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PhotoSwipe入门(2)

太叔高义
2023-12-01

原文地址,点击直达,阅读效果更佳

开始之前

  • PhotoSwipe不像jquery插件那样简单。你需要有一些javascript基础。
  • PhotoSwipe需要预定义图片的尺寸(more about this
  • 如果你在非响应式网站上使用PhotoSwipe,控制器将会被缩放(基于整个页面缩放)。因此你需要自己实现控制器(如右上角的关闭按钮)
  • 插件中的所有代码是原汁原味的js并且支持IE8及其以上。如果你的网站或应用使用一些javascript框架(如jQuery或MooTools)或你不需要支持老的浏览器,你可以自由的简化插件代码。
  • 避免为移动设备提供大的图片(大于2000X1500px),它们会非常灵异的降低动画性能,更有甚,会引起崩溃,特别是在IOS系统上的safari浏览器上。解决方案:提供响应式图片或在单独的页面打开图片或使用支持图片响应的库(像 Leaflet
  • 更多问题,请参照快问快答页面(more in FAQ

初始化

第一步:引入JS和CSS文件

你可以在 dist 目录 或 Github仓库 中找到他们。sass 和 编译后的js文件在src目录下,如果你对默认的UI样式或代码结构或注释不满意,我推荐你使用sass

<!-- Core CSS file -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="path/to/photoswipe.css"> 

<!-- Skin CSS file (styling of UI - buttons, caption, etc.)
     In the folder of skin CSS file there are also:
     - .png and .svg icons sprite, 
     - preloader.gif (for browsers that do not support CSS animations) -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="path/to/default-skin/default-skin.css"> 

<!-- Core JS file -->
<script src="path/to/photoswipe.min.js"></script> 

<!-- UI JS file -->
<script src="path/to/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script> 

不管你怎么引入或在什么地方JS和CSS文件,代码执行仅仅需要new PhotoSwipe(),所以,你可以在你需要的时候加载文件。

PhotoSwipe也支持AMD加载方式(如:RequireJS)和CommonJS,你可以像下面这样使用他们:

require([
	'path/to/photoswipe.js',
	'path/to/photoswipe-ui-default.js',
],function(PhotoSwipe, PhotoSwipeUI_default){
 	//var gallery = new PhotoSwipe( someElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default ...
    //    gallery.init() 
    //      ...
})

你也可以通过Bower(bower install photoswipe)或NPM(npm install photoswipe)安装PhotoSwipe

第二步:添加PhotoSwipe(.pswp)元素到DOM结构中

你可以通过js动态的添加HTML代码(在PhotoSwipe初始化之前),或在页面加载的时候,就把photoswipe(.pswp)元素写在页面中随页面一起加载。这段代码可以在任何地方添加,比较理想的是放在body元素中。你可以在多个画廊中使用这段代码,但是必须保证有相同的CSSclass

<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                      <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> 
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

pswp__bg,pswp__scroll-wrap,pswp__container,pswp__item元素的顺序不许改变。

你可能会问:为什么PhotoSwipe不能动态的添加这段代码
原因也很简单:缩减文件大小,你可能会更改一些布局。

第三步:插件初始化

执行PhotoSwipe构造函数,它接收四个参数:

  1. 第二步中.pswp元素必须添加到DOM中
  2. 提供PhotoSwipeUI class。如果你引入了photoswipe-ui-default.js,那么UI类将会是PhotoSwipeUI_Default。否则是false
  3. 包含对象的数组(slides)
  4. options
var pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];

// build items array
var items = [
    {
        src: 'https://placekitten.com/600/400',
        w: 600,
        h: 400
    },
    {
        src: 'https://placekitten.com/1200/900',
        w: 1200,
        h: 900
    }
];

// define options (if needed)
var options = {
    // optionName: 'option value'
    // for example:
    index: 0 // start at first slide
};

// Initializes and opens PhotoSwipe
var gallery = new PhotoSwipe( pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, options);
gallery.init();

然后,就出效果了,如下,你可全屏查看效果:

如果仅仅为了用而用,那么到此就不用继续向下看了

Array(数组) of Slide Objects

数组中的每个对象应该包含slide数据。它可以是你希望展示在PhotoSwipe中的任何东西。
像:图片地址,标题,分享条目,评论等

默认情况下PhotoSwipe使用5个属性:

