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好用的shell命令行: fish的配置

梁丘逸仙
2023-12-01

fish的可视化配置命令:

$ fish_config

 

fish 很好的资源列表:

https://github.com/JorgeBucaran/awesome-fish

 

 

其配置文件夹为 ~/.config/fish。

1、要设置环境变量,在配置文件夹里新建 config.fish 文件,它会作为fish 启动时的加载文件,相当与bash的.bashrc,然后在里面配置环境变量,其环境变量配置方法与bash不同,格式如下:

# There are three kinds of variables in fish: universal, global and local variables. 
# Universal variables are shared between all fish sessions a user is running on one computer. 
# Global variables are specific to the current fish session, but are not associated with any 
#   specific block scope, and will never be erased unless the user explicitly requests it using set -e. 
# Local variables are specific to the current fish session, and associated with a specific block of 
#   commands, and is automatically erased when a specific block goes out of scope. 
# A block of commands is a series of commands that begins with one of the commands for, while , if, function, 
#   begin or switch, and ends with the command end. 
# The user can specify that a variable should have either global or local scope using the -g/--global or -l/--local switches.

# Variables can be explicitly set to be universal with the -U or --universal switch, 
# global with the -g or --global switch, or local with the -l or --local switch.

set -x JAVA_HOME /home/hzh/hzh/soft/jdk
set -x JRE_HOME {$JAVA_HOME}/jre
# 按照bash风格用:来分割多个值,但在fish中PATH不能用:来分割,必须用空格分割 set -x CLASSPATH .:{$JAVA_HOME}/lib:{$JRE_HOME}/lib set -x PATH {$JAVA_HOME}/bin {$PATH} set -x ANDROID_HOME /home/zhou/android/android_adt/sdk set -x PATH {$PATH} {$ANDROID_HOME}/build-tools/22.0.1 set -x PATH {$PATH} {$ANDROID_HOME}/platform-tools set -x PATH {$PATH} {$ANDROID_HOME}/tools set -x NDK_HOME /home/zhou/android/android_adt/ndk set -x PATH {$PATH} {$NDK_HOME} set -x PATH {$PATH} /home/zhou/android/android_adt/eclipse set -x GRADLE_HOME /home/hzh/hzh/soft/gradle set -x PATH {$PATH} {$GRADLE_HOME}/bin
# 设置局部变量,必须用空格分割name及value,不能象bash那样用=来赋值 set -l MAVEN_HOME '/home/hzh/hzh/soft/maven' set -x PATH {$PATH} {$MAVEN_HOME}/bin set -x CATALINA_HOME /home/hzh/hzh/soft/tomcat

 

2、若要定义alias,但fish里没有alias这个说法,因此官方介绍用function来替代alias。具体是这样的,在配置文件夹里的新建一个名为functions的文件夹,此文件夹里存放你所定义的function,function名就是文件名,后缀为.fish, 在fish启动的时候,所有位于functions文件夹里的以后缀.fish结尾的函数都会被自动加载,这样就定义了一个alias。如:

functions/meld.fish:

function meld --description 'compare files'
  /usr/bin/meld 1>/dev/null 2>&1 $argv
end

每个函数都必须带参数 $argv,这是shell传过来的参数。

上面的说法有误,fish有alias的,放到 config.fish 里,但是它也等价于函数,无法这后台运行:

# 下面这句可以后台运行,因为 xdg-open 本身就是后台运行的程序
alias hopen 'xdg-open 2>/dev/null'

 

3、有别与bash的`键,fish里采用括号来完成命令执行的功能:

在bash中,使用 ls `which ls` 可以显示 /bin/ls。 而在fish中,使用 ls (which ls) 可以显示 /bin/ls。 用 echo a(data)则输出: a2016年 09月 23日 星期五 15:49:18 CST。

 

4、bash中的ctrl+r的搜索历史命令的功能(不断按ctrl+r可以继续搜索),在fish中已经得到了很好的解决,你只需要键入你想搜索的历史命令中的某写字母,再按ctrl+p就能不断搜索历史命令。

 

5、fish的function不能运行在后台,即加 & 没什么用。

 

6、fish的prompt, 在functions目录加入文件 fish_prompt.fish ,其内容为:

# 其中的 (hostname) (prompt_pwd) 为shell命令, $USER 为环境变量, __fish_prompt_hostname 为临时变量
function fish_prompt if not set -q __fish_prompt_hostname set -g __fish_prompt_hostname (hostname) end set_color -o cyan echo -n -s "$USER" @ "$__fish_prompt_hostname" ": " set_color -o green echo -n (prompt_pwd)
# 也可以用这个: echo -n ' $ ' echo -n " \$ " set_color normal end

 

7、去掉欢迎信息(greeting message), 在fishd.* 文件中,替换SET fish_greeting:*** SET fish_greeting:  注意冒号。(如下文件只修改有注释的地方就可以了)

