口播神器,基于Edge,微软TTS(text-to-speech)文字转语音免费开源库edge-tts实践(Python3.10)
景岳
不能否认，微软Azure在TTS(text-to-speech文字转语音)这个人工智能细分领域的影响力是统治级的，一如ChatGPT在NLP领域的随心所欲，予取予求。君不见几乎所有的抖音营销号口播均采用微软的语音合成技术，其影响力由此可见一斑，仅有的白璧微瑕之处就是价格略高，虽然国内也可以使用科大讯飞语音合成进行平替，但我们只想要最好的那一个，本次我们使用免费的开源库edge-tts来实现文本转语音操作，薅微软edge的羊毛。
TTS文本转语音基础使用方式
首先安装edge-tts库：
pip3 install edge-tts
安装成功后，直接在终端运行edge-tts命令：
edge-tts
显示帮助菜单即代表安装成功：
➜ Downloads edge-tts
usage: edge-tts [-h] [-t TEXT] [-f FILE] [-v VOICE] [-l] [--rate RATE] [--volume VOLUME] [-O OVERLAPPING]
[--write-media WRITE_MEDIA] [--write-subtitles WRITE_SUBTITLES] [--proxy PROXY]
随后输入命令：
edge-tts --list-voices
该命令可以将Edge浏览器中，内置的语言角色列表列出来：
Name: af-ZA-AdriNeural
Gender: Female
Name: af-ZA-WillemNeural
Gender: Male
Name: am-ET-AmehaNeural
Gender: Male
Name: am-ET-MekdesNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-AE-FatimaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-AE-HamdanNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-BH-AliNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-BH-LailaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-DZ-AminaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-DZ-IsmaelNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-EG-SalmaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-EG-ShakirNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-IQ-BasselNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-IQ-RanaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-JO-SanaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-JO-TaimNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-KW-FahedNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-KW-NouraNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-LB-LaylaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-LB-RamiNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-LY-ImanNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-LY-OmarNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-MA-JamalNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-MA-MounaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-OM-AbdullahNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-OM-AyshaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-QA-AmalNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-QA-MoazNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-SA-HamedNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-SA-ZariyahNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-SY-AmanyNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-SY-LaithNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-TN-HediNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ar-TN-ReemNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-YE-MaryamNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ar-YE-SalehNeural
Gender: Male
Name: az-AZ-BabekNeural
Gender: Male
Name: az-AZ-BanuNeural
Gender: Female
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Name: bg-BG-KalinaNeural
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Gender: Male
Name: bn-IN-BashkarNeural
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
Name: es-GT-AndresNeural
Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
Name: es-HN-CarlosNeural
Gender: Male
Name: es-HN-KarlaNeural
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Gender: Male
Name: es-MX-LorenzoEsCLNeural
Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
Name: fa-IR-FaridNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fi-FI-HarriNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fi-FI-NooraNeural
Gender: Female
Name: fil-PH-AngeloNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fil-PH-BlessicaNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Female
Name: fr-BE-GerardNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fr-CA-AntoineNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fr-CA-JeanNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fr-CA-SylvieNeural
Gender: Female
Name: fr-CH-ArianeNeural
Gender: Female
Name: fr