如何创建异步堆栈跟踪？

呼延聪

2023-03-14

问题内容：

更新：Intellij IDEA的最新版本完全实现了我想要的功能。问题是如何在IDE外部实现此功能（以便我可以将异步堆栈跟踪信息转储到日志文件中），理想情况下无需使用检测代理。

自从我将应用程序从同步模型转换为异步模型以来，调试故障一直遇到问题。

当我使用同步API时，我总是在异常stacktraces中找到我的类，因此我知道从哪里开始寻找问题。使用异步API，我得到的堆栈跟踪既不引用我的类也不指示什么请求触发了失败。

我会给你一个具体的例子，但是我对这种问题的一般解决方案感兴趣。

具体例子

我使用Jersey发出HTTP请求：

new Client().target("http://test.com/").request().rx().get(JsonNode.class);

其中rx()表示请求应异步发生，返回a
CompletionStage<JsonNode>而不是JsonNode直接返回。如果此调用失败，则会得到以下堆栈跟踪：

javax.ws.rs.ForbiddenException: HTTP 403 Authentication Failed
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.convertToException(JerseyInvocation.java:1083)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.translate(JerseyInvocation.java:883)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.lambda$invoke$1(JerseyInvocation.java:767)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:316)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:298)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:229)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.process.internal.RequestScope.runInScope(RequestScope.java:414)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.invoke(JerseyInvocation.java:765)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation$Builder.method(JerseyInvocation.java:456)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyCompletionStageRxInvoker.lambda$method$1(JerseyCompletionStageRxInvoker.java:70)
    at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.run(CompletableFuture.java:1590)

注意：

stacktrace不引用用户代码。
异常消息不包含有关触发错误的HTTP请求的上下文信息（HTTP方法，URI等）。

结果，我无法将异常追溯到其源头。

为什么会这样

如果深入研究，您会发现Jersey正在调用：

CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> getSyncInvoker().method(name, entity, responseType))

用于rx()调用。因为供应商是由Jersey构造的，所以没有回溯到用户代码的引用。

我尝试过的

我尝试针对一个不相关的异步示例针对Jetty
提交错误报告，但后来出于安全原因被拒绝。

相反，我一直在添加上下文信息，如下所示：

makeHttpRequest().exceptionally(e ->
{
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
});

意思是，我exceptionally()在代码中的每个HTTP请求之后手动添加。Jersey抛出的所有异常都包装在引用我的代码的辅助异常中。生成的堆栈跟踪如下所示：

java.lang.RuntimeException: javax.ws.rs.ForbiddenException: HTTP 403 Authentication Failed
    at my.user.code.Testcase.lambda$null$1(Testcase.java:25)
    at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniExceptionally(CompletableFuture.java:870)
    ... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: javax.ws.rs.ForbiddenException: HTTP 403 Authentication Failed
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.convertToException(JerseyInvocation.java:1083)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.translate(JerseyInvocation.java:883)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.lambda$invoke$1(JerseyInvocation.java:767)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:316)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:298)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.Errors.process(Errors.java:229)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.process.internal.RequestScope.runInScope(RequestScope.java:414)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation.invoke(JerseyInvocation.java:765)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyInvocation$Builder.method(JerseyInvocation.java:456)
    at org.glassfish.jersey.client.JerseyCompletionStageRxInvoker.lambda$method$1(JerseyCompletionStageRxInvoker.java:70)
    at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.run(CompletableFuture.java:1590)
    ... 3 common frames omitted

我不喜欢这种方法，因为它容易出错并且会降低代码的可读性。如果我错误地忽略了某些HTTP请求，则会导致堆栈跟踪模糊，并花费大量时间对其进行跟踪。

此外，如果我想将此技巧隐藏在实用工具类的后面，那么我必须在CompletionStage;
之外实例化一个异常。否则，实用程序类将显示在堆栈跟踪中，而不是实际的调用站点。在a外部实例化异常的CompletionStage代价非常高昂，因为即使异步调用未抛出任何异常，该代码也会运行。

