conda命令说明

酆茂才

2023-12-01

参考：

1. 利用conda升级Anaconda及其包

以管理员身份启动Anaconda Prompt：
升级conda(升级Anaconda前需要先升级conda)：conda update conda
升级anaconda：conda update anaconda
升级最新版本的anaconda-navigator：conda update anaconda-navigator
升级spyder：conda update spyder
更新所有包：conda update --all // 安装完成后，可以对所有工具包进行升级，在命令行执行“conda upgrade --all”，询问是否安装升级版本时，输入y
update conda by running：conda update -n base -c defaults conda
安装包：conda install package
更新包：conda update package

2. conda环境使用基本命令

conda env list 显示所有的环境
conda info 显示当前安装的conda信息
conda info --envs 或 conda info -e 显示所有运行环境，其中带有*的是现激活的环境

conda create --name <env_name> 创建新环境
conda create --name your_env_name python=3.7 numpy scipy // 创建名为your_env_name的环境(指定python3.7，包换numpy, scipy)
conda create --name testpy2 python=2.7 pandas 创建名为testpy2的运行环境，并安装pandas包及其依赖包
conda create --name testpy36 python=3.6 anaconda 创建名为testpy36的运行环境，并安装anaconda集合包（conda默认环境）
conda create --name xxxx python=3.5 //创建python3.5的xxxx虚拟环境
conda create --name new_env_name --clone old_env_name // 复制old_env_name，新环境名为new_env_name

conda env remove --name <env_name> // 删除环境
conda remove --name your_env_name --all //删除虚拟环境

source activate your_env_name # for Mac & Linux，激活环境
activate your_env_name # for Windows，激活环境
激活后，terminal输入处开头会有(your_env_name)

source deactivate your_env_name # for Mac & Linux，返回默认环境
deactivate your_env_name # for Windows，返回默认环境

conda update -n base conda // update最新版本的conda

conda --version 或conda -v // 获取版本号
conda --help 或 conda -h // 获取帮助
conda update --help // 查看某一命令的帮助
conda env -h // 查看环境相关的命令

3. 频道管理

查看频道
conda config --get channels
删除频道’C1’
conda config --remove channels C1
添加频道’C1’
conda config --append channels C1 # 添加为Highest Priority
conda config --add channels C1 # 添加为Lowest Priority

3.1 添加Conda代理和国内镜像

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda -h
usage: conda-script.py [-h] [-V] command ...

conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.

Options:

positional arguments:
  command
    clean        Remove unused packages and caches.
    compare      Compare packages between conda environments.
    config       Modify configuration values in .condarc. This is modeled
                 after the git config command. Writes to the user .condarc
                 file (C:\Users\Lenovo\.condarc) by default.
    create       Create a new conda environment from a list of specified
                 packages.
    help         Displays a list of available conda commands and their help
                 strings.
    info         Display information about current conda install.
    init         Initialize conda for shell interaction. [Experimental]
    install      Installs a list of packages into a specified conda
                 environment.
    list         List linked packages in a conda environment.
    package      Low-level conda package utility. (EXPERIMENTAL)
    remove       Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
    uninstall    Alias for conda remove.
    run          Run an executable in a conda environment.
    search       Search for packages and display associated information. The
                 input is a MatchSpec, a query language for conda packages.
                 See examples below.
    update       Updates conda packages to the latest compatible version.
    upgrade      Alias for conda update.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help     Show this help message and exit.
  -V, --version  Show the conda version number and exit.

conda commands available from other packages:
  build
  content-trust
  convert
  debug
  develop
  env
  index
  inspect
  metapackage
  pack
  render
  repo
  server
  skeleton
  token
  verify

根据“conda -h”的提示信息，修改配置文件（如果没有，可以创建）
这里为“C:\Users\Lenovo.condarc”

设置代理

proxy_servers:
    http: http://10.144.1.10:8080
    https: http://10.144.1.10:8080

