Junit Maven构建错误（maven-surefire-plugin：2.19.1：test失败：分叉过程中存在错误）

Question

我通过参考链接创建了一个示例struts 2项目和J单元测试用例 。

以下是我的POM文件。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>au.com.woolworths</groupId>
  <artifactId>struts_junit</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>struts_junit Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
       <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
       <version>2.3.4</version>
      </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
       <artifactId>struts2-junit-plugin</artifactId>
       <version>2.3.4</version>
      </dependency>
     <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>struts_junit</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.6</source>
          <target>1.6</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
        <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
        <configuration>
        <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
             <pluginExecutions>
                <pluginExecution>
                    <pluginExecutionFilter>
                        <groupId>
                            org.apache.maven.plugins
                        </groupId>
                        <artifactId>
                            maven-toolchains-plugin
                        </artifactId>
                        <versionRange>
                            [1.1,)
                        </versionRange>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>toolchain</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </pluginExecutionFilter>
                    <action>
                        <ignore></ignore>
                    </action>
                </pluginExecution>
            </pluginExecutions>
          </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.19.1</version>
            <dependencies>
              <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId>
                <artifactId>surefire-junit47</artifactId>
                <version>2.19.1</version>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
                <artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
                <version>1.3</version>
              </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <configuration>
              <parallel>methods</parallel>
              <threadCount>10</threadCount>
              <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader>
            </configuration>
         </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

我能够在Eclipse中成功执行测试用例，但是在进行Maven构建期间，出现以下错误。

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------

Results :

Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 12.768 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-02-03T11:22:46+11:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/168M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test (default-test) on project struts_junit: Execution default-test of goal org.apach
e.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test failed: There was an error in the forked process
[ERROR] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runner/notification/RunListener
[ERROR] at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
[ERROR] at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763)
[ERROR] at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
[ERROR] at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
[ERROR] at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73)
[ERROR] at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
[ERROR] at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
[ERROR] at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
[ERROR] at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
[ERROR] at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
[ERROR] at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
[ERROR] at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
[ERROR] at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
[ERROR] at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2671)
[ERROR] at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:3075)
[ERROR] at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:1825)
[ERROR] at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.getConstructor(ReflectionUtils.java:79)
[ERROR] at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.instantiateOneArg(ReflectionUtils.java:130)
[ERROR] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.createProviderInCurrentClassloader(ForkedBooter.java:321)
[ERROR] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:290)
[ERROR] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:242)
[ERROR] at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:121)
[ERROR] Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runner.notification.RunListener
[ERROR] at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
[ERROR] at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
[ERROR] at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
[ERROR] at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
[ERROR] ... 22 more
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginExecutionException

有人可以建议我为什么会发生此错误以及如何解决此问题吗？

Answer 1

更新依赖项可以解决此问题-

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
</dependency>

至

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>

如Rundoc的Javadoc中所述，该类是在版本中引入的4.0。此外，请确保不会通过传递不同版本来解析同一工件。