Django ModelForm用于多对多字段

Question

考虑以下模型和形式：

class Pizza(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

class Topping(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    ison = models.ManyToManyField(Pizza, blank=True)

class ToppingForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topping

当你查看ToppingForm时，它使你可以选择浇头所用的披萨，而一切都太花哨了。

我的问题是：如何为披萨定义一个ModelForm，让我利用披萨和馅料之间的多对多关系，并让我选择披萨上的馅料？

Answer 1

我想你会在这里新添加ModelMultipleChoiceField到你PizzaForm，并手动链接，表单字段与模型领域，如Django会不会为你做自动。

以下代码段可能会有所帮助：

class PizzaForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Pizza

    # Representing the many to many related field in Pizza
    toppings = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Topping.objects.all())

    # Overriding __init__ here allows us to provide initial
    # data for 'toppings' field
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Only in case we build the form from an instance
        # (otherwise, 'toppings' list should be empty)
        if kwargs.get('instance'):
            # We get the 'initial' keyword argument or initialize it
            # as a dict if it didn't exist.                
            initial = kwargs.setdefault('initial', {})
            # The widget for a ModelMultipleChoiceField expects
            # a list of primary key for the selected data.
            initial['toppings'] = [t.pk for t in kwargs['instance'].topping_set.all()]

        forms.ModelForm.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    # Overriding save allows us to process the value of 'toppings' field    
    def save(self, commit=True):
        # Get the unsave Pizza instance
        instance = forms.ModelForm.save(self, False)

        # Prepare a 'save_m2m' method for the form,
        old_save_m2m = self.save_m2m
        def save_m2m():
           old_save_m2m()
           # This is where we actually link the pizza with toppings
           instance.topping_set.clear()
           instance.topping_set.add(*self.cleaned_data['toppings'])
        self.save_m2m = save_m2m

        # Do we need to save all changes now?
        if commit:
            instance.save()
            self.save_m2m()

        return instance

这PizzaForm然后可以使用无处不在，甚至在admin：

# yourapp/admin.py
from django.contrib.admin import site, ModelAdmin
from yourapp.models import Pizza
from yourapp.forms import PizzaForm

class PizzaAdmin(ModelAdmin):
  form = PizzaForm

site.register(Pizza, PizzaAdmin)

注意

该save()方法可能有点过于冗长，但是如果你不需要支持这种commit=False情况，则可以将其简化，如下所示：

def save(self):
  instance = forms.ModelForm.save(self)
  instance.topping_set.clear()
  instance.topping_set.add(*self.cleaned_data['toppings'])
  return instance