Java为什么在其标识符中允许使用控制字符？

Question

在精确地探究Java标识符中允许使用哪些字符时，我偶然发现了一件非常奇怪的事情，以至于几乎可以肯定这是一个错误。

我预料地发现，Java标识符合他们开始与拥有的Unicode字符属性的要求ID_Start，并其次是与物业ID_Continue，以授予领先的下划线和美元符号例外。事实并非如此，我发现与我所听说的那种普通标识符或其他任何想法都存在极大差异。

简短演示

请考虑以下演示，证明Java标识符中允许使用ASCII ESC字符（八进制033）：

$ perl -le 'print qq(public class escape { public static void main(String argv[]) { String var_\033 = "i am escape: \033"; System.out.println(var_\033); }})' > escape.java
$ javac escape.java
$ java escape | cat -v
i am escape: ^[

但是，这甚至更糟。实际上，几乎无限恶化。甚至允许NULL！还有成千上万个甚至都不是标识符字符的代码点。我已经在Solaris，Linux和运行Darwin的Mac上进行了测试，所有结果均相同。

长演示

这是一个测试程序，它将显示Java完全允许的所有这些意外代码点，作为合法标识符名称的一部分。

#!/usr/bin/env perl
# 
# test-java-idchars - find which bogus code points Java allows in its identifiers
# 
#   usage: test-java-idchars [low high]
#   e.g.:  test-java-idchars 0 255
#
# Without arguments, tests Unicode code points
# from 0 .. 0x1000.  You may go further with a
# higher explicit argument.
#
# Produces a report at the end.
#
# You can ^C it prematurely to end the program then
# and get a report of its progress up to that point.
#
# Tom Christiansen
# [e-mail]
# Sat Jan 29 10:41:09 MST 2011

use strict;
use warnings;

use encoding "Latin1";
use open IO => ":utf8";

use charnames ();

$| = 1;

my @legal;

my ($start, $stop) = (0, 0x1000);

if (@ARGV != 0) {
    if (@ARGV == 1) {
        for (($stop) = @ARGV) { 
            $_ = oct if /^0/;   # support 0OCTAL, 0xHEX, 0bBINARY
        }
    }
    elsif (@ARGV == 2) {
        for (($start, $stop) = @ARGV) { 
            $_ = oct if /^0/;
        }
    } 
    else {
        die "usage: $0 [ [start] stop ]\n";
    } 
}

for my $cp ( $start .. $stop ) {
    my $char = chr($cp);

    next if $char =~ /[\s\w]/;

    my $type = "?";
    for ($char) {
        $type = "Letter"      if /\pL/;
        $type = "Mark"        if /\pM/;
        $type = "Number"      if /\pN/;
        $type = "Punctuation" if /\pP/;
        $type = "Symbol"      if /\pS/;
        $type = "Separator"   if /\pZ/;
        $type = "Control"     if /\pC/;
    } 
    my $name = $cp ? (charnames::viacode($cp) || "<missing>") : "NULL";
    next if $name eq "<missing>" && $cp > 0xFF;
    my $msg = sprintf("U+%04X %s", $cp, $name);
    print "testing \\p{$type} $msg...";
    open(TESTPROGRAM, ">:utf8", "testchar.java") || die $!;

print TESTPROGRAM <<"End_of_Java_Program";

public class testchar { 
    public static void main(String argv[]) { 
        String var_$char = "variable name ends in $msg";
        System.out.println(var_$char); 
    }
}

End_of_Java_Program

    close(TESTPROGRAM) || die $!;

    system q{
        ( javac -encoding UTF-8 testchar.java \
            && \
          java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 testchar | grep variable \
        ) >/dev/null 2>&1
    };

    push @legal, sprintf("U+%04X", $cp) if $? == 0;

    if ($? && $? < 128) {
        print "<interrupted>\n";
        exit;  # from a ^C
    }

    printf "is %s in Java identifiers.\n",  
        ($? == 0) ? uc "legal" : "forbidden";

}

END { 
    print "Legal but evil code points: @legal\n";
}

这是仅在前33个既不是空格也不是标识符字符的代码点上运行该程序的html" target="_blank">示例：

$ perl test-java-idchars 0 0x20
testing \p{Control} U+0000 NULL...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0001 START OF HEADING...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0002 START OF TEXT...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0003 END OF TEXT...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0004 END OF TRANSMISSION...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0005 ENQUIRY...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0006 ACKNOWLEDGE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0007 BELL...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0008 BACKSPACE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+000B LINE TABULATION...is forbidden in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+000E SHIFT OUT...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+000F SHIFT IN...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0010 DATA LINK ESCAPE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0011 DEVICE CONTROL ONE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0012 DEVICE CONTROL TWO...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0013 DEVICE CONTROL THREE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0014 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0015 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0016 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0017 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0018 CANCEL...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0019 END OF MEDIUM...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+001A SUBSTITUTE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+001B ESCAPE...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+001C INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR...is forbidden in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+001D INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE...is forbidden in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+001E INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO...is forbidden in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+001F INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE...is forbidden in Java identifiers.
Legal but evil code points: U+0000 U+0001 U+0002 U+0003 U+0004 U+0005 U+0006 U+0007 U+0008 U+000E U+000F U+0010 U+0011 U+0012 U+0013 U+0014 U+0015 U+0016 U+0017 U+0018 U+0019 U+001A U+001B

这是另一个演示：

$ perl test-java-idchars 0x600 0x700 | grep -i legal
testing \p{Control} U+0600 ARABIC NUMBER SIGN...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0601 ARABIC SIGN SANAH...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0602 ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+0603 ARABIC SIGN SAFHA...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
testing \p{Control} U+06DD ARABIC END OF AYAH...is LEGAL in Java identifiers.
Legal but evil code points: U+0600 U+0601 U+0602 U+0603 U+06DD

问题

任何人都可以解释这种看似疯狂的行为吗？从U +
0000开始，到处都有很多很多其他莫名其妙允许的代码点，这也许是最奇怪的。如果在前0x1000个代码点上运行它，则确实会看到某些模式，例如，使用属性允许任何和所有代码点Current_Symbol。但是，至少我完全无法解释太多其他情况。

Answer 1

在Java语言规范第3.8节推迟到Character.isJavaIdentifierStart（）和Character.isJavaIdentifierPart（）

。后者以及其他条件具有Character.isIdentifierIgnorable（），它允许使用非空白控制字符（包括整个C1范围，请参阅列表链接）。