ubuntu8.04上搭建uClinux编译开发环境并用skyeye仿真
今天装skyeye遇到了问题，装完以后和视频上给的不一样，但看了一位网友的博客后才确认自己装的是对的，下面是我加了一点注解，修改了些链接，大部分还是借鉴了网友的，感谢～～～
<1>arm-elf-tools-20040427无法完成对uClinx-dist-20070130的编译,推荐用arm- uclinux-tools尝试，或者用arm-elf-tools-20040427对uClinux-dist-20040408进行编译。（我选择的是编译uclinux－disk－20040408）
<2>另外arm-linux-gcc与arm-elf-gcc的区别:arm-linux-gcc是针对arm+linux的开发环境 的，kernel使用的是linux，不是uclinux，arm是有硬件MMU的，而arm-elf-gcc是针对没有MMU的arm+uclinux 的开发环境，kernel使用的是uclinux，硬件是廉价的无MMU的arm芯片
1.系统环境:
ubuntu8.04
2.准备工作:
<1>arm-linux-gcc（我是从另一本书里的光盘安装的，很长时间了，没有的朋友从下面下，链接未验证现在是否有效）
下载地址:ARM Linux
ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/pub/armlinux/toolchain/ arm-linux-gcc版本2.95.3, 3.0和3.2
Handhelds.org
ftp.handhelds.org/projects/toolchain/ arm-linux-gcc 版本3.3.2和3.4.1
ELDK 4.1
ftp.denx.de/pub/eldk/4.1/ arm-linux-gcc版本4.0.0
<2>arm-elf-tools(arm-elf-tools-20030314.sh/arm-elf-tools-20040427.sh)
下载地址: http://opensrc.sec.samsung.com/download.html（在页面的最下方）
<3>arm-uclinux-tools
下载地址: http://opensrc.sec.samsung.com/download.html (也在下方，但我做得时候貌似没用着阿，晕)
<4>uClinux-dist(20040408.tar.gz)
下载地址: http://www.uclinux.org/pub/uClinux/dist/ （我是从这下的）
<5>skyeye,skyeye-testsuits,skyeye-with-gdb
下载地址: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=85554 （我从这下的）
3.搭建过程:
以下操作均在root用户下进行（在每个命令前加sudo）
(1)首先安装交叉编译工具链arm-elf-tools-20040427.sh
#./arm-elf-tools-20040427.sh
即可安装成功
如出现错误提示如下：
tail: 无法打开 “+43” 读取数据: 没有那个文件或目录 （我的就出现了这个问题，别急，往下看）
gunzip: stdin: not in gzip format
按如下步骤操作：
#tail -n+43 arm-elf-tools-20040427.sh >> arm-elf-tools.tar.gz
#tar vxzf arm-elf-tools.tar.gz
即可得到文件夹usr，然后复制或移动它到/目录下
#cp -r usr /
如出现提示无法覆盖/local/man，如下操作：
#cp -r usr/local/man /usr/share/
(2)测试交叉编译是否安装成功
创建Hello.c内容如下:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello!This is Embedded Linux!");
return 0;
}
编译如下:
#arm-elf-gcc -Wl,-elf2flt -o Hello Hello.c
#ls
Hello Hello.c Hello.gdb
可以看到编译生成BFLT格式的Hello（可用file Hello命令查看）和Hello.gdb表示编译成功
(3)安装skyeye （原帖有三种，我都试了，这里只推荐比较舒服的安装方法）
<1>一个简单的方法是在ubuntu8.04的新立得软件包管理器中搜索skyeye,可以看到有skyeye-1.2.3，安装即可
<2>或者用命令#sudo apt-get install skyeye
(3)测试skyeye是否安装成功
#skyeye
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
big_endian is false.
Failed to open skyeye config file skyeye.conf in the same directory
error: No such file or directory
------------------------- SkyEye -V1.2 ---------------------------
Usage: SkyEye [options] -e program [program args]
Default mode is STANDALONE mode
------------------------------------------------------------------
Options:
-e exec-file the (ELF executable format)kernel file name.
-l load_address,load_address_mask
Load ELF file to another address, not its entry.
-b specify the data type is big endian when non "-e" option.
-d in GDB Server mode (can be connected by GDB).
-c config-file the skyeye configure file name.
-h The SkyEye command options, and ARCHs and CPUs simulated.
