为什么我的查询返回的结果很多？

Question

我有一堆应聘者，他们有一些或多个工作，每个人都在公司工作，并且使用了一些技能。

坏的ascii艺术如下：

         ---------------                              ---------------   
         | candidate 1 |                              | candidate 2 |
         --------------- \                             --------------      
           /              \                                 |
       -------              --------                        etc
       |job 1|              | job 2 |  
       -------              ---------  
        /     \              /      \  
  ---------   ---------  ---------   --------  
  |company |  | skills | |company | | skills |  
  ---------   ---------  ---------- ----------

这是我的数据库：

mysql> describe jobs;
+--------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| job_id       | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| candidate_id | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| company_id   | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| start_date   | date    | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| end_date     | date    | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+--------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

。

mysql> describe candidates;
+----------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field          | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| candidate_id   | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| candidate_name | char(50) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| home_city      | char(50) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+----------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

。

mysql> describe companies;
+-------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field             | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| company_id        | int(11)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| company_name      | char(50)      | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| company_city      | char(50)      | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| company_post_code | char(50)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| latitude          | decimal(11,8) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| longitude         | decimal(11,8) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

。

mysql> describe skills;
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| skill_id | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |       |
| job_id   | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+

。

mysql> describe skill_names;
+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| skill_id   | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| skill_name | char(32) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

这是我对查询的尝试（请注意，我打算将通配符更改为字段名称；我只是想使某些功能生效）：

SELECT can.* , co.*, j.*, sn.*
FROM candidates AS can
JOIN jobs AS j 
JOIN companies AS co ON j.company_id = co.company_id
JOIN skills AS s ON s.job_id = j.job_id
JOIN skill_names AS sn ON s.skill_id = s.skill_id

HediSql说 /* Affected rows: 0 Found rows: 34,461,651 Warnings: 0 Duration for 1 query: 0.000 sec. (+ 105.078 sec. network) */

查询出了什么问题？我希望从不良的ascii艺术中可以清楚地知道我要达到的目标。

（此外，它对我连接表的顺序是否有任何速度差异？我将担心新的MySql v8函数会在以后将其作为嵌套JSON进行检索）

Answer 1

您缺少candidates和之间jobs的联接条件，因此在两个表之间都得到了笛卡尔积。另外，在上的连接条件也存在问题skill_names，其中两列都相同（这再次生成笛卡尔积）。

SELECT can.* , co.*, j.*, sn.*
FROM candidates AS can
JOIN jobs AS j ON j.candidate_id = can.candidate_id --> here: missing join condition
JOIN companies AS co ON j.company_id = co.company_id
JOIN skills AS s ON s.job_id = j.job_id
JOIN skill_names AS sn ON sn.skill_id = s.skill_id  --> and here: wrong join condition

许多RDBMS都会在JOIN不带ON子句的a上引发语法错误（如果您确实想要笛卡尔乘积，则需要使用来明确指出它CROSS JOIN），但是，可惜的是，不是MySQL。

当涉及到这个问题时：

加入表的顺序对速度有什么影响？

否。只要您使用inner joins（而不是left joins），连接顺序就对查询计划程序无关紧要，查询计划程序将按认为效率更高的顺序重新排列它们。