Apache负载均衡实践

端木权

2023-12-01

1、环境

一台Apache软件、一个SpringBoot的jar包web项目（分别用三个端口启动jar包，分别为8081、8082/8083）

2、配置httpd.conf、httpd-vhosts.conf

一、Apache下载安装：

Apache 下载：建议从官网下载http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
安装方法参照http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/29697b912f6539ab20de3cf8.html
安装的时候若出现：(OS 5)拒绝访问。 : AH00369: Failed to open the WinNT service manager…。可查看此链接http://blog.csdn.net/u010544319/article/details/8938491。
之前在网上找到的配置方法一般是需要安装mod_jk，配置worker.properties的，这种方法是早期的apache的配置方式。现在的2.4.25已经集成了mod_jk,不需要安装mod_jk配置worker.properties了,简单了很多。
也可以参考该链接https://blog.csdn.net/mikasoi/article/details/80976425

二、配置Apache：

找到Apache2.4安装目录下面的httpd.conf 我的路径是：D:\Apache24\conf，第38行要修改成自己安装的目录 Define SRVROOT “D:\Apache24”，第60行修改端口，因为80的端口容易被占，Listen 8088，第222行也要对应修改，ServerName localhost:8088。

打开mod加载的注释，共6个：

第141行 mod_proxy 提供HTTP/1.1的代理/网关功能支持
142行 mod_proxy_ajp mod_proxy的扩展，提供Apache JServ Protocol支持
143行 mod_proxy_balancer mod_proxy的扩展，提供负载均衡支持
144行 mod_proxy_connect mod_proxy的扩展，提供对处理HTTP CONNECT方法的支持
147行 mod_proxy_ftp mod_proxy的FTP支持模块
149行 mod_proxy_http mod_proxy的HTTP支持模块

第499行 Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf，把这行的注释去掉，引入这个配置文件
修改httpd-vhosts.conf文件路径：D:\Apache24\conf\extra
添加如下代码，实现均衡分配

httpd-vhosts.conf文件末尾添加如下配置：

ProxyRequests Off

<Proxy balancer://proxy>
    BalancerMember http://localhost:8081/
    BalancerMember http://localhost:8082/
	BalancerMember http://localhost:8083/
	ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
</Proxy>

<VirtualHost localhost:80>
    #这个端口号要与httpd.conf的listen端口一致，网上的教程都是不一致的，我的试验是要一致才可以。
    ServerAdmin 3002885095@qq.com
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAlias localhost
    ProxyPass / balancer://proxy/ stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=off
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://proxy
	ErrorLog "logs/error.log"
</VirtualHost>

启动apche-
```
httpd.exe -w -n "apache" -k start
```

启动报错，查看logs/error.log文件，发现问题如下：

The 'apache' service is running.
 [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01887: Init: Initializing (virtual) servers for SSL
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.337018 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01914: Configuring server servertwo.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.354001 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH02568: Certificate and private key servertwo.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.354001 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01914: Configuring server serverone.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.364943 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH02568: Certificate and private key serverone.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.365941 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01914: Configuring server localhost:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.366938 2019] [ssl:warn] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.366938 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH02568: Certificate and private key localhost:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.366938 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01876: mod_ssl/2.4.39 compiled against Server: Apache/2.4.39, Library: OpenSSL/1.0.2s
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.514543 2019] [core:warn] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH00098: pid file F:/Apache/logs/httpd.pid overwritten -- Unclean shutdown of previous Apache run?
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.596346 2019] [socache_shmcb:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH00830: Shared memory socache initialised
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.596346 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01887: Init: Initializing (virtual) servers for SSL
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.596346 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01914: Configuring server servertwo.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.596346 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH02568: Certificate and private key servertwo.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.596346 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01914: Configuring server serverone.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.597322 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH02568: Certificate and private key serverone.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.597322 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01914: Configuring server localhost:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.597322 2019] [ssl:warn] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.597322 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH02568: Certificate and private key localhost:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.598320 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01876: mod_ssl/2.4.39 compiled against Server: Apache/2.4.39, Library: OpenSSL/1.0.2s
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.598320 2019] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[Fri Aug 02 20:48:39.598320 2019] [:emerg] [pid 8388:tid 692] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting

找到对应的错误信息，发现mod_slotmem_shm 这个模块没有加载，在httpd.conf中找到该模块，去掉注释

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

再次启动，失败，查看error.log信息

The 'apache' service is running.
 [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01887: Init: Initializing (virtual) servers for SSL
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.614365 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01914: Configuring server servertwo.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.614365 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02568: Certificate and private key servertwo.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.614365 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01914: Configuring server serverone.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.615361 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02568: Certificate and private key serverone.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.615361 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01914: Configuring server localhost:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.615361 2019] [ssl:warn] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.615361 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02568: Certificate and private key localhost:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.616358 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01876: mod_ssl/2.4.39 compiled against Server: Apache/2.4.39, Library: OpenSSL/1.0.2s
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.758977 2019] [core:warn] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH00098: pid file F:/Apache/logs/httpd.pid overwritten -- Unclean shutdown of previous Apache run?
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.884641 2019] [socache_shmcb:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH00830: Shared memory socache initialised
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.884641 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01887: Init: Initializing (virtual) servers for SSL
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.884641 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01914: Configuring server servertwo.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.885639 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02568: Certificate and private key servertwo.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/servertwo.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.885639 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01914: Configuring server serverone.tld:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.885639 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02568: Certificate and private key serverone.tld:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/serverone.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.885639 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01914: Configuring server localhost:443 for SSL protocol
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.886636 2019] [ssl:warn] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.886636 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02568: Certificate and private key localhost:443:0 configured from F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.crt and F:/Apache/conf/ssl/server.key
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.886636 2019] [ssl:info] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH01876: mod_ssl/2.4.39 compiled against Server: Apache/2.4.39, Library: OpenSSL/1.0.2s
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.893618 2019] [proxy:crit] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH02432: Cannot find LB Method: byrequests
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.893618 2019] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 20404:tid 564] (22)Invalid argument: AH01183: Cannot share balancer
[Fri Aug 02 20:49:33.893618 2019] [:emerg] [pid 20404:tid 564] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
Starting the 'apache' service