------------------------------------------------------------------
----------- Architectures and CPUs simulated by SkyEye-------------
-------- ARM architectures ---------
at91
lpc
s3c4510b
s3c44b0x
s3c44b0
s3c3410x
ep7312
lh79520
ep9312
cs89712
sa1100
pxa_lubbock
pxa_mainstone
at91rm92
s3c2410x
s3c2440
sharp_lh7a400
ns9750
lpc2210
ps7500
integrator
-------- BlackFin architectures ----
bf533
出现如上即安装成功
如果没有出现上述情形，可检查一下环境变量
(5)测试skyeye-testsuite-2.3.tar.bz2
#tar vxjf skyeye-testsuite-2.3.tar.bz2
#cd skyeye-testsuite-2.3
#ls
linux rtems u-boot uClinux
#cd uClinux
#ls
at91 bf533 exec_skyeye_dbct.sh s3c3410x s3c4510
auto_test coldfire-5249 exec_skyeye.sh s3c44b0x test_report_2007-11-15
#cd at91
#ls
at91_with_framebuffer_touchscreen uclinux_cs8900a
linux-2.6.x uclinux_rtl8019
找一个测试一下吧
#cd uclinux_cs8900a
#ls
linux romfs.img skyeye.conf skyeye_dbct.conf
#skyeye -e linux
big_endian is false.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv3, arm7tdmi, 41007700, fff8ff00, 0
mach info: name at91, mach_init addr 0x8057550
ethmod num=1, mac addr=0:0:0:0:0:0, hostip=10.0.0.1
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm7100 mmu ops
Loaded ROM ./romfs.img
start addr is set to 0x01000000 by exec file.
Linux version 2.4.27-uc1 (skyeyeuser@debian) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)(ColdFire patches - 20010318 from http://fiddes.net/coldfire/)(uClinux XIP and shared lib patches from http://www.snapgear.com/)) #3 Tue Aug 9 18:57:29 CST 2005
Processor: Atmel AT91M40xxx revision 0
Architecture: EB01
On node 0 totalpages: 1024
zone(0): 0 pages.
zone(1): 1024 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: root=/dev/rom0
Calibrating delay loop... 15.82 BogoMIPS
Memory: 4MB = 4MB total
Memory: 2916KB available (903K code, 178K data, 40K init)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Inode cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd
Atmel USART driver version 0.99
ttyS0 at 0xfffd0000 (irq = 2) is a builtin Atmel APB USART
ttyS1 at 0xfffcc000 (irq = 3) is a builtin Atmel APB USART
Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne
Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski
Blkmem 1 disk images:
0: 1400000-1512BFF [VIRTUAL 1400000-1512BFF] (RO)
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (V0.02)
eth0: CS8900A rev D detected
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512)
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
VFS: Mounted root (romfs filesystem) readonly.
Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc
Command: hostname GDB-ARMulator
Command: /bin/expand /etc/ramfs.img /dev/ram0
Command: mount -t proc proc /proc
mount: /etc/mtab: Read-only file system
Command: mount -t ext2 /dev/ram0 /var
mount: /etc/mtab: Read-only file system
Command: mkdir /var/tmp
Command: mkdir /var/log
Command: mkdir /var/run
Command: mkdir /var/lock
Command: mkdir /var/empty
Command: cat /etc/motd
Welcome to
____ _ _
/ __| ||_|
_ _| | | | _ ____ _ _ _ _
| | | | | | || | _ /| | | |/ // /
| |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/ /
| ___/____|_||_|_| |_|/____|/_//_/
| |
|_|
GDB/ARMulator support by <davidm@snapgear.com>
For further information check:
http://www.uclinux.org/
Command: /bin/ifconfig eth0 up 10.0.0.2
Execution Finished, Exiting
Sash command shell (version 1.1.1)
/>
看到如上情形，运行成功
ctrl+c退出到#
(6)编译uClinux内核
#tar vxzf uClinux-dist-20040408.tar.gz
生成文件夹uClinux-dist,将其移动到/usr/src/
#mv uClinux-dist /usr/src/
然后进入uClinux-dist下
#cd /usr/src/uClinux-dist/
<1>菜单界面配置
#make menuconfig
选择如下:
--- Select the Vendor you wish to target
(GDB) Vendor
--- Select the Product you wish to target
(ARMulator) GDB Products
(linux-2.4.x) Kernel Version
(uClibc) Libc Version
[ ] Default all settings (lose changes)
[ ] Customize Kernel Settings
[ ] Customize Vendor/User Settings
[ ] Update Default Vendor Settings
然后Esc退出
Do you wish to save your new kernel configuration?