添加国内镜像源（国内清华大学镜像）
可以在命令行下执行如下命令（配置改动将更新到配置文件）
conda config --add channels ‘https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/’
conda config --add channels ‘https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/’
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
conda源操作的基本命令
conda config --show 查看当前所有配置
conda config --show-sources 查看当前使用源
conda config --remove channels 删除指定源
conda config --add channels 加指定源或者直接修改修改配置文件

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda config --show-sources
==> C:\Users\Lenovo\.condarc <==
default_python: None
ssl_verify: True
channels:
  - 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/'
  - 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/'
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: True

3.2 设置Conda环境和缓存的路径

默认情况下，Conda创建的新环境以及过往安装的模块缓存都存储在用户目录。
默认信息不会在Conda（user-specific）配置文件“ $H O M E / . c o n d a r c ” 中体现，但可通过 " c o n d a i n f o " 查看，包括默认环境路径、默认缓存路径、 C o n d a 源设置等。添加或修改 “$ HOME/.condarc”中的“env_dirs”和“pkgs_dirs”配置项，可以设置conda环境和缓存（envs directories 和 package cache）的默认路径。
按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径，搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找。

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda info

     active environment : base
    active env location : D:\install\Anaconda3
            shell level : 1
       user config file : C:\Users\Lenovo\.condarc
 populated config files : C:\Users\Lenovo\.condarc
          conda version : 4.12.0
    conda-build version : 3.21.8
         python version : 3.7.13.final.0
       virtual packages : __cuda=10.2=0
                          __win=0=0
                          __archspec=1=x86_64
       base environment : D:\install\Anaconda3  (writable)
      conda av data dir : D:\install\Anaconda3\etc\conda
  conda av metadata url : None
           channel URLs : https://conda.anaconda.org/'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/'/win-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/'/noarch
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/'/win-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/'/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch
          package cache : D:\install\Anaconda3\pkgs
                          C:\Users\Lenovo\.conda\pkgs
                          C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
       envs directories : D:\install\Anaconda3\envs
                          C:\Users\Lenovo\.conda\envs
                          C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
               platform : win-64
             user-agent : conda/4.12.0 requests/2.27.1 CPython/3.7.13 Windows/10 Windows/10.0.18362
          administrator : False
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

例如：在“$HOME/.condarc”中添加如下路径

envs_dirs:
D:\install\Anaconda3\envs # 按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径，搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找
C:\Users\Lenovo.conda\envs
C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
pkgs_dirs:
D:\install\Anaconda3\pkgs
C:\Users\Lenovo.conda\pkgs
C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs

也可以使用conda命令指定存放路径：
conda config --add envs_dirs <环境位置绝对路径> # 添加环境位置
conda config --add pkgs_dirs <包位置绝对路径> # 添加包位置

3.3 通过pip来管理包

注意：conda和pip都是对当前环境进行安装、升级和卸载包的操作。

设置允许pip访问conda包管理，执行命令“conda config --set use_pip True”；
$ conda config --set use_pip True
激活其中的一个运行环境
在激活的运行环境中，执行pip命令来管理包，可以通过“–proxy”参数设置代理地址；
最新版本似乎已经支持了，我没成功运行 conda config --set use_pip True，但直接使用pip install是可以的

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda install opencv-python
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.

PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:

  - opencv-python

Current channels:

  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch

To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to

    https://anaconda.org

and use the search bar at the top of the page.



(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda config --set use_pip True

CondaValueError: Key 'use_pip' is not a known primitive parameter.