总结意思就是少了byrequests相应的模块，于是在httpd.conf开启该模块相关的配置

#打开该配置
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so

三次启动，启动正常。

我的httpd.conf配置文件

#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log"
# with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the
# server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log" 
# will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'.
#
# NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes
# instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:\apache").
# If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which httpd.exe is located
# will be used by default.  It is recommended that you always supply
# an explicit drive letter in absolute paths to avoid confusion.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#

Define SRVROOT "F:/Apache"
ServerRoot "${SRVROOT}"

#
# Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory
# for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults
#
# Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default
# mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some
# other reason.
#
# Mutex default:logs

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
#LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so
LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
#LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so
#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
#LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.so
#LoadModule authnz_fcgi_module modules/mod_authnz_fcgi.so
#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
#LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.so
#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
#LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so
#LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
#LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so
#LoadModule data_module modules/mod_data.so
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
#LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so
#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so
#LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so
#LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
#LoadModule heartbeat_module modules/mod_heartbeat.so
#LoadModule heartmonitor_module modules/mod_heartmonitor.so
#LoadModule http2_module modules/mod_http2.so
#LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
#LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so
#打开该配置
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so
#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
#LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so
#LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
#LoadModule lua_module modules/mod_lua.so
#LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.so
#LoadModule md_module modules/mod_md.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so
#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_html_module modules/mod_proxy_html.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
#LoadModule proxy_http2_module modules/mod_proxy_http2.so
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so
#LoadModule proxy_uwsgi_module modules/mod_proxy_uwsgi.so
#LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so
#LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.so
#LoadModule reflector_module modules/mod_reflector.so
#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so
#LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so
#LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
#LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so
#LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so
#LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so
#LoadModule session_crypto_module modules/mod_session_crypto.so
#LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
#LoadModule slotmem_plain_module modules/mod_slotmem_plain.so
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
#LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so
#LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so
#LoadModule socache_redis_module modules/mod_socache_redis.so
LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
#LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
#LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
#LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so
#LoadModule xml2enc_module modules/mod_xml2enc.so

<IfModule unixd_module>
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User daemon
Group daemon

</IfModule>

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin admin@example.com

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName localhost:80

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other 
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"
<Directory "${SRVROOT}/htdocs">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error.log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel info

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access.log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<IfModule cgid_module>
    #
    # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
    # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
    #
    #Scriptsock logs/cgisock
</IfModule>

#
# "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig conf/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddType text/html .shtml
    #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
#MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before
# returning the entire resource, or one of the special
# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.
# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.
#MaxRanges unlimited

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile on

#AcceptFilter http none
#AcceptFilter https none

# Supplemental configuration
#
# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be 
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of 
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as 
# necessary.

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

# Multi-language error messages
#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

# Fancy directory listings
Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

# Language settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf

# User home directories
#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

# Real-time info on requests and configuration
Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf

# Virtual hosts
 Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf

# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf

# Various default settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

# Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1
<IfModule proxy_html_module>
Include conf/extra/httpd-proxy-html.conf
</IfModule>

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
# Note: The following must must be present to support
#       starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
#       but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
#
<IfModule ssl_module>
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-ahssl.conf
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>
<IfModule http2_module>
    ProtocolsHonorOrder On
    Protocols h2 h2c http/1.1
</IfModule>

#在这里讲一讲热备份吧，热备份的实现很简单，只需添加 status=+H 属性，就可以把某台服务器指     #定为备份服务器，当其他服务器正常的时候，请求不会被分到这台机器，只有当其他机器当了，
#才会把请求分配到这台机。配置如下：
#ProxyPass / balancer://proxy/

我的httpd-vhosts.conf配置文件

#
# Virtual Hosts
#
# If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your
# machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations
# use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about
# IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below.
#
# Please see the documentation at 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/vhosts/>
# for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts.
#
# You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host
# configuration.

#
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#

#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#

# NOTE 
# First Virtual Host MUST be a shallow duplicate of the main host 
# in httpd.conf. It will become the default host. Any request coming
# in that does not match any other VirtualHost's ServerName will be
# served by this host.

<VirtualHost _default_:80>
DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"
#ServerName www.example.com:80
</VirtualHost>

# Add any other Virtual Hosts below

#<VirtualHost *:80>
#    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
#    DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
#    ServerName dummy-host.example.com
#    ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common
#</VirtualHost>

#<VirtualHost *:80>
#    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
#    DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
#    ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"
#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common
#</VirtualHost>

#以下为我添加的配置信息
ProxyRequests Off

<Proxy balancer://proxy>
    BalancerMember http://localhost:8081/
    BalancerMember http://localhost:8082/
	BalancerMember http://localhost:8083/
	ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
</Proxy>

<VirtualHost localhost:80>
    #这个端口号要与httpd.conf的listen端口一致，网上的教程都是不一致的，我的试验是要一致才可以。
    ServerAdmin 3002885095@qq.com
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAlias localhost
    ProxyPass / balancer://proxy/ stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=off
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://proxy
	ErrorLog "logs/error.log"
</VirtualHost>

3、普通web工程Apache集成tomcat的参考如下链接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/jimloveq/p/10609476.html
apache集成tomcat

Apache负载均衡实践

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