Java 子类化Java Builder类

Question

给这篇Dobbs博士文章，尤其是Builder模式，我们如何处理将Builder子类化的情况？以该示例的简化版本为例，在该示例中我们想使用子类来添加GMO标签，一个简单的实现将是：

public class NutritionFacts {                                                                                                    

    private final int calories;                                                                                                  

    public static class Builder {                                                                                                
        private int calories = 0;                                                                                                

        public Builder() {}                                                                                                      

        public Builder calories(int val) { calories = val; return this; }                                                                                                                        

        public NutritionFacts build() { return new NutritionFacts(this); }                                                       
    }                                                                                                                            

    protected NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {                                                                                  
        calories = builder.calories;                                                                                             
    }                                                                                                                            
}

子类：

public class GMOFacts extends NutritionFacts {                                                                                   

    private final boolean hasGMO;                                                                                                

    public static class Builder extends NutritionFacts.Builder {                                                                 

        private boolean hasGMO = false;                                                                                          

        public Builder() {}                                                                                                      

        public Builder GMO(boolean val) { hasGMO = val; return this; }                                                           

        public GMOFacts build() { return new GMOFacts(this); }                                                                   
    }                                                                                                                            

    protected GMOFacts(Builder builder) {                                                                                        
        super(builder);                                                                                                          
        hasGMO = builder.hasGMO;                                                                                                 
    }                                                                                                                            
}

现在，我们可以编写如下代码：

GMOFacts.Builder b = new GMOFacts.Builder();
b.GMO(true).calories(100);

但是，如果我们弄错了订单，那么一切都会失败：

GMOFacts.Builder b = new GMOFacts.Builder();
b.calories(100).GMO(true);

问题当然是NutritionFacts.Builder返回a NutritionFacts.Builder，而不是a GMOFacts.Builder，那么我们该如何解决此问题，还是有更好的模式可供使用？

注意：这个类似问题的答案提供了我上面的课程；我的问题是关于确保构建器调用正确顺序的问题。

Answer 1

你可以使用泛型来解决它。我认为这称为“好奇地重复通用模式”

将基类构建器方法的返回类型设为通用参数。

public class NutritionFacts {

    private final int calories;

    public static class Builder<T extends Builder<T>> {

        private int calories = 0;

        public Builder() {}

        public T calories(int val) {
            calories = val;
            return (T) this;
        }

        public NutritionFacts build() { return new NutritionFacts(this); }
    }

    protected NutritionFacts(Builder<?> builder) {
        calories = builder.calories;
    }
}

现在使用派生的类构建器作为通用参数实例化基本构建器。

public class GMOFacts extends NutritionFacts {

    private final boolean hasGMO;

    public static class Builder extends NutritionFacts.Builder<Builder> {

        private boolean hasGMO = false;

        public Builder() {}

        public Builder GMO(boolean val) {
            hasGMO = val;
            return this;
        }

        public GMOFacts build() { return new GMOFacts(this); }
    }

    protected GMOFacts(Builder builder) {
        super(builder);
        hasGMO = builder.hasGMO;
    }
}