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php webm文件头,webm EBML文件头分析

柏修洁
2023-12-01

EBML element

分析webm格式,主要是对ebml element的理解,EBML是类似于XML那样的层次化结构,每一个元素都有它的ID、值,在二进制存储中每个元素的排列是

ID,长度,值

Element IDs (also called EBML IDs) are outlined as follows, beginning with the ID itself, followed by the Data Size, and then the non-interpreted Binary itself:

Element ID coded with an UTF-8 like system :

bits, big-endian

1xxx xxxx - Class A IDs (2^7 -1 possible values) (base 0x8X)

01xx xxxx xxxx xxxx - Class B IDs (2^14-1 possible values) (base 0x4X 0xXX)

001x xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - Class C IDs (2^21-1 possible values) (base 0x2X 0xXX 0xXX)

0001 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - Class D IDs (2^28-1 possible values) (base 0x1X 0xXX 0xXX 0xXX)

Data size, in octets, is also coded with an UTF-8 like system :

bits, big-endian

1xxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^7-2

01xx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^14-2

001x xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^21-2

0001 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^28-2

0000 1xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^35-2

0000 01xx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^42-2

0000 001x xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^49-2

0000 0001 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx - value 0 to 2^56-2

去掉001这样的前缀,xxx就是实际需要的element id, element data size的值。

Data

element id, element data size 都是以001这样开头,element data直接跟在element data size,没有了前面的001这样的前缀。

android 中的 EBML header的ID( external/libvpx/libmkv/EbmlIDs.h):

EBML = 0x1A45DFA3,

EBMLVersion = 0x4286,

EBMLReadVersion = 0x42F7,

EBMLMaxIDLength = 0x42F2,

EBMLMaxSizeLength = 0x42F3,

DocType = 0x4282,

DocTypeVersion = 0x4287,

DocTypeReadVersion = 0x4285,

//segment

Segment = 0x18538067,

所以判断一个文件是否webm文件需要满足两个主要条件:

是否有EBML文件头0x1A45DFA3

doctype是不是webm

分析webm文件头

这是通过ghex程序拷贝的一个文件的ebml文件头信息(ghex打开文件后,可以通过save as菜单把hex保存为html):

1a 45 df a3 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 1f 42 86 81 01 42 f7

81 01 42 f2 81 04 42 f3 81 08 42 82 84 77 65 62 6d 42

87 81 02 42 85 81 02 18 53 80 67 01 00 00 00 00 18 ab

这个文件的EBML header可以这样理解:

Element ID:1a 45 df a3

Element data size : 01[0000 0001, 8个字节]

Element data:00 00 00 00 00 00 1f[十进制是31,表示了后面所有Element总长度(字节),所以对于EBML header 的level 0,data的内容就是header中sub element的总字节数]

以42 82为例分析doctype:

Element ID:42 82

Element data size :84 [84二进制就是1000 0100,去掉1,后面就是000 0100,十进制是4,表示后面的数据占四个字节]

Element data:77 65 62 6d [对应的ascii字符就是w e b m]

gstreamer中gsttypefindfunctions.c 中 EBML 文件头解析的部分代码如下:

/* EBML typefind helper */

static gboolean

ebml_check_header (GstTypeFind * tf, const gchar * doctype, int doctype_len)

{

/* 4 bytes for EBML ID, 1 byte for header length identifier */

guint8 *data = gst_type_find_peek (tf, 0, 4 + 1);

gint len_mask = 0x80, size = 1, n = 1, total;

if (!data)

return FALSE;

/* ebml header? */

if (data[0] != 0x1A || data[1] != 0x45 || data[2] != 0xDF || data[3] != 0xA3)

return FALSE;

/* length of header */

total = data[4];

/*

* len_mask binary: 1000 0000, while循环 total & len_mask 就可计算出前面0的个数,

* 碰到1结束循环,size的值刚好就是ebml head element的字节数。

*/

while (size <= 8 && !(total & len_mask)) {

size++;

len_mask >>= 1;

}

if (size > 8) /* 得出ebml header(level 0) data 的字节数 */

return FALSE;

total &= (len_mask - 1);

while (n < size)

total = (total << 8) | data[4 + n++];

/* get new data for full header, 4 bytes for EBML ID,

* EBML length tag and the actual header */

data = gst_type_find_peek (tf, 0, 4 + size + total);

if (!data)

return FALSE;

/* only check doctype if asked to do so */

if (doctype == NULL || doctype_len == 0)

return TRUE;

/* the header must contain the doctype. For now, we don't parse the

* whole header but simply check for the availability of that array

* of characters inside the header. Not fully fool-proof, but good

* enough. */

for (n = 4 + size; n <= 4 + size + total - doctype_len; n++)

if (!memcmp (&data[n], doctype, doctype_len))

return TRUE;

return FALSE;

}

调用ebml_check_header的时候指定参数doctype为"matroska", "webm"即可。

static void

matroska_type_find (GstTypeFind * tf, gpointer ununsed)

{

if (ebml_check_header (tf, "matroska", 8))

gst_type_find_suggest (tf, GST_TYPE_FIND_MAXIMUM, MATROSKA_CAPS);

else if (ebml_check_header (tf, NULL, 0))

gst_type_find_suggest (tf, GST_TYPE_FIND_LIKELY, MATROSKA_CAPS);

}

参考:

多媒体封装格式详解---MKV【1】【2】【3】 http://blog.csdn.net/tx3344/article/details/8162656

http://blog.csdn.net/tx3344/article/details/8176288

http://blog.csdn.net/tx3344/article/details/8203260

MKV的EBML格式

http://tigersoldier.is-programmer.com/2008/6/30/ebml-in-mkv.4052.html

MKV文件格式

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12845622-id-311943.html

Matroska文件解析之SimpleBlock http://www.cnblogs.com/tangdoudou/archive/2012/05/14/2499063.html 工具MKVtoolnix: http://www.cinker.com/2009/01/13/mkv-movie-split-merge-mkvtoolnix/ mkv ebml官方文档: http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/index.html

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