无法添加外键约束-MySQL错误1215（HY000）

Question

我正在尝试为体育馆管理系统创建数据库，但无法弄清楚为什么会出现此错误。我试图在这里搜索答案，但找不到。

ERROR 1215 (HY000): Cannot add foreign key constraint

CREATE TABLE sales(
    saleId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    accountNo int(100) NOT NULL,
    payName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    nextPayment DATE,
    supplementName VARCHAR(250),
    qty int(11),
    workoutName VARCHAR(100),
    sDate datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    totalAmount DECIMAL(11,2) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(saleId, accountNo, payName),
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(accountNo) REFERENCES accounts(accountNo) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(payName) REFERENCES paymentFor(payName) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(supplementName) REFERENCES supplements(supplementName) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(workoutName) REFERENCES workouts(workoutName) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
);
    ALTER TABLE sales AUTO_INCREMENT = 2001;

这是父表。

CREATE TABLE accounts(
    accountNo int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    accountType VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    firstName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    lastName VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
    birthdate DATE NOT NULL,
    gender VARCHAR(7),
    city VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    street VARCHAR(50),
    cellPhone VARCHAR(10),
    emergencyPhone VARCHAR(10),
    email VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
    description VARCHAR(350),
    occupation VARCHAR(50),
    createdOn datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(accountNo)
);
    ALTER TABLE accounts AUTO_INCREMENT = 1001;


CREATE TABLE supplements(
    supplementId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    supplementName VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    manufacture VARCHAR(100),
    description VARCHAR(150),
    qtyOnHand INT(5),
    unitPrice DECIMAL(11,2),
    manufactureDate DATE,
    expirationDate DATE,
    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(supplementId, supplementName)
);
    ALTER TABLE supplements AUTO_INCREMENT = 3001;

CREATE TABLE workouts(
    workoutId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    workoutName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    description VARCHAR(7500) NOT NULL,
    duration VARCHAR(30),
    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(workoutId, workoutName)
);
    ALTER TABLE workouts AUTO_INCREMENT = 4001;



CREATE TABLE paymentFor(
    payId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    payName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    amount DECIMAL(11,2),
    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(payId, payName)
);
    ALTER TABLE paymentFor AUTO_INCREMENT = 5001;

你们能帮我解决这个问题吗？谢谢。

Answer 1

为了将字段定义为foreign key，引用的父字段必须在其上定义了索引。

根据有关foreign key约束的文档：

参考parent_tbl_name（index_col_name，…）

定义INDEX上workouts.workoutName，paymentFor.paymentName和supplements.supplementName分别。并确保子列定义必须与其父列定义匹配。

更改workouts表定义如下：

CREATE TABLE workouts(
    workoutId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    workoutName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    description VARCHAR(7500) NOT NULL,
    duration VARCHAR(30),

    KEY ( workoutName ), -- <---- this is newly added index key

    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(workoutId, workoutName)
);

更改supplements表定义如下：

CREATE TABLE supplements(
    supplementId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    supplementName VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    manufacture VARCHAR(100),
    description VARCHAR(150),
    qtyOnHand INT(5),
    unitPrice DECIMAL(11,2),
    manufactureDate DATE,
    expirationDate DATE,

    KEY ( supplementName ), -- <---- this is newly added index key

    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(supplementId, supplementName)
);

更改paymentFor表定义如下：

CREATE TABLE paymentFor(
    payId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    payName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    amount DECIMAL(11,2),

    KEY ( payName ), -- <---- this is newly added index key

    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(payId, payName)
);

现在，如下更改子表定义：

CREATE TABLE sales(
    saleId int(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    accountNo int(100) NOT NULL,
    payName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    nextPayment DATE,
    supplementName VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    qty int(11),
    workoutName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    sDate datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
    totalAmount DECIMAL(11,2) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY(saleId, accountNo, payName),
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(accountNo) 
       REFERENCES accounts(accountNo) 
       ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(payName) 
       REFERENCES paymentFor(payName) 
       ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(supplementName) 
       REFERENCES supplements(supplementName) 
       ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(workoutName) 
       REFERENCES workouts(workoutName) 
       ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
);

参考 ：

• MySQL使用FOREIGN KEY约束

[CONSTRAINT [符号]]外键
[index_name]（index_col_name，…）
参考tbl_name（index_col_name，…）
[ON DELETE reference_option]
[ON UPDATE reference_option]

reference_option：
RESTRICT | 级联| SET NULL | 不采取行动