在上下文管理器__enter __（）中捕获异常

Question

是否可以确保__exit__()即使有异常，也要调用该方法__enter__()？

>>> class TstContx(object):
...    def __enter__(self):
...        raise Exception('Oops in __enter__')
...
...    def __exit__(self, e_typ, e_val, trcbak):
...        print "This isn't running"
... 
>>> with TstContx():
...     pass
... 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in __enter__
Exception: Oops in __enter__
>>>

编辑

这是我所能接近的…

class TstContx(object):
    def __enter__(self):
        try:
            # __enter__ code
        except Exception as e
            self.init_exc = e

        return self

    def __exit__(self, e_typ, e_val, trcbak):
        if all((e_typ, e_val, trcbak)):
            raise e_typ, e_val, trcbak

        # __exit__ code


with TstContx() as tc:
    if hasattr(tc, 'init_exc'): raise tc.init_exc

    # code in context

事后看来，上下文管理器可能不是最佳的设计决策

Answer 1

像这样：

import sys

class Context(object):
    def __enter__(self):
        try:
            raise Exception("Oops in __enter__")
        except:
            # Swallow exception if __exit__ returns a True value
            if self.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()):
                pass
            else:
                raise


    def __exit__(self, e_typ, e_val, trcbak):
        print "Now it's running"


with Context():
    pass

为了使程序以一种愉快的方式继续运行而不执行上下文块，您需要检查上下文块内的上下文对象，并且仅在__enter__成功后才做重要的事情。

class Context(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.enter_ok = True

    def __enter__(self):
        try:
            raise Exception("Oops in __enter__")
        except:
            if self.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()):
                self.enter_ok = False
            else:
                raise
        return self

    def __exit__(self, e_typ, e_val, trcbak):
        print "Now this runs twice"
        return True


with Context() as c:
    if c.enter_ok:
        print "Only runs if enter succeeded"

print "Execution continues"

据我所知，您不能完全跳过with块。并请注意，此上下文现在吞没了其中的 所有
异常。如果您不希望吞下异常（如果__enter__成功），请签self.enter_ok入__exit__，return False如果是True。