# This file is automatically generated by the fish.
# Do NOT edit it directly, your changes will be overwritten.
SET __fish_init_1_50_0:\x1d
SET fish_color_autosuggestion:555\x1eyellow
# SET fish_color_command:005fd7\x1epurple SET fish_color_command:ffff00\x1epurple\x1e--bold SET fish_color_comment:red SET fish_color_cwd:green SET fish_color_cwd_root:red SET fish_color_error:red\x1e\x2d\x2dbold SET fish_color_escape:cyan SET fish_color_history_current:cyan SET fish_color_match:cyan SET fish_color_normal:normal SET fish_color_operator:cyan # SET fish_color_param:00afff\x1ecyan
SET fish_color_param:00ff00\x1ecyan\x1e--bold SET fish_color_quote:brown SET fish_color_redirection:normal SET fish_color_search_match:\x2d\x2dbackground\x3dpurple SET fish_color_selection:\x2d\x2dbackground\x3dpurple SET fish_color_valid_path:\x2d\x2dunderline # SET fish_greeting:Welcome\x20to\x20fish\x2c\x20the\x20friendly\x20interactive\x20shell\x0aType\x20\x1b\x5b32mhelp\x1b\x5b30m\x1b\x28B\x1b\x5bm\x20for\x20instructions\x20on\x20how\x20to\x20use\x20fish SET fish_greeting: SET fish_key_bindings:fish_default_key_bindings SET fish_pager_color_completion:normal SET fish_pager_color_description:555\x1eyellow SET fish_pager_color_prefix:cyan SET fish_pager_color_progress:cyan

 

8、fish种的 \x1e 是什么,其实就一个分隔符,它的定义为:

/** Character for separating two array elements. We use 30, i.e. the ascii record separator since that seems logical. */
#define ARRAY_SEP 0x1e

/** String containing the character for separating two array elements */
#define ARRAY_SEP_STR L"\x1e"

测试结果:

    # 数组 [a] [b]
$ set aaa (printf 'a\x1eb') $ count $aaa 2
    # 数组 [a\x1fb]
$ set aaa (printf 'a\x1fb') $ count $aaa 1

很明显,它是一个数组的分隔符.

 

ubuntu下fish shell设置 256 color:

首先运行:

  1. tput colors   -This will report how many colors your terminal is using.
  2. echo $TERM   -This will tell you what terminal you are using.
  3. echo $COLORTERM  -If you are using a gnome you should see gnome-terminal.

确保使用的是 xterm。

在终端点击菜单  编辑-》配置文件首选项, 再点“命令”tab, 然后勾选上“运行自定义命令而不是shell”,在里面敲入:  env TERM=xterm-256color /usr/bin/fish    

 

 

fish shell 的命令行语法:

Fish 的语法非常自然,一眼就能看懂。

if语句:

if grep fish /etc/shells
    echo Found fish
else if grep bash /etc/shells
    echo Found bash
else
    echo Got nothing
end

switch语句:

switch (uname)
case Linux
    echo Hi Tux!
case Darwin
    echo Hi Hexley!
case FreeBSD NetBSD DragonFly
    echo Hi Beastie!
case '*'
    echo Hi, stranger!
end

while循环:

while true
    echo "Loop forever"
end

for循环:

for file in *.txt
    cp $file $file.bak
end

 

fish 的函数

Fish 的函数用来封装命令,或者为现有的命令起别名,可在配置文件夹里定义函数文件(文件名必须是函数名),或者在命令行直接定义函数:

function llss
    ls -lhG $argv
end

上面代码定义了一个llss函数。命令行执行这个函数以后,就可以用llss命令替代ls -lhG。其中,变量$argv表示函数的参数,每个定义的函数都必须带这个参数,由fish负责参数值的传递。

下面是另一个例子:

function ls
    command ls -hG $argv
end

上面的代码重新定义ls命令。注意,函数体内的ls之前,要加上command,否则会因为无限循环而报错。

 

下面是我自己写的一个较完整的fish函数示例:

function testecho
    echo $argv[1]
    # $status 使用一次就会被清空,所有暂存它
    set result $status
    if [ 0 -eq $result ]
        echo command execute success
    else 
        echo $result
        echo command execute failed
        return
    end

  # 下面的命令执行结果不为0,即执行不成功 SOME_ERROR_COMMAND set result $status if [ 0 -eq $result ] echo command execute success else echo $result echo command execute failed return end sleep 1 echo $argv[2] end

 

fish 中对argv参数进行interate:

function sss
    for a in $argv
        set aa (math "$a+1")
        myecho $a $aa
    end
    echo ""
    for a in $argv[1..-1]
        myecho $a $a+1
    end
end

其中 myecho 为:

function myecho
    echo $argv[1] $argv[2]
end

 

 

对于单引号和双引号的使用请参照如下示例:

$ A=B\ C
$ echo '"$A"'        # 最外面的是单引号, 输出结果:    "$A"
$ echo "'$A'"        # 最外面的是双引号, 输出结果:    'B C'

 

function vote_eosnameswaps      --description 'vote each account of eosnameswaps'
    echo "begin ..."
    echo ""

    set CLEOS /home/hzh/github/eos_build/programs/cleos/cleos

    for each_voter in $argv[1..-1]
        echo $each_voter
        ./cleos -v -u http://api.eosnewyork.io push action eosnameswaps vote '[ "p.eos","'$each_voter'" ]' -p $each_voter@active
        sleep 1
    end

    echo ""
    echo "finished"
end

 

fish shell 读取文本文件然后将头尾的空字符去掉,替换中间所有2个及2个以上的连续空字符为一个空格,然后在分割成可以单独使用的元素:

function read-file-trim-split
    for line in (cat /tmp/hzh)
        set all "$all $line"
    end
    set all (string trim $all)
    set all (string replace -ar "\\s{2,}" " " $all)
    set all (string split " " $all)
    echo $all
    for word in $all
        echo $word
    end
end

 

fish shell 中的比较和数学运算:

function go
    set d 66
    while true
        set d (math "$d * 1.1 + 0.003")
        if math "$d > 117"
            break
        end
        echo $d
    end
end

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/welhzh/p/5899875.html

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