent[36]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-embedder-3.x.jar
constituent[37]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-repository-metadata-3.x.jar
constituent[38]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/commons-io.jar
constituent[39]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-model-builder-3.x.jar
constituent[40]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-plugin-api-3.x.jar
constituent[41]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-model-3.x.jar
constituent[42]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/javax.inject.jar
---------------------------------------------------
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/google/inject/Module : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:800)
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:449)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:71)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClassFromSelf(ClassRealm.java:425)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy.loadClass(SelfFirstStrategy.java:42)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.unsynchronizedLoadClass(ClassRealm.java:271)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:247)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.realm.ClassRealm.loadClass(ClassRealm.java:239)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.container(MavenCli.java:636)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:282)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:193)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:347)

Answer 1

这里的问题是Ubuntu重新打包了Maven，结果导致了这个问题。

如这里所示，如果您通过以下途径检查版本：

mvn --version

Apache Maven 3.6.3
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 1.7.0_80, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /home/jqno/.jabba/jdk/1.7.80-oracle/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.11.0-16-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

这表明您使用的不是Apache Maven。

Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f)
Maven home: /Users/XXX/tools/maven
Java version: 1.7.0_302, vendor: Azul Systems, Inc., runtime: /Users/khmarbaise/.sdkman/candidates/java/7.0.302-zulu/zulu-7.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: en_GB, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.14.6", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"

Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f)

constituent[0]: file:/usr/share/maven/conf/logging/
constituent[1]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/commons-lang3.jar
constituent[2]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/sisu-plexus.jar
constituent[3]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-core-3.x.jar
constituent[4]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-shared-utils.jar
constituent[5]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/sisu-inject.jar
constituent[6]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/jansi.jar
constituent[7]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-component-annotations.jar
constituent[8]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-interpolation.jar
constituent[9]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-settings-builder-3.x.jar
constituent[10]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/aopalliance.jar
constituent[11]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/wagon-provider-api.jar
constituent[12]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/jsr250-api.jar
constituent[13]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/slf4j-api.jar
constituent[14]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-cipher.jar
constituent[15]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-slf4j-provider-3.x.jar
constituent[16]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-transport-wagon.jar
constituent[17]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/wagon-file.jar
constituent[18]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-sec-dispatcher.jar
constituent[19]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-provider-3.x.jar
constituent[20]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/jcl-over-slf4j.jar
constituent[21]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/wagon-http-shaded.jar
constituent[22]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-compat-3.x.jar
constituent[23]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/guice-no-aop.jar
constituent[24]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-artifact-3.x.jar
constituent[25]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/guava.jar
constituent[26]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-connector-basic.jar
constituent[27]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/commons-cli.jar
constituent[28]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-builder-support-3.x.jar
constituent[29]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-api.jar
constituent[30]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/plexus-utils.jar
constituent[31]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-settings-3.x.jar
constituent[32]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-util.jar
constituent[33]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-impl.jar
constituent[34]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/cdi-api.jar
constituent[35]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-resolver-spi.jar
constituent[36]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-embedder-3.x.jar
constituent[37]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-repository-metadata-3.x.jar
constituent[38]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/commons-io.jar
constituent[39]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-model-builder-3.x.jar
constituent[40]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-plugin-api-3.x.jar
constituent[41]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-model-3.x.jar
constituent[42]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/javax.inject.jar

constituent[3]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/maven-core-3.x.jar
..
constituent[25]: file:/usr/share/maven/lib/guice-no-aop.jar