(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>pip install opencv-python
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading opencv_python-4.5.5.64-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl (35.4 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 35.4/35.4 MB 10.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.3 in d:\install\anaconda3\envs\conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator\lib\site-packages (from opencv-python) (1.22.3)
Installing collected packages: opencv-python
Successfully installed opencv-python-4.5.5.64

4. 克隆环境到新的机器

export your Anaconda environment
activate py37_64
conda env export > environment.yml
for a new machine, install
conda env create -f environment.yml
对于R语言，conda-forge频道和default，R，bio-conda频道安装的dependencies均有冲突。个人建议：多造几个环境，每个环境单独设置频道。

5. anaconda安装最新的TensorFlow版本

1）打开anaconda-prompt
2）查看tensorflow各个版本：（查看会发现有一大堆TensorFlow源，但是不能随便选，选择可以用查找命令定位）：anaconda search -t conda tensorflow

     rocm/tensorflow           |   1.10.0 | conda           | linux-64        | rocm_py36h4c7c5b9_0, rocm_py27h37a2e76_0, rocm_py35h4a82bb7_0
                                          : TensorFlow is a machine learning library.
     rocm/tensorflow-base      |   1.10.0 | conda           | linux-64        | rocm_py27h43d396a_0, rocm_py35h2a98188_0, rocm_py35h43d396a_0, rocm_py36h43d396a_0
                                          : TensorFlow is a machine learning library, base AMD ROCm GPU package, tensorflow only.
     rocm/tensorflow-rocm      |   1.10.0 | conda           | linux-64        | h04cad3f_0, h7d95c5f_0
                                          : Metapackage for selecting a TensorFlow variant.
     sleap/tensorflow          |    2.7.0 | conda           | linux-64, win-64 | py36_0, py37h5685391_3, py37hb93dfd8_3, py37hb93dfd8_2, py37h5685391_2
                                          : TensorFlow 2.7.0 conda package based on the PyPI wheels.
Also includes numpy 1.18.1, h5py 3.1.0 and opencv-python-headless 4.2.0.34.
For GPU support, install cudatoolkit 11.3.1 and cudnn 8.2.1 which are available as conda packages on the default channel.
Found 100 packages

Run 'anaconda show <USER/PACKAGE>' to get installation details

3）找到自己安装环境对应的最新TensorFlow后（可以在终端搜索anaconda，定位到那一行），然后查看指定包<USER/PACKAGE>可安装版本信息命令：anaconda show <USER/PACKAGE> 。
如我的电脑配置是：

C:\Users\Lenovo>nvidia-smi
Mon May 02 16:08:18 2022
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 442.23       Driver Version: 442.23       CUDA Version: 10.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name            TCC/WDDM | Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce RTX 2060   WDDM  | 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
| N/A   45C    P8     8W /  N/A |    723MiB /  6144MiB |      8%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      1572    C+G   Insufficient Permissions                   N/A      |
|    0      3800    C+G   ...lugins\XWeb\628\extracted\WeChatApp.exe N/A      |
|    0      4728    C+G   ...dows.Cortana_cw5n1h2txyewy\SearchUI.exe N/A      |
|    0      5528    C+G   C:\Windows\explorer.exe                    N/A      |
|    0      7800    C+G   ...ns\XWeb\628\extracted\WechatBrowser.exe N/A      |
|    0      8600    C+G   ...cal\Programs\Microsoft VS Code\Code.exe N/A      |
|    0     11120    C+G   ...osoft.LockApp_cw5n1h2txyewy\LockApp.exe N/A      |
|    0     12000    C+G   ...gram Files (x86)\youdu\client\youdu.exe N/A      |
|    0     12556    C+G   ...DIA GeForce Experience\NVIDIA Share.exe N/A      |
|    0     14384    C+G   ...t_cw5n1h2txyewy\ShellExperienceHost.exe N/A      |
|    0     15344    C+G   ...hell.Experiences.TextInput.InputApp.exe N/A      |
|    0     62404    C+G   ...)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe N/A      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

