关于java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: event executor terminated

席宜修
2023-12-01

多线程报了个java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: event executor terminated 

线程池的拒绝策略

ThreadPoolExecutor内部有实现4个拒绝策略,默认为AbortPolicy策略

  • CallerRunsPolicy:由调用execute方法提交任务的线程来执行这个任务
  • AbortPolicy:抛出异常RejectedExecutionException拒绝提交任务
  • DiscardPolicy:直接抛弃任务,不做任何处理
  • DiscardOldestPolicy:去除任务队列中的第一个任务,重新提交

线程池中,有三个重要的参数,决定影响了拒绝策略:corePoolSize - 核心线程数,也即最小的线程数。workQueue - 阻塞队列 。 maximumPoolSize - 最大线程数

当提交任务数大于 corePoolSize 的时候,会优先将任务放到 workQueue 阻塞队列中。当阻塞队列饱和后,会扩充线程池中线程数,直到达到 maximumPoolSize 最大线程数配置。此时,再多余的任务,则会触发线程池的拒绝策略了。

总结起来,也就是一句话,当提交的任务数大于(workQueue.size() + maximumPoolSize ),就会触发线程池的拒绝策略。

当你的线程跑满,并且等待队列也满了以后,再执行任务,就会报错,你也可以抛弃掉新增的任务
你的线程池最大是100,队列是200,所以你任务跑多了,就会报这个错误

拒绝策略的源码

CallerRunsPolicy

 /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that runs the rejected task
     * directly in the calling thread of the {@code execute} method,
     * unless the executor has been shut down, in which case the task
     * is discarded.
     * 用于拒绝任务的处理程序,
     * 可以直接在{@code execute}方法的调用线程中运行被拒绝的任务
     * 除非执行器已被关闭,否则将丢弃该任务。
     */
    public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
         * 创建一个{@code CallerRunsPolicy}。
         */
        public CallerRunsPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
         * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
         * 除非执行器已关闭,否则在调用者线程中执行任务,
         * r 在这种情况下,该任务将被丢弃。
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         *          r 请求执行的可运行任务
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         *          e 尝试执行此任务的执行者
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                r.run();
            }
        }
    }

分析:

CallerRunsPolicy:线程调用运行该任务的 execute 本身。此策略提供简单的反馈控制机制,能够减缓新任务的提交速度。

这个策略显然不想放弃执行任务。但是由于池中已经没有任何资源了,那么就直接使用调用该execute的线程本身来执行。(开始我总不想丢弃任务的执行,但是对某些应用场景来讲,很有可能造成当前线程也被阻塞。如果所有线程都是不能执行的,很可能导致程序没法继续跑了。需要视业务情景而定吧。)

这样生产者虽然没有被阻塞,但提交任务也会被暂停。

但这种策略也有隐患,当生产者较少时,生产者消费任务的时间里,消费者可能已经把任务都消费完了,队列处于空状态,当生产者执行完任务后才能再继续生产任务,这个过程中可能导致消费者线程的饥饿。

AbortPolicy

 /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that throws a
     * {@code RejectedExecutionException}.
     * 抛出{@code RejectedExecutionException}的拒绝任务处理程序。
     */
    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
         */
        public AbortPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
         * 总是抛出RejectedExecutionException
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException always
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                 " rejected from " +
                                                 e.toString());
        }
    }

分析:

该策略是默认饱和策略。

使用该策略时在饱和时会抛出RejectedExecutionException(继承自RuntimeException),调用者可捕获该异常自行处理。

DiscardPolicy

   /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the
     * rejected task.
     * 拒绝任务的处理程序,默认丢弃拒绝任务。
     */
    public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
         */
        public DiscardPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
         * 不执行任何操作,这具有丢弃任务 r 的作用。
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        }
    }

分析:

