dmidecode命令
柳胜
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/carefree2005/article/details/112446558
一、dmidecode命令简介
- dmidecode命令可以让你在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。dmidecode的作用是将DMI数据库中的信息解码，以可读的文本方式显示。由于DMI信息可以人为修改，因此里面的信息不一定是系统准确的信息。dmidecode遵循SMBIOS/DMI标准，其输出的信息包括BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。
- DMI（Desktop Management Interface,DMI）就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统，DMI信息的收集必须在严格遵照SMBIOS规范的前提下进行。SMBIOS（System Management BIOS）是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。SMBIOS和DMI是由行业指导机构Desktop Management Task Force(DMTF)起草的开放性的技术标准，其中DMI设计适用于任何的平台和操作系统。
- DMI充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI的主要组成部分是Management Information Format(MIF)数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过DMI，用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。
二、命令语法及参数选项说明
1、语法
$ dmidecode [OPTIONS]
命令：
dmidecode --help
输出：
Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS]
Options are:
-d, --dev-mem FILE Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem)
-h, --help Display this help text and exit
-q, --quiet Less verbose output
-s, --string KEYWORD Only display the value of the given DMI string
-t, --type TYPE Only display the entries of given type
-H, --handle HANDLE Only display the entry of given handle
-u, --dump Do not decode the entries
--dump-bin FILE Dump the DMI data to a binary file
--from-dump FILE Read the DMI data from a binary file
--no-sysfs Do not attempt to read DMI data from sysfs files
--oem-string N Only display the value of the given OEM string
-V, --version Display the version and exit
2、参数选项说明
-d：(default:/dev/mem)从设备文件读取信息，输出内容与不加参数标准输出相同。
-h：显示帮助信息。
-q：概要输出
-s：只显示指定DMI字符串的信息。(string)
-t：只显示指定条目的信息。(type)
-H：仅显示给定句柄的条目
-u：显示未解码的原始条目内容。 –dump-bin file：将DMI数据转储到一个二进制文件中。 –from-dump FILE：从一个二进制文件读取DMI数据。 –no sysfs：不尝试从sysfs文件读取DMI数据 –oem-string
N：仅显示给定oem字符串的值
-V：显示版本信息。
三、使用示例
1、查看主板信息
命令：
dmidecode -t 2
输出：
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.2.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: H3C #厂号
Product Name: TC1-TRMB-A #产品型号
Version: MBD3N43200D00001 #版本
Serial Number: MBDHC2231711201A #主板序列
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Features:
Board is a hosting board
Board is replaceable
Location In Chassis: Part Component
Chassis Handle: 0x0003
Type: Motherboard
Contained Object Handles: 0
2、查看内存信息
可以看到内存条的数量为32条，支持的最大内存为12TB。
命令：
dmidecode -t 16
输出：
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.2.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
Handle 0x0054, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 12 TB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 32
3、查看当前内存数、大小和插槽数
输出结果可以看到，这里只显示插了一半的32GB的内存条。一共32内存插条。（服务器）
命令：
dmidecode|grep -P -A5 "Memory Device" |grep Size
输出：
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
4、查看详细信息
输出结果可以看到两个插槽一组，只有其中一个插了内存条的插槽可以读取到信息。
命令：
dmidecode -t 17
输出：
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.2.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
Handle 0x0055, DMI type 17, 92 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0054
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 32 GB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM000
Bank Locator: NODE 0
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Manufacturer: Micron
Serial Number: S802C0F2139317D513E
Asset Tag: 0F2139
Part Number: 18ASF4G72PDZ-3G2E1
Rank: 2
Configured Memory Speed: 3200 MT/s
Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V
Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V
Configured Voltage: 1.2 V
Memory Technology: DRAM
Memory Operating Mode Capability: Volatile memory
Firmware Version: 0000
Module Manufacturer ID: Bank 1, Hex 0x2C
Module Product ID: Unknown
Memory Subsystem Controller Manufacturer ID: Unknown
Memory Subsystem Controller Product ID: Unknown
Non-Volatile Size: None
Volatile Size: 32 GB
Cache Size: None
Logical Size: None
Handle 0x0056, DMI type 17, 92 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0054
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM001
Bank Locator: NODE 0
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: NO DIMM
Serial Number: NO DIMM
Asset Tag: NO DIMM
Part Number: NO DIMM
Rank: Unknown
Configured Memory Speed: Unknown
Minimum Voltage: Unknown
Maximum Voltage: Unknown
Configured Voltage: Unknown
Memory Technology: Unknown
Memory Operating Mode Capability: None
Firmware Version: NO DIMM
Module Manufacturer ID: Unknown
Module Product ID: Unknown
Memory Subsystem Controller Manufacturer ID: Unknown
Memory Subsystem Controller Product ID: Unknown
Non-Volatile Size: None
Volatile Size: None
Cache Size: None
Logical Size: None
...
