python 安装 psycopg2 报错问题处理

今天在安装服务器环境时，使用Python  安装 psycopg2 报错如下

pip3 install psycopg2
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting psycopg2
  Downloading http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/packages/fd/ae/98cb7a0cbb1d748ee547b058b14604bd0e9bf285a8e0cc5d148f8a8a952e/psycopg2-2.8.6.tar.gz (383 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 383 kB 14.7 MB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: psycopg2
  Building wheel for psycopg2 (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-b8tz2p9a
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/
  Complete output (40 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/errors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/pool.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/sql.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/tz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/_lru_cache.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/_json.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/_range.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/_ipaddress.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/errorcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  copying lib/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
  running build_ext
  building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_VERSION=2.8.6 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64) -DPG_VERSION_NUM=120006 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/usr/include/python3.8 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/12/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
  In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:28:
  ./psycopg/psycopg.h:36:10: fatal error: libpq-fe.h: No such file or directory
     36 | #include <libpq-fe.h>
        |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
  compilation terminated.
  
  It appears you are missing some prerequisite to build the package from source.
  
  You may install a binary package by installing 'psycopg2-binary' from PyPI.
  If you want to install psycopg2 from source, please install the packages
  required for the build and try again.
  
  For further information please check the 'doc/src/install.rst' file (also at
  <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html>).
  
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for psycopg2
  Running setup.py clean for psycopg2
Failed to build psycopg2
Installing collected packages: psycopg2
    Running setup.py install for psycopg2 ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-056pra4x/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/local/include/python3.8/psycopg2
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/
    Complete output (40 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/errors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/pool.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/sql.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/tz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/_lru_cache.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/_json.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/_range.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/_ipaddress.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/errorcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    copying lib/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg2
    running build_ext
    building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_VERSION=2.8.6 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64) -DPG_VERSION_NUM=120006 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/usr/include/python3.8 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/12/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:28:
    ./psycopg/psycopg.h:36:10: fatal error: libpq-fe.h: No such file or directory
       36 | #include <libpq-fe.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    
    It appears you are missing some prerequisite to build the package from source.
    
    You may install a binary package by installing 'psycopg2-binary' from PyPI.
    If you want to install psycopg2 from source, please install the packages
    required for the build and try again.
    
    For further information please check the 'doc/src/install.rst' file (also at
    <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html>).
    
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-6gdzdzy9/psycopg2/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-056pra4x/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/local/include/python3.8/psycopg2 Check the logs for full command output.

原因是因为缺少安装依赖

安装如下依赖：

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev python-dev

安装完成后，在重新安装psycopg2

 sudo apt-get install libpq-dev python-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'python-dev-is-python2' instead of 'python-dev'
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libpython2-dev libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev python-is-python2 python2-dev python2.7-dev
Suggested packages:
  postgresql-doc-12
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libpq-dev libpython2-dev libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev python-dev-is-python2 python-is-python2 python2-dev python2.7-dev
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3,948 kB of archives.
After this operation, 18.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libpq-dev amd64 12.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 [136 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libpython2.7 amd64 2.7.18-1~20.04.1 [1,038 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libpython2.7-dev amd64 2.7.18-1~20.04.1 [2,475 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libpython2-dev amd64 2.7.17-2ubuntu4 [7,140 B]
Get:5 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 python-is-python2 all 2.7.17-4 [2,496 B]
Get:6 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 python2.7-dev amd64 2.7.18-1~20.04.1 [287 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 python2-dev amd64 2.7.17-2ubuntu4 [1,268 B]
Get:8 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 python-dev-is-python2 all 2.7.17-4 [1,396 B]
Fetched 3,948 kB in 1s (7,438 kB/s)               
Selecting previously unselected package libpq-dev.
(Reading database ... 124663 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-libpq-dev_12.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpq-dev (12.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
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Unpacking libpython2.7:amd64 (2.7.18-1~20.04.1) ...
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Unpacking python-dev-is-python2 (2.7.17-4) ...
Setting up libpython2.7:amd64 (2.7.18-1~20.04.1) ...
Setting up libpython2.7-dev:amd64 (2.7.18-1~20.04.1) ...
Setting up libpq-dev (12.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up libpython2-dev:amd64 (2.7.17-2ubuntu4) ...
Setting up python-is-python2 (2.7.17-4) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.18-1~20.04.1) ...
Setting up python2-dev (2.7.17-2ubuntu4) ...
Setting up python-dev-is-python2 (2.7.17-4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
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root@:/home/odoo/odoo143-8# pip3 install psycopg2
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting psycopg2
  Downloading http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/packages/fd/ae/98cb7a0cbb1d748ee547b058b14604bd0e9bf285a8e0cc5d148f8a8a952e/psycopg2-2.8.6.tar.gz (383 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 383 kB 38.0 MB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: psycopg2
  Building wheel for psycopg2 (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for psycopg2: filename=psycopg2-2.8.6-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=505007 sha256=c3cc9533dbce94c712f595abe78d8c55c427a85953202a7efacedc15fb35797c
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/ff/bc/64/94aa1ef4380d14bf08bf665d42eaea8e0219dce0ac83738f93
Successfully built psycopg2
Installing collected packages: psycopg2
Successfully installed psycopg2-2.8.6
root@:/home/odoo/odoo143-8# 

安装OK