如果查看原始的Apache Maven lib目录，文件如下所示：

javaee (master *)$ ls -la ~/tools/apache-maven-3.6.3/lib/
total 21000
drwxr-xr-x  65 khmarbaise  staff     2080 Nov  7  2019 .
drwxr-xr-x   9 khmarbaise  staff      288 Nov 21  2019 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    44908 Nov  7  2019 cdi-api-1.0.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 cdi-api.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    53820 Nov  7  2019 commons-cli-1.4.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 commons-cli.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   208700 Nov  7  2019 commons-io-2.5.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 commons-io.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   501879 Nov  7  2019 commons-lang3-3.8.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 commons-lang3.license
drwxr-xr-x   3 khmarbaise  staff       96 Nov  7  2019 ext
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff  2591373 Nov  7  2019 guava-25.1-android.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 guava.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   520662 Nov  7  2019 guice-4.2.1-no_aop.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 guice.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   283858 Nov  7  2019 jansi-1.17.1.jar
drwxr-xr-x  10 khmarbaise  staff      320 Nov  7  2019 jansi-native
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 jansi.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff     2497 Nov  7  2019 javax.inject-1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 javax.inject.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    16539 Nov  7  2019 jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.29.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 jcl-over-slf4j.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   397115 Nov  7  2019 jsoup-1.12.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff     1192 Nov  7  2019 jsoup.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff     5848 Nov  7  2019 jsr250-api-1.0.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    20545 Nov  7  2019 jsr250-api.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    57824 Nov  7  2019 maven-artifact-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    14262 Nov  7  2019 maven-builder-support-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   287955 Nov  7  2019 maven-compat-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   633028 Nov  7  2019 maven-core-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    98096 Nov  7  2019 maven-embedder-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   215412 Nov  7  2019 maven-model-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   192302 Nov  7  2019 maven-model-builder-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    47035 Nov  7  2019 maven-plugin-api-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    27158 Nov  7  2019 maven-repository-metadata-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   148983 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-api-1.4.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    44143 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-connector-basic-1.4.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   180696 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-impl-1.4.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    66242 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-provider-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    36732 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-spi-1.4.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    31013 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-transport-wagon-1.4.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   167529 Nov  7  2019 maven-resolver-util-1.4.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    44047 Nov  7  2019 maven-settings-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    42090 Nov  7  2019 maven-settings-builder-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   166562 Nov  7  2019 maven-shared-utils-3.2.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    23815 Nov  7  2019 maven-slf4j-provider-3.6.3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   379197 Nov  7  2019 org.eclipse.sisu.inject-0.3.4.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11530 Nov  7  2019 org.eclipse.sisu.inject.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   205323 Nov  7  2019 org.eclipse.sisu.plexus-0.3.4.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11530 Nov  7  2019 org.eclipse.sisu.plexus.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    13350 Nov  7  2019 plexus-cipher-1.7.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 plexus-cipher.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff     4225 Nov  7  2019 plexus-component-annotations-2.1.0.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 plexus-component-annotations.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    85327 Nov  7  2019 plexus-interpolation-1.25.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 plexus-interpolation.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    27703 Nov  7  2019 plexus-sec-dispatcher-1.4.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 plexus-sec-dispatcher.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   261801 Nov  7  2019 plexus-utils-3.2.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 plexus-utils.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    41424 Nov  7  2019 slf4j-api-1.7.29.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff     1224 Nov  7  2019 slf4j-api.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11586 Nov  7  2019 wagon-file-3.3.4.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff  2206349 Nov  7  2019 wagon-http-3.3.4-shaded.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    55776 Nov  7  2019 wagon-provider-api-3.3.4.jar

所有像maven-core..等文件都包含Maven(3.6.3)的版本号

-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff  2591373 Nov  7  2019 guava-25.1-android.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 guava.license
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff   520662 Nov  7  2019 guice-4.2.1-no_aop.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 khmarbaise  staff    11560 Nov  7  2019 guice.license

您可以看到，这与给定的输出特别不同，其中只有文件：/usr/share/maven/lib/guice-4.2.1-no_aop.jar，其他工件的版本号缺失。

另外，您还可以下载Apache Maven并将文件的校验和与您的decredo的校验和(/usr/share/Maven/lib/)进行检查，我敢打赌，所有文件都是不同的。

这个问题是基于distros的想法，它将应用程序（例如Maven）与它们系统上的依赖项重新打包，这实际上意味着您有不同版本的依赖项，这就导致了这样的问题。