所以需要选择cuda10.2版本的tensorflow，且显卡是Nvidia-Geforce RTX2060，系统为win64，tensorflow选择的包为：

 conda-forge/tensorflow-estimator |    2.7.0 | conda           | osx-arm64, linux-64, win-64, noarch, osx-64 | cuda112py310h922d117_0, py36h39e3cac_0, cuda112py38hab8ae04_2, cuda112py38hab8ae04_0, py37h5ca1d4c_0, pyh9656e83_0, cuda111py39h50553a9_1, cuda111py39h50553a9_0, cuda102py38h4357c17_2, cuda102py38h4357c17_0, cuda102py38h4357c17_1, pyh8a188c0_0, py39he80948d_0, cuda110py38h5f2c3e6_2, cuda110py39hf2ba822_2, cpu_py37h2b38087_1, py37hda21125_1, cpu_py37h2b38087_2, cuda110py39h016931e_1, cpu_py38h5f49c84_0, cpu_py37h2a13bee_0, cpu_py39h91c69d6_0, cuda112py39h23446aa_0, cpu_py37h2b38087_0, py38h5519746_0, py39h4ec10df_0, py37hfc69ec5_0, cpu_py38h1b4517c_0, cpu_py38h7d34d82_0, cpu_py38h7d34d82_2, cuda110py38h1096b06_1, cuda112py37h7d9f113_2, py27h24bf2e0_0, cpu_py38h4dea37b_0, cpu_py38h4dea37b_1, cpu_py38h4dea37b_2, py39h6f3a4d8_1, cuda110py310h4e8d1b5_0, py37h24bf2e0_0, pyh81a9013_1, py36hc4f0c31_0, py37he6ea403_1, py39he3720c4_1, cuda111py37hd477f92_2, cpu_py38h5f49c84_1, py36h24bf2e0_0, cpu_py38h5f49c84_2, py37hcd2ae1e_0, cuda112py39h23446aa_2, cpu_py310h9642b6f_0, py38h5ca1d4c_0, cpu_py310hd82aa13_0, cuda111py38h6ed5851_0, cuda110py38h09c20b0_0, py38hddd8853_0, cpu_py310hb7a2f4b_0, cuda110py37h41dd380_0, cuda111py38h7a887f1_2, cuda112py39heacc632_2, py39h9e04aea_0, cuda112py37h474db6c_2, cuda112py37h474db6c_0, cuda111py37h557cc93_1, cpu_py39h91c69d6_2, cpu_py39h91c69d6_1, cuda110py39h016931e_0, cuda111py38h862ebb2_1, cuda111py38h862ebb2_0, cuda110py37hae89d79_2, cpu_py37h559ea0e_0, cpu_py37h559ea0e_2, py36h5ca1d4c_0, cuda111py39h594ad97_0, cuda112py37hada678f_1, cuda112py37hada678f_0, cpu_py37h6f16af5_0, cpu_py37h6f16af5_2, cuda102py39h87695c4_1, cuda102py39h87695c4_0, cuda102py39h87695c4_2, py36h7641f05_0, cuda110py38h1096b06_0, py37h39e3cac_0, cuda110py39ha53fd0e_2, cuda110py39ha53fd0e_0, cuda111py37hf54207c_0, cuda111py39h594ad97_2, cuda111py39hbdafef0_2, cuda112py38hb2194ef_2, pyh3ac7371_0, cuda111py37hf54207c_2, cpu_py38hbed0dc1_2, cpu_py38hbed0dc1_1, cpu_py38hbed0dc1_0, cuda102py37had2b028_2, cuda110py37h4801193_0, cuda110py37h4801193_1, cpu_py39h1b7c303_2, cpu_py39h1b7c303_0, cpu_py39h1b7c303_1, cpu_py39ha241409_2, cuda110py37h41dd380_2, cpu_py39ha241409_0, py38hfbb78c2_1, cuda111py38h6ed5851_2, cuda102py37h80be449_2, cuda102py37h80be449_1, cuda102py37h80be449_0, py38h02c4698_1, pyh95af2a2_0, py38h709712a_0, cpu_py39hf4c5dbc_0, py39h6188115_1, cuda110py38h09c20b0_2, cuda111py37h557cc93_0, cuda102py38hb150450_2, cuda102py310hac962ef_0, cuda111py310h33dc607_0, cuda112py39h9333c2f_1, cuda112py39h9333c2f_0, cuda102py39h3630aa2_2, cuda112py38ha230376_1, cuda112py38ha230376_0, py38h45e38c2_1, cpu_py39h1b8f103_0, cpu_py39h1b8f103_1, cpu_py39h1b8f103_2, py27h5ca1d4c_0