< Yes > < No >
选择yes
如果在make menuconfig后出现错误提示，则需安装libncurses5，在新立得里安装或者
#sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
安装完后再make menuconfig
<2>图形界面配置
#make xconfig
选择同上
如果出现错误提示，则需安装tck，tk两个包，在新立得中安装，也可自己下载后安装，下载地址:
http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/downloadnow85.html
将两个包解压后得到tcl8.5.2,tk8.5.2
#cd tcl8.5.2
#cd unix
#./configure --prefix=/usr/
#make install
同样的方法将tk装上,在/usr/bin下会看到wish8.5,因为make xconfig调用的是wish，所以我们做一个链接
# ln /usr/bin/wish8.5 /usr/bin/wish
然后可以make xconfig
无论你用菜单界面还是图形界面配置成功了，我们就可以编译uClinux的内核了
命令进入uClinux-dist
建立内核依赖关系，只在第一次编译内核时使用
#make dep
~
~
~
经过一段时间，如果没有错，可以进行下一步了,编译内核
#make
完成后可以在/images中看到这么几个文件
image.bin linux.data linux.text romfs.img
用romfs.img生成boot.rom文件系统
#ln -s images/romfs.img boot.rom
在/uClinux-dist就可以得到一个boot.rom
编写skyeye的配置文件，新建文件skyeye.conf，在其加入以下信息:
cpu: arm7tdmi
mach: at91
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x00000000, size=0x00004000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x01000000, size=0x00400000
mem_bank: map=M, type=R, addr=0x01400000, size=0x00400000, file=./boot.rom
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x02000000, size=0x00400000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x02400000, size=0x00008000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x04000000, size=0x00400000
mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0xf0000000, size=0x10000000
完成这一步就可以在skyeye中运行我们编译的内核了
#skyeye -e linux-2.4.x/linux
big_endian is false.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv3, arm7tdmi, 41007700, fff8ff00, 0
mach info: name at91, mach_init addr 0x8057550
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm7100 mmu ops
Loaded ROM ./boot.rom
start addr is set to 0x01000000 by exec file.
Linux version 2.4.24-uc0 (wenwu@wenwu-desktop) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)(ColdFire patches - 20010318 from http://fiddes.net/coldfire/)(uClinux XIP and shared lib patches from http://www.snapgear.com/)) #2 2008年 5月 11日 星期日 9:10:23 CST
Processor: Atmel AT91M40xxx revision 0
Architecture: EB01
On node 0 totalpages: 1024
zone(0): 0 pages.
zone(1): 1024 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: root=/dev/rom0
Calibrating delay loop... 15.82 BogoMIPS
Memory: 4MB = 4MB total
Memory: 2968KB available (850K code, 180K data, 40K init)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Inode cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Buffer cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd
Atmel USART driver version 0.99
ttyS0 at 0xfffd0000 (irq = 2) is a builtin Atmel APB USART
ttyS1 at 0xfffcc000 (irq = 3) is a builtin Atmel APB USART
Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne
Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski
Blkmem 1 disk images:
0: 1400000-14AC3FF [VIRTUAL 1400000-14AC3FF] (RO)
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 512 bind 512)
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
VFS: Mounted root (romfs filesystem) readonly.
Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc
Command: hostname GDB-ARMulator
Command: /bin/expand /etc/ramfs.img /dev/ram0
Command: mount -t proc proc /proc
Command: mount -t ext2 /dev/ram0 /var
Command: mkdir /var/tmp
Command: mkdir /var/log
Command: mkdir /var/run
Command: mkdir /var/lock
Command: mkdir /var/empty
Command: cat /etc/motd
Welcome to
____ _ _
/ __| ||_|
_ _| | | | _ ____ _ _ _ _
| | | | | | || | _ /| | | |/ // /
| |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/ /
| ___/____|_||_|_| |_|/____|/_//_/
| |
|_|
GDB/ARMulator support by <davidm@snapgear.com>
For further information check:
http://www.uclinux.org/
Execution Finished, Exiting
Sash command shell (version 1.1.1)
/>
出现如上情形，运行成功
(7)模拟运行自己的应用程序
找到前面曾编译的程序Hello.c，将编译生成的BFLT格式的Hello（是hello，不是hello.gdb，我刚开始就弄反了）移动到/uClinux-dist/romfs/bin中（注意在shell中用root）
然后重新编译内核
#make
运行
#skyeye -e linux-2.4.x/linux
```
```
```
(省略)
Sash command shell(version 1.1.1)
/>cd bin
/bin>./Hello
Hello!This is Embedded Linux!
/bin>
至此在ubuntu8.04上搭建uClinux编译开发环境并用skyeye进行仿真已经告一段落。
我按照上面的方法弄完了，但无法像视频教程中开两个终端ping，这个我等搞定后再更新