如代码所示,不做任何处理直接抛弃任务

DiscardOldestPolicy

   /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled
     * request and then retries {@code execute}, unless the executor
     * is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
     * 处理被拒绝任务的处理程序,它丢弃最旧的未处理请求,
     * 然后重试{@code execute},
     * 除非执行器*被关闭,在这种情况下,该任务将被丢弃。
     */
    public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
         */
        public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
         * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
         * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
         * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
         * 获取并忽略执行者*会立即执行的下一个任务(如果一个任务立即可用),
         * 然后重试任务r的执行,除非执行者*被关闭,在这种情况下,任务r会被丢弃。
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                e.getQueue().poll();
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }
    }

分析:

如代码,先将阻塞队列中的头元素出队抛弃,再尝试提交任务。如果此时阻塞队列使用PriorityBlockingQueue优先级队列,将会导致优先级最高的任务被抛弃,因此不建议将该种策略配合优先级队列使用。

自定义策略

看完发现默认的几个拒绝策略并不是特别的友好,那么可不可以咱们自己搞个呢?

可以发现,所有的拒绝策略都是实现了 RejectedExecutionHandler 接口

public interface RejectedExecutionHandler {

    /**
     * Method that may be invoked by a {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} when
     * {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#execute execute} cannot accept a
     * task.  This may occur when no more threads or queue slots are
     * available because their bounds would be exceeded, or upon
     * shutdown of the Executor.
     *
     * <p>In the absence of other alternatives, the method may throw
     * an unchecked {@link RejectedExecutionException}, which will be
     * propagated to the caller of {@code execute}.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param executor the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if there is no remedy
     */
    void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor);
}

这个接口只有一个 rejectedExecution 方法。

r 为待执行任务;executor 为线程池;方法可能会抛出拒绝异常。

那么咱们就可以通过实现 RejectedExecutionHandler 接口扩展

两个栗子:一

netty自己实现的线程池里面私有的一个拒绝策略。单独启动一个新的临时线程来执行任务。

  private static final class NewThreadRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
            try {
                final Thread t = new Thread(r, "Temporary task executor");
                t.start();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                throw new RejectedExecutionException(
                        "Failed to start a new thread", e);
            }
        }
    }

两个栗子:二

dubbo的一个例子,它直接继承的 AbortPolicy ,加强了日志输出,并且输出dump文件

public class AbortPolicyWithReport extends ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy {
    @Override
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        String msg = String.format("Thread pool is EXHAUSTED!" +
                        " Thread Name: %s, Pool Size: %d (active: %d, core: %d, max: %d, largest: %d), Task: %d (completed: %d)," +
                        " Executor status:(isShutdown:%s, isTerminated:%s, isTerminating:%s), in %s://%s:%d!",
                threadName, e.getPoolSize(), e.getActiveCount(), e.getCorePoolSize(), e.getMaximumPoolSize(), e.getLargestPoolSize(),
                e.getTaskCount(), e.getCompletedTaskCount(), e.isShutdown(), e.isTerminated(), e.isTerminating(),
                url.getProtocol(), url.getIp(), url.getPort());
        logger.warn(msg);
        dumpJStack();
        throw new RejectedExecutionException(msg);
    }
}

自己玩

参考类似的思路,最简单的做法,我们可以直接定义一个RejectedExecutionHandler,当队列满时改为调用BlockingQueue.put来实现生产者的阻塞:

 new RejectedExecutionHandler() {
            @Override
            public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
                if (!executor.isShutdown()) {
                    try {
                        executor.getQueue().put(r);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // should not be interrupted
                    }
                }
            }
        };

这样,我们就无需再关心Queue和Consumer的逻辑,只要把精力集中在生产者和消费者线程的实现逻辑上,只管往线程池提交任务就行了。

相比最初的设计,这种方式的代码量能减少不少,而且能避免并发环境的很多问题。当然,你也可以采用另外的手段,例如在提交时采用信号量做入口限制等,但是如果仅仅是要让生产者阻塞,那就显得复杂了。

总结

四种线程池拒绝策略,具体使用哪种策略,还得根据实际业务场景才能做出抉择。

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