使用json.dumps（）时出现UnicodeDecodeError

Question

我的python列表中有以下字符串（来自命令提示符）：

>>> o['records'][5790]
(5790, 'Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-\xe1M1-2-\xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ', 60,
 True, '40141613')
>>>

进一步将默认编码也更改为utf-16。但是仍然json.dumps()抛出异常如下：

>>> write(o)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "okapi_create_master.py", line 49, in write
    o = json.dumps(output)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\json\__init__.py", line 231, in dumps
    return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\json\encoder.py", line 201, in encode
    chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\json\encoder.py", line 264, in iterencode
    return _iterencode(o, 0)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xe1 in position 25: invalid
continuation byte

无法确定此类字符串需要哪种转换才能json.dumps()正常工作。

Answer 1

\xe1 无法使用utf-8，utf-16编码进行解码。

>>> '\xe1'.decode('utf-8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\lib\encodings\utf_8.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xe1 in position 0: unexpected end of data
>>> '\xe1'.decode('utf-16')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\lib\encodings\utf_16.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_16_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf16' codec can't decode byte 0xe1 in position 0: truncated data

尝试latin-1编码：

>>> record = (5790, 'Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-\xe1M1-2-\xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ',
...           60, True, '40141613')
>>> json.dumps(record, encoding='latin1')
'[5790, "Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-\\u00e1M1-2-\\u00e19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ", 60, true, "40141613"]'

或者，指定ensure_ascii=False，json.dumps以使其json.dumps不尝试解码字符串。

>>> json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False)
'[5790, "Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-\xe1M1-2-\xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ", 60, true, "40141613"]'