4）查看tensorflow版本信息：anaconda show conda-forge/tensorflow-estimator

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>anaconda show   conda-forge/tensorflow-estimator
Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
Name:    tensorflow-estimator
Summary: TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning.
Access:  public
Package Types:  conda
Versions:
   + 1.13.0
   + 1.14.0
   + 2.2.0
   + 2.4.0
   + 2.5.0
   + 2.6.0
   + 2.6.2
   + 2.7.0

To install this package with conda run:
     conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge tensorflow-estimator

5）第4步会提供一个下载地址，使用下面命令就可安装tensorflow：
conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge tensorflow-estimator

6. 更新，卸载安装包

conda list 查看当前环境已安装的包信息
conda list -n xxx #指定查看xxx虚拟环境下安装的package
conda search <package_name> 查询包信息
conda search <search_term> 模糊查询包信息

conda install <package_name> 安装包
conda install numpy scipy pandas 同时安装多个包
conda install numpy=1.10 安装包的指定版本
conda install anaconda 在当前环境安装anaconda集合包
conda uninstall xxx #卸载xxx文件包

conda update <package_name> 升级包
conda update conda 更新conda
conda update anaconda 更新anaconda
conda update python 更新Python
conda remove <package_name> 移除包

conda install --name <env_name> <package_name> 在指定环境安装的包信息
conda remove --name <env_name> <package_name> 移除指定环境的包
conda update --name <env_name> <package_name> 升级指定环境的包
conda list --name <env_name> 查看指定环境的已安装的包信息

查看包
conda list
安装包
conda install P1
conda install -n NewEnv P1 # 安装到NewEnv环境下
conda install -c C1 P1 #从C1频道安装
升级
conda update P1
conda update --all #升级所有
升级conda、R、Python
conda update conda
conda update r
conda update python

conda install <package_name> 安装包
conda install numpy scipy pandas 同时安装多个包
conda install numpy=1.10 安装包的指定版本
conda install anaconda 在当前环境安装anaconda集合包

conda remove <package_name> 移除包
conda update <package_name> 升级包

conda list 查看当前环境已安装的包信息
conda search <package_name> 查询包信息
conda search <search_term> 模糊查询包信息

conda update conda 更新conda
conda update anaconda 更新anaconda
conda update python 更新Python

7. 清理（conda瘦身）

conda clean就可以轻松搞定！第一步：通过conda clean -p来删除一些没用的包，这个命令会检查哪些包没有在包缓存中被硬依赖到其他地方，并删除它们。第二步：通过conda clean -t可以将conda保存下来的tar包。
conda clean -p //删除没有用的包
conda clean -t //tar打包
conda clean -y -all //删除所有的安装包及cache

8. 常用问题

问题1：conda install 错误

conda install 软件时出现如下错误信息：
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction:
failed ERROR conda.core.link:_execute(502):
解决方法：往往时权限不够，需要以管理员方式运行Anaconda prompt进行安装

问题2： jupyter notebook默认工作目录设置

1）在Anaconda Prompt终端中输入下面命令，查看你的notebook配置文件在哪里：jupyter notebook --generate-config # 会生成文件C:\Users\用户.jupyter\jupyter_notebook_config.py
2）打开jupyter_notebook_config.py文件通过搜索关键词：c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir，修改如下：
c.NotebookApp.notebook_dir = ‘E:\tf_models’ //修改到自定义文件夹
3）然后重启notebook服务器就可以了
**注：**其它方法直接命令到指定目录，Anaconda Prompt终端中输：jupyter notebook 目录地址

问题3：HTTP errors

HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way. ConnectionError
这可能是防火墙问题，使用命令
conda config --set ssl_verify false

