忽略序列化为JSON时引发异常的类成员

Question

我正在使用Newtonsoft JSON序列化程序，它适用于大多数对象。

不幸的是，JsonSerializationException当我尝试序列化一个大对象时，我得到了一个，其中一个成员抛出NullReferenceException。

无论如何，有没有要忽略有问题的成员并序列化对象的其余部分？

我在想JsonSerializerSettings吗？

这是我想要做的简化版本：

private class TestExceptionThrowingClass
{
    public string Name { get { return "The Name"; } }
    public string Address { get { throw new NullReferenceException(); } }
    public int Age { get { return 30; } }
}

[Test]
public void CanSerializeAClassWithAnExceptionThrowingMember()
{ 
    // Arrange
    var toSerialize = new TestExceptionThrowingClass();

    // Act

    var serializerSettings = new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings();
    serializerSettings.MaxDepth = 5;
    serializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;
    serializerSettings.MissingMemberHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.MissingMemberHandling.Ignore;
    serializerSettings.NullValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.NullValueHandling.Ignore;
    serializerSettings.ObjectCreationHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ObjectCreationHandling.Reuse;
    serializerSettings.DefaultValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.DefaultValueHandling.Ignore;

    var result = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(toSerialize);

    // Assert
    Assert.That(result, Is.EqualTo(@"{""Name"":""The Name"",""Age"":30}"));
}

这是堆栈跟踪：

at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.DynamicValueProvider.GetValue(Object target) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.CalculatePropertyValues(JsonWriter writer, Object value, JsonContainerContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonProperty property, JsonContract& memberContract, Object& memberValue) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.SerializeObject(JsonWriter writer, Object value, JsonObjectContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.SerializeValue(JsonWriter writer, Object value, JsonContract valueContract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract containerContract, JsonProperty containerProperty) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.Serialize(JsonWriter jsonWriter, Object value, Type objectType) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.SerializeInternal(JsonWriter jsonWriter, Object value, Type objectType) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(Object value, Type type, Formatting formatting, JsonSerializerSettings settings) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(Object value) 
at AspectsProject.Aspects.CachingPolicy.CachingPolicyCacheKeyCreatorTests.CanSerializeAClassWithAnExceptionThrowingMember() in D:\Dev\test.cs:line 169
    --NullReferenceException 
at AspectsProject.Aspects.CachingPolicy.CachingPolicyCacheKeyCreatorTests.TestExceptionThrowingClass.get_Address() in D:\Dev\test.cs:line 149 
at GetAddress(Object ) 
at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.DynamicValueProvider.GetValue(Object target)

如果有人知道可以执行此操作，我很乐意使用其他JSON序列化程序。

Answer 1

如果您不控制源代码，则可以ContractResolver在序列化过程中使用自定义为有问题的属性注入“
ShouldSerialize”方法。您可以使该方法始终返回false，或者可以选择实现一些逻辑，该逻辑将检测属性将仅在这种情况下抛出并返回false的情况。

例如，假设您的类如下所示：

class Problematic
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public object Offender 
    {
        get { throw new NullReferenceException(); }
    }
}

显然，如果我们尝试序列化上述内容，它将无法正常工作，因为Offender当序列化程序尝试访问该属性时，该属性始终会引发异常。由于我们知道引起问题的类和属性名称，因此我们可以编写一个自定义ContractResolver（派生自DefaultContractResolver）来抑制该特定成员的序列化。

class CustomResolver : DefaultContractResolver
{
    protected override JsonProperty CreateProperty(MemberInfo member, 
                                        MemberSerialization memberSerialization)
    {
        JsonProperty property = base.CreateProperty(member, memberSerialization);

        if (property.DeclaringType == typeof(Problematic) && 
            property.PropertyName == "Offender")
        {
            property.ShouldSerialize = instanceOfProblematic => false;
        }

        return property;
    }
}

这是演示如何使用它的演示：

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Problematic obj = new Problematic
        {
            Id = 1,
            Name = "Foo"
        };

        JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
        settings.ContractResolver = new CustomResolver();

        string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, settings);
        Console.WriteLine(json);
    }
}

输出：

{"Id":1,"Name":"Foo"}

更通用的解决方案

在您的评论中，您指出了当访问任何属性时，您可能会抛出多种异常的对象。为此，我们需要更通用的东西。这是一个可能适用于这种情况的解析器，但是您需要在自己的环境中进行广泛的测试。它不依赖于任何特定的类或属性名称，而是为
每个 以其方式出现的属性创建ShouldSerialize谓词。在该谓词中，它使用反射来获取try /
catch内的属性的值。如果成功，则返回true，否则返回false。

class CustomResolver : DefaultContractResolver
{
    protected override JsonProperty CreateProperty(MemberInfo member, MemberSerialization memberSerialization)
    {
        JsonProperty property = base.CreateProperty(member, memberSerialization);

        property.ShouldSerialize = instance =>
        {
            try
            {
                PropertyInfo prop = (PropertyInfo)member;
                if (prop.CanRead)
                {
                    prop.GetValue(instance, null);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            catch
            {
            }
            return false;
        };

        return property;
    }
}

这是一个演示：

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<MightThrow> list = new List<MightThrow>
        {
            new MightThrow { Flags = ThrowFlags.None, Name = "none throw" },
            new MightThrow { Flags = ThrowFlags.A, Name = "A throws" },
            new MightThrow { Flags = ThrowFlags.B, Name = "B throws" },
            new MightThrow { Flags = ThrowFlags.Both, Name = "both throw" },
        };

        JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
        settings.ContractResolver = new CustomResolver();
        settings.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;

        string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list, settings);
        Console.WriteLine(json);
    }
}

[Flags]
enum ThrowFlags
{
    None = 0,
    A = 1,
    B = 2,
    Both = 3
}

class MightThrow
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public ThrowFlags Flags { get; set; }

    public string A
    {
        get
        {
            if ((Flags & ThrowFlags.A) == ThrowFlags.A)
                throw new Exception();
            return "a";
        }
    }

    public string B
    {
        get
        {
            if ((Flags & ThrowFlags.B) == ThrowFlags.B)
                throw new Exception();
            return "b";
        }
    }
}

输出：

[
  {
    "Name": "none throw",
    "Flags": 0,
    "A": "a",
    "B": "b"
  },
  {
    "Name": "A throws",
    "Flags": 1,
    "B": "b"
  },
  {
    "Name": "B throws",
    "Flags": 2,
    "A": "a"
  },
  {
    "Name": "both throw",
    "Flags": 3
  }
]