spring-boot-starter-test

1.约定

单元测试代码写在src/test/java目录下
单元测试类命名为*Test，前缀为要测试的类名

2. 使用mock方式单元测试

Spring测试框架提供MockMvc对象，可以在不需要客户端-服务端请求的情况下进行MVC测试，完全在服务端这边就可以执行Controller的请求，跟启动了测试服务器一样。
测试开始之前需要建立测试环境，setup方法被@Before修饰。通过MockMvcBuilders工具，使用WebApplicationContext对象作为参数，创建一个MockMvc对象。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)//这里的Application是springboot的启动类名 @WebAppConfiguration public class StyleControllerTest { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext context; private MockMvc mockMvc; private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); @Before public void setupMockMvc() throws Exception { mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build(); } @Test public void testSend() throws Exception { Long id =1l; //调用接口，传入添加的用户参数 mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/style/listStyleById") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8) .content(mapper.writeValueAsString(id))) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()); } } 

3. 使用Feign方式单元测试

以下是Feign接口的单元测试示例，启动项目，可以测试本jar提供的服务，不启动服务，改为远程服务地址，可以测试远程jar提供的服务
其中

@EnableFeignClients(clients = UserControllerTest.UserServiceFeignClient.class)

类似我们实际应用调用相关服务一样。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = UserControllerTest.class)
@Import({ FeignAutoConfiguration.class, HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration.class }) @EnableFeignClients(clients = UserControllerTest.UserServiceFeignClient.class) public class UserControllerTest { @FeignClient(value = "loan-server", url = "http://localhost:9070/") public interface UserServiceFeignClient extends UserServiceClient { } @Autowired private UserServiceFeignClient userServiceFeignClient; @Test public void getUser() { User user = userServiceFeignClient.getSDKUserById(1); System.out.println(user); } } 

4. 使用Http Rest API 单元测试

使用RestTemplate发起GET或POST请求，其中@SpringBootTest这两行注释掉就不启动SpringBoot容器直接进行远程调用测试

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class LoanControllerTest { private final static String url = "http://localhost:9070/"; private static RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); @Test public void test(){ ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url + "/loan/getLoanById?id=1" , HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity(null), String.class); System.out.println("result: " + response.getBody()); } }