9. 在PyCharm中使用Anaconda创建的环境

9.1 查看Conda环境信息

在Anaconda Prompt中通过“ conda env list”查看所有环境信息，确认环境所在目录；

注意：通过Conda创建的虚拟环境默认放置envs目录中，例如：“D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\mlcc”

9.2 更改PyCharm的编译器选项

打开Pycharm，然后依次点击File—》Settings—》Project:xxxxx—》Project Interperter—》“齿轮”按钮—》“Add Local…”

在出现页面中，添加Conda环境信息并保存

此时，依次点击File—》Settings—》Project:xxxxx—》Project Interperter—》“齿轮”按钮—》“Show All…”

依次点击File—》Settings—》Project:xxxxx—》Project Interperter，选择相应的环境。

10 举例

10.1 显示所有环境

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  D:\install\Anaconda3
tensorflow               D:\install\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow

10.2 最新的创建tensorflow环境

具体选择见第5章

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda create --name conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: D:\install\Anaconda3\envs\conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator



Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

10.3 激活虚拟环境

(base) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda activate conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>coda list
'coda' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

10.4 查看已安装包

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda list
# packages in environment at D:\install\Anaconda3\envs\conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>

10.5 安装tensorflow

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge tensorflow-estimator
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: D:\install\Anaconda3\envs\conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator

