java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：org / springframework / core / env / ConfigurableEnvironment

Question

我正在尝试使用Spring Boot编写一个简单的RESTful服务。但是，有一条错误消息我无法解决。我一直在研究，看来这是SpringBoot版本之间的冲突，但是我不确定如何摆脱它。

我有这个SpringBootApp：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * REST Service application
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

与此pom.xml相关联：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.websystique.springmvc</groupId>
    <artifactId>Spring4MVCHelloWorldRestServiceDemo</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <name>Spring4MVCHelloWorldRestServiceDemo Maven Webapp</name>

    <properties>
        <springframework.version>4.3.0.RELEASE</springframework.version>
        <jackson.library>2.7.5</jackson.library>
        <spring.batch.version>2.1.9.RELEASE</spring.batch.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version> <!-- Or whatever JUnit you're using. -->
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.library}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.library}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-batch-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.batch.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.7</source>
                        <target>1.7</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
                        <warName>Spring4MVCHelloWorldRestServiceDemo</warName>
                        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>

        <finalName>Spring4MVCHelloWorldRestServiceDemo</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

对我来说看起来不错，但出现此错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/core/env/ConfigurableEnvironment
    at com.application.Application.main(Application.java:13)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
    ... 1 more

Answer 1

1. 转到Spring boot Initialzr站点，然后选择Web stack作为依赖项。
2. 由于Spring Boot使用Opinionised依赖项和BOM表的概念，它将自动提取其他依赖项并解决classNotFoundException问题。在你的情况下，它会错过Spring-core-4.2.4.RELEASE.jar依赖项。
3. 以全新安装spring-boot：run -e的身份执行Maven目标，你可以在IDE中找到你的maven依赖项，下面给出了一个示例POM文件。

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0     http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <packaging>war</packaging>

     <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

     <parent>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
     <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
     <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

    <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
       <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-       8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

 <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
     </dependency>

     <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
             <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
      < /dependency>
    </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>demo</finalName>
       <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </build>