  • src: 图片的地址
  • w:图片宽度
  • h:图片高度
  • msrc:小图片地址占位符
  • html:自定义html(more about this

在图片导航过程中,PhotoSwipe会自添加属性到这个 slide 对象上(如:minZoom,loaded)

var slides = [

    // slide 1
    {

        src: 'path/to/image1.jpg', // path to image
        w: 1024, // image width
        h: 768, // image height

        msrc: 'path/to/small-image.jpg', // small image placeholder,
                        // main (large) image loads on top of it,
                        // if you skip this parameter - grey rectangle will be displayed,
                        // try to define this property only when small image was loaded before



        title: 'Image Caption'  // used by Default PhotoSwipe UI
                                // if you skip it, there won't be any caption


        // You may add more properties here and use them.
        // For example, demo gallery uses "author" property, which is used in the caption.
        // author: 'John Doe'

    },

    // slide 2
    {
        src: 'path/to/image2.jpg', 
        w: 600, 
        h: 600

        // etc.
    }

    // etc.

];

在PhotoSwipe使用数据之前,你可以直接的动态地定义每个slide属性。使用gettingData事件,关于这部分更多请移步到API Section of docs。例如:你可以使用这种技术为不同的屏幕提供不同尺寸的图片

如何构建一个数组的幻灯片链接列表

假设你有一个链接列表/缩略图是这样的:关于画廊标签的更多信息,SEO优化

<div class="my-gallery" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery">

    <figure itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject">
        <a href="large-image.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" data-size="600x400">
            <img src="small-image.jpg" itemprop="thumbnail" alt="Image description" />
        </a>
        <figcaption itemprop="caption description">Image caption</figcaption>
    </figure>

    <figure itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject">
        <a href="large-image.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" data-size="600x400">
            <img src="small-image.jpg" itemprop="thumbnail" alt="Image description" />
        </a>
        <figcaption itemprop="caption description">Image caption</figcaption>
    </figure>


</div>

如果你需要点击缩略图打开大图片图库

你需要做到如下几点:

  1. 把链接/缩略图与click事件绑定
  2. 用户点击缩略图后,获取缩略图的索引值
  3. 创建幻灯片对象数组。遍历DOM元素获取所有的链接和检索 href 属性(大型图像url), data-size属性, 缩略图的 src 和标题。

PhotoSwipe不会关心你如何做到上面这些。如果你使用jQuery库或MooTools库,又或者你不需要支持IE8,那么代码将会极其简洁。
下面是原生js实现的,支持IE8:

var initPhotoSwipeFromDOM = function(gallerySelector) {

    // parse slide data (url, title, size ...) from DOM elements 
    // (children of gallerySelector)
    var parseThumbnailElements = function(el) {
        var thumbElements = el.childNodes,
            numNodes = thumbElements.length,
            items = [],
            figureEl,
            linkEl,
            size,
            item;

        for(var i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {

            figureEl = thumbElements[i]; // <figure> element

            // include only element nodes 
            if(figureEl.nodeType !== 1) {
                continue;
            }

            linkEl = figureEl.children[0]; // <a> element

            size = linkEl.getAttribute('data-size').split('x');

            // create slide object
            item = {
                src: linkEl.getAttribute('href'),
                w: parseInt(size[0], 10),
                h: parseInt(size[1], 10)
            };



            if(figureEl.children.length > 1) {
                // <figcaption> content
                item.title = figureEl.children[1].innerHTML; 
            }

            if(linkEl.children.length > 0) {
                // <img> thumbnail element, retrieving thumbnail url
                item.msrc = linkEl.children[0].getAttribute('src');
            } 

            item.el = figureEl; // save link to element for getThumbBoundsFn
            items.push(item);
        }

        return items;
    };

    // find nearest parent element
    var closest = function closest(el, fn) {
        return el && ( fn(el) ? el : closest(el.parentNode, fn) );
    };

    // triggers when user clicks on thumbnail
    var onThumbnailsClick = function(e) {
        e = e || window.event;
        e.preventDefault ? e.preventDefault() : e.returnValue = false;

        var eTarget = e.target || e.srcElement;