  added / updated specs:
    - tensorflow-estimator


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    absl-py-1.0.0              |     pyhd8ed1ab_0          95 KB  conda-forge
    astor-0.8.1                |     pyh9f0ad1d_0          25 KB  conda-forge
    bzip2-1.0.8                |       h8ffe710_4         149 KB  conda-forge
    ca-certificates-2021.10.8  |       h5b45459_0         176 KB  conda-forge
    gast-0.5.3                 |     pyhd8ed1ab_0          20 KB  conda-forge
    intel-openmp-2022.0.0      |    h57928b3_3663         3.6 MB  conda-forge
    libblas-3.9.0              |     14_win64_mkl         5.3 MB  conda-forge
    libcblas-3.9.0             |     14_win64_mkl         5.3 MB  conda-forge
    libffi-3.4.2               |       h8ffe710_5          41 KB  conda-forge
    liblapack-3.9.0            |     14_win64_mkl         5.3 MB  conda-forge
    libprotobuf-3.20.0         |       h7755175_0         2.4 MB  conda-forge
    libzlib-1.2.11             |    h8ffe710_1014          64 KB  conda-forge
    mkl-2022.0.0               |     h0e2418a_796       181.9 MB  conda-forge
    numpy-1.22.3               |  py310hed7ac4c_2         6.1 MB  conda-forge
    openssl-3.0.2              |       h8ffe710_1        10.1 MB  conda-forge
    pip-22.0.4                 |     pyhd8ed1ab_0         1.5 MB  conda-forge
    protobuf-3.20.0            |  py310h5588dad_4         239 KB  conda-forge
    python-3.10.4              |hcf16a7b_0_cpython        16.2 MB  conda-forge
    python_abi-3.10            |          2_cp310           4 KB  conda-forge
    setuptools-62.1.0          |  py310h5588dad_0         1.3 MB  conda-forge
    six-1.16.0                 |     pyh6c4a22f_0          14 KB  conda-forge
    sqlite-3.38.3              |       h8ffe710_0         1.3 MB  conda-forge
    tbb-2021.5.0               |       h2d74725_1         148 KB  conda-forge
    tensorflow-estimator-2.5.0 |     pyh81a9013_1         289 KB  conda-forge
    termcolor-1.1.0            |             py_2           6 KB  conda-forge
    tk-8.6.12                  |       h8ffe710_0         3.5 MB  conda-forge
    tzdata-2022a               |       h191b570_0         121 KB  conda-forge
    ucrt-10.0.20348.0          |       h57928b3_0         1.2 MB  conda-forge
    vc-14.2                    |       hb210afc_6          13 KB  conda-forge
    vs2015_runtime-14.29.30037 |       h902a5da_6         1.3 MB  conda-forge
    wheel-0.37.1               |     pyhd8ed1ab_0          31 KB  conda-forge
    wrapt-1.14.0               |  py310he2412df_1          49 KB  conda-forge
    xz-5.2.5                   |       h62dcd97_1         211 KB  conda-forge
    zlib-1.2.11                |    h8ffe710_1014         106 KB  conda-forge
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:       247.8 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  absl-py            conda-forge/noarch::absl-py-1.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0
  astor              conda-forge/noarch::astor-0.8.1-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  bzip2              conda-forge/win-64::bzip2-1.0.8-h8ffe710_4
  ca-certificates    conda-forge/win-64::ca-certificates-2021.10.8-h5b45459_0
  gast               conda-forge/noarch::gast-0.5.3-pyhd8ed1ab_0
  intel-openmp       conda-forge/win-64::intel-openmp-2022.0.0-h57928b3_3663
  libblas            conda-forge/win-64::libblas-3.9.0-14_win64_mkl
  libcblas           conda-forge/win-64::libcblas-3.9.0-14_win64_mkl
  libffi             conda-forge/win-64::libffi-3.4.2-h8ffe710_5
  liblapack          conda-forge/win-64::liblapack-3.9.0-14_win64_mkl
  libprotobuf        conda-forge/win-64::libprotobuf-3.20.0-h7755175_0
  libzlib            conda-forge/win-64::libzlib-1.2.11-h8ffe710_1014
  mkl                conda-forge/win-64::mkl-2022.0.0-h0e2418a_796
  numpy              conda-forge/win-64::numpy-1.22.3-py310hed7ac4c_2
  openssl            conda-forge/win-64::openssl-3.0.2-h8ffe710_1
  pip                conda-forge/noarch::pip-22.0.4-pyhd8ed1ab_0
  protobuf           conda-forge/win-64::protobuf-3.20.0-py310h5588dad_4
  python             conda-forge/win-64::python-3.10.4-hcf16a7b_0_cpython
  python_abi         conda-forge/win-64::python_abi-3.10-2_cp310
  setuptools         conda-forge/win-64::setuptools-62.1.0-py310h5588dad_0
  six                conda-forge/noarch::six-1.16.0-pyh6c4a22f_0
  sqlite             conda-forge/win-64::sqlite-3.38.3-h8ffe710_0
  tbb                conda-forge/win-64::tbb-2021.5.0-h2d74725_1
  tensorflow-estima~ conda-forge/noarch::tensorflow-estimator-2.5.0-pyh81a9013_1
  termcolor          conda-forge/noarch::termcolor-1.1.0-py_2
  tk                 conda-forge/win-64::tk-8.6.12-h8ffe710_0
  tzdata             conda-forge/noarch::tzdata-2022a-h191b570_0
  ucrt               conda-forge/win-64::ucrt-10.0.20348.0-h57928b3_0
  vc                 conda-forge/win-64::vc-14.2-hb210afc_6
  vs2015_runtime     conda-forge/win-64::vs2015_runtime-14.29.30037-h902a5da_6
  wheel              conda-forge/noarch::wheel-0.37.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0
  wrapt              conda-forge/win-64::wrapt-1.14.0-py310he2412df_1
  xz                 conda-forge/win-64::xz-5.2.5-h62dcd97_1
  zlib               conda-forge/win-64::zlib-1.2.11-h8ffe710_1014


Proceed ([y]/n)? y

10.6 安装opencv-python

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>conda install opencv-python
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.

PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:

  - opencv-python

Current channels:

  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch

To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to

    https://anaconda.org

and use the search bar at the top of the page.

解决方法是使用pip安装

(conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator) C:\Users\Lenovo>pip install opencv-python
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading opencv_python-4.5.5.64-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl (35.4 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 35.4/35.4 MB 10.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.3 in d:\install\anaconda3\envs\conda_forge_tensorflow_estimator\lib\site-packages (from opencv-python) (1.22.3)
Installing collected packages: opencv-python
Successfully installed opencv-python-4.5.5.64