...
...
5、查看CPU信息
命令：
dmidecode -t 4
输出：
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.2.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
Handle 0x008A, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU0
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
ID: A6 06 06 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 106, Stepping 6
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8372C CPU @ 3.20GHz
Voltage: 1.6 V
External Clock: 100 MHz
Max Speed: 3500 MHz
Current Speed: 3200 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: <OUT OF SPEC>
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0087
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0088
L3 Cache Handle: 0x0089
Serial Number: 49076C02C93610EF
Asset Tag: UNKNOWN
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 28
Core Enabled: 28
Thread Count: 56
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Multi-Core
Hardware Thread
Execute Protection
Enhanced Virtualization
Power/Performance Control
Handle 0x008E, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
ID: A6 06 06 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 106, Stepping 6
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8372C CPU @ 3.20GHz
Voltage: 1.6 V
External Clock: 100 MHz
Max Speed: 3500 MHz
Current Speed: 3200 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: <OUT OF SPEC>
L1 Cache Handle: 0x008B
L2 Cache Handle: 0x008C
L3 Cache Handle: 0x008D
Serial Number: 499F7302D55B8BBE
Asset Tag: UNKNOWN
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 28
Core Enabled: 28
Thread Count: 56
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Multi-Core
Hardware Thread
Execute Protection
Enhanced Virtualization
Power/Performance Control
6、查看内存速率
命令：
dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'
输出：
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
Speed: 3200 MT/s
Speed: Unknown
7、查看支持的最大内存
命令：
dmidecode|grep -P ‘Maximum\s+Capacity’
输出：
Maximum Capacity: 12 TB
8、查看bios信息
命令：
dmidecode -t bios
输出：
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.2.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 26 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 1.05.00
Release Date: 01/10/2022
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 32 MB
Characteristics:
PCI is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
BIOS ROM is socketed
EDD is supported
Japanese floppy for NEC 9800 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
UEFI is supported
BIOS Revision: 5.22
Handle 0x010E, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
Language Description Format: Long
Installable Languages: 2
en|US|iso8859-1
zh|CN|unicode
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1
9、查看bios版本
命令：
dmidecode -s bios-version
输出：
1.05.00
四、dmidecode参数string及type列表
1、Valid string关键字
0、bios-vendor
1、bios-version
2、bios-release-date
3、system-manufacturer
4、system-product-name
5、 system-version
6、 system-serial-number
7、 system-uuid
8、baseboard-manufacturer
9、baseboard-product-name
10、baseboard-version
11 、baseboard-serial-number
12 、baseboard-asset-tag
13 、chassis-manufacturer
14、chassis-type
15、chassis-version
16、chassis-serial-number
17、chassis-asset-tag
18、processor-family
19、processor-manufacturer
20、processor-version
21、 processor-frequency
2、Valid type关键字
0、 bios
1、 system
2、baseboard
3、chassis
4、processor
5、 memory
6、 Cache
7、connector
8、 slot
3、type全部编码列表
查询命令可简化为：
$ dmidecode -t [num]
num的取值代表的含义如下表所示：
0、 BIOS
1、System
2、 Base Board
3、Chassis
4、 Processor
5、 Memory Controller
6、Memory Module
7、Cache
8、Port Connector
9、System Slots
10、On Board Devices
11、 OEM Strings
12、System Configuration Options
13 、BIOS Language
14、 Group Associations
15 、System Event Log
16、Physical Memory Array
17、 Memory Device
18 、32-bit Memory Error
19、 Memory Array Mapped Address
20、 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 、Built-in Pointing Device
22 、Portable Battery
23、 System Reset
24、 Hardware Security
25 、System Power Controls
26 、Voltage Probe
27 、Cooling Device
28、 Temperature Probe
29、Electrical Current Probe
30、 Out-of-band Remote Access
31、 Boot Integrity Services
32、 System Boot
33、64-bit Memory Error
34、 Management Device
35、Management Device Component
36、 Management Device Threshold Data
37、 Memory Channel
38、 IPMI Device
39、Power Supply
40、 Additional Information
41、Onboard Device
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