        // find root element of slide
        var clickedListItem = closest(eTarget, function(el) {
            return (el.tagName && el.tagName.toUpperCase() === 'FIGURE');
        });

        if(!clickedListItem) {
            return;
        }

        // find index of clicked item by looping through all child nodes
        // alternatively, you may define index via data- attribute
        var clickedGallery = clickedListItem.parentNode,
            childNodes = clickedListItem.parentNode.childNodes,
            numChildNodes = childNodes.length,
            nodeIndex = 0,
            index;

        for (var i = 0; i < numChildNodes; i++) {
            if(childNodes[i].nodeType !== 1) { 
                continue; 
            }

            if(childNodes[i] === clickedListItem) {
                index = nodeIndex;
                break;
            }
            nodeIndex++;
        }



        if(index >= 0) {
            // open PhotoSwipe if valid index found
            openPhotoSwipe( index, clickedGallery );
        }
        return false;
    };

    // parse picture index and gallery index from URL (#&pid=1&gid=2)
    var photoswipeParseHash = function() {
        var hash = window.location.hash.substring(1),
        params = {};

        if(hash.length < 5) {
            return params;
        }

        var vars = hash.split('&');
        for (var i = 0; i < vars.length; i++) {
            if(!vars[i]) {
                continue;
            }
            var pair = vars[i].split('=');  
            if(pair.length < 2) {
                continue;
            }           
            params[pair[0]] = pair[1];
        }

        if(params.gid) {
            params.gid = parseInt(params.gid, 10);
        }

        return params;
    };

    var openPhotoSwipe = function(index, galleryElement, disableAnimation, fromURL) {
        var pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0],
            gallery,
            options,
            items;

        items = parseThumbnailElements(galleryElement);

        // define options (if needed)
        options = {

            // define gallery index (for URL)
            galleryUID: galleryElement.getAttribute('data-pswp-uid'),

            getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) {
                // See Options -> getThumbBoundsFn section of documentation for more info
                var thumbnail = items[index].el.getElementsByTagName('img')[0], // find thumbnail
                    pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop,
                    rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect(); 

                return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width};
            }

        };

        // PhotoSwipe opened from URL
        if(fromURL) {
            if(options.galleryPIDs) {
                // parse real index when custom PIDs are used 
                // http://photoswipe.com/documentation/faq.html#custom-pid-in-url
                for(var j = 0; j < items.length; j++) {
                    if(items[j].pid == index) {
                        options.index = j;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // in URL indexes start from 1
                options.index = parseInt(index, 10) - 1;
            }
        } else {
            options.index = parseInt(index, 10);
        }

        // exit if index not found
        if( isNaN(options.index) ) {
            return;
        }

        if(disableAnimation) {
            options.showAnimationDuration = 0;
        }

        // Pass data to PhotoSwipe and initialize it
        gallery = new PhotoSwipe( pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, options);
        gallery.init();
    };

    // loop through all gallery elements and bind events
    var galleryElements = document.querySelectorAll( gallerySelector );

    for(var i = 0, l = galleryElements.length; i < l; i++) {
        galleryElements[i].setAttribute('data-pswp-uid', i+1);
        galleryElements[i].onclick = onThumbnailsClick;
    }

    // Parse URL and open gallery if it contains #&pid=3&gid=1
    var hashData = photoswipeParseHash();
    if(hashData.pid && hashData.gid) {
        openPhotoSwipe( hashData.pid ,  galleryElements[ hashData.gid - 1 ], true, true );
    }
};

// execute above function
initPhotoSwipeFromDOM('.my-gallery');

Example on CodePen (focus & history options are disabled due to embed issues):

提示:你可能需要从CodePen下载例子在本地跑一跑。(Edit on CodePen -> Share -> Export .zip))

  • 如果你需要使用不同的标签(自定义UI界面),那么你需要编辑功能函数parseThumbnailElements
  • 如果你对原生js经验不足或不知道如何解析DOM,请参考:quirksmodedocumentation on MDN.
  • IE8不支持html5标签<figure><figcation>元素。你需要在<head>标签中引入html5shiv,如下:
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
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