我的问题

是否有健壮，易于维护的方法将上下文信息添加到异步调用中？

或者，是否有一种有效的方法来在没有此上下文信息的情况下将堆栈跟踪追溯到其源头？

问题答案：

鉴于这个问题将近一个月没有收到任何答案，我将发布迄今为止找到的最佳解决方案：

DebugCompletableFuture.java ：

/**
 * A {@link CompletableFuture} that eases debugging.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of value returned by the future
 */
public final class DebugCompletableFuture<T> extends CompletableFuture<T>
{
    private static RunMode RUN_MODE = RunMode.DEBUG;
    private static final Set<String> CLASS_PREFIXES_TO_REMOVE = ImmutableSet.of(DebugCompletableFuture.class.getName(),
        CompletableFuture.class.getName(), ThreadPoolExecutor.class.getName());
    private static final Set<Class<? extends Throwable>> EXCEPTIONS_TO_UNWRAP = ImmutableSet.of(AsynchronousException.class,
        CompletionException.class, ExecutionException.class);
    private final CompletableFuture<T> delegate;
    private final AsynchronousException asyncStacktrace;

    /**
     * @param delegate the stage to delegate to
     * @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
     */
    private DebugCompletableFuture(CompletableFuture<T> delegate)
    {
        requireThat("delegate", delegate).isNotNull();
        this.delegate = delegate;
        this.asyncStacktrace = new AsynchronousException();
        delegate.whenComplete((value, exception) ->
        {
            if (exception == null)
            {
                super.complete(value);
                return;
            }
            exception = Exceptions.unwrap(exception, EXCEPTIONS_TO_UNWRAP);
            asyncStacktrace.initCause(exception);
            filterStacktrace(asyncStacktrace, element ->
            {
                String className = element.getClassName();
                for (String prefix : CLASS_PREFIXES_TO_REMOVE)
                    if (className.startsWith(prefix))
                        return true;
                return false;
            });
            Set<String> newMethods = getMethodsInStacktrace(asyncStacktrace);
            if (!newMethods.isEmpty())
            {
                Set<String> oldMethods = getMethodsInStacktrace(exception);
                newMethods.removeAll(oldMethods);
                if (!newMethods.isEmpty())
                {
                    // The async stacktrace introduces something new
                    super.completeExceptionally(asyncStacktrace);
                    return;
                }
            }
            super.completeExceptionally(exception);
        });
    }

    /**
     * @param exception an exception
     * @return the methods referenced by the stacktrace
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code exception} is null
     */
    private Set<String> getMethodsInStacktrace(Throwable exception)
    {
        requireThat("exception", exception).isNotNull();
        Set<String> result = new HashSet<>();
        for (StackTraceElement element : exception.getStackTrace())
            result.add(element.getClassName() + "." + element.getMethodName());
        for (Throwable suppressed : exception.getSuppressed())
            result.addAll(getMethodsInStacktrace(suppressed));
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @param <T2>     the type returned by the delegate
     * @param delegate the stage to delegate to
     * @return if {@code RUN_MODE == DEBUG} returns an instance that wraps {@code delegate}; otherwise, returns {@code delegate}
     * unchanged
     * @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
     */
    public static <T2> CompletableFuture<T2> wrap(CompletableFuture<T2> delegate)
    {
        if (RUN_MODE != RunMode.DEBUG)
            return delegate;
        return new DebugCompletableFuture<>(delegate);
    }

    /**
     * Removes stack trace elements that match a filter. The exception and its descendants are processed recursively.
     * <p>
     * This method can be used to remove lines that hold little value for the end user (such as the implementation of utility functions).
     *
     * @param exception     the exception to process
     * @param elementFilter returns true if the current stack trace element should be removed
     */
    private void filterStacktrace(Throwable exception, Predicate<StackTraceElement> elementFilter)
    {
        Throwable cause = exception.getCause();
        if (cause != null)
            filterStacktrace(cause, elementFilter);
        for (Throwable suppressed : exception.getSuppressed())
            filterStacktrace(suppressed, elementFilter);
        StackTraceElement[] elements = exception.getStackTrace();
        List<StackTraceElement> keep = new ArrayList<>(elements.length);
        for (StackTraceElement element : elements)
        {
            if (!elementFilter.test(element))
                keep.add(element);
        }
        exception.setStackTrace(keep.toArray(new StackTraceElement[0]));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApply(Function<? super T, ? extends U> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenApply(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends U> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenApplyAsync(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends U> fn, Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenApplyAsync(fn, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAccept(Consumer<? super T> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenAccept(action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenAcceptAsync(action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenAcceptAsync(action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRun(Runnable action)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenRun(action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenRunAsync(action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action, Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenRunAsync(action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public <U, V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombine(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
                                                   BiFunction<? super T, ? super U, ? extends V> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenCombine(other, fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U, V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
                                                        BiFunction<? super T, ? super U, ? extends V> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenCombineAsync(other, fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U, V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
                                                        BiFunction<? super T, ? super U, ? extends V> fn,
                                                        Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenCombineAsync(other, fn, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBoth(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
                                                      BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenAcceptBoth(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
                                                           BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenAcceptBothAsync(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
                                                           BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action,
                                                           Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenAcceptBothAsync(other, action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBoth(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
    {
        return wrap(super.runAfterBoth(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
    {
        return wrap(super.runAfterBothAsync(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action, Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.runAfterBothAsync(other, action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.applyToEither(other, fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.applyToEitherAsync(other, fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn,
                                                       Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.applyToEitherAsync(other, fn, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Consumer<? super T> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.acceptEither(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Consumer<? super T> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.acceptEitherAsync(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Consumer<? super T> action,
                                                     Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.acceptEitherAsync(other, action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEither(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
    {
        return wrap(super.runAfterEither(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
    {
        return wrap(super.runAfterEitherAsync(other, action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action, Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.runAfterEitherAsync(other, action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenCompose(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenCompose(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenComposeAsync(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn,
                                                     Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.thenComposeAsync(fn, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<T> exceptionally(Function<Throwable, ? extends T> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.exceptionally(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<T> whenComplete(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.whenComplete(action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action)
    {
        return wrap(super.whenCompleteAsync(action));
    }

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action,
                                                  Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.whenCompleteAsync(action, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handle(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.handle(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn)
    {
        return wrap(super.handleAsync(fn));
    }

    @Override
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn,
                                                Executor executor)
    {
        return wrap(super.handleAsync(fn, executor));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean complete(T value)
    {
        return delegate.complete(value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean completeExceptionally(Throwable ex)
    {
        return delegate.completeExceptionally(ex);
    }
}

RunMode.java ：

/**
 * Operational modes.
 */
public enum RunMode
{
    /**
     * Optimized for debugging problems (extra runtime checks, logging of the program state).
     */
    DEBUG,
    /**
     * Optimized for maximum performance.
     */
    RELEASE
}

AsynchronousException.java

/**
 * Thrown when an asynchronous operation fails. The stacktrace indicates who triggered the operation.
 */
public final class AsynchronousException extends RuntimeException
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;

    public AsynchronousException()
    {
    }
}

用法：

DebugCompletableFuture.wrap(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(this::expensiveOperation));

好处：您将获得相对干净的异步堆栈跟踪。

缺点：AsynchronousException每创造一个未来就建造一个新产品是非常昂贵的。具体来说，如果您生成大量的期货，这会在堆上生成大量垃圾，并且GC开销会变得明显。

我仍然希望有人会提出更好的方法。

如何创建异步堆栈跟踪？

具体例子

为什么会这样

我尝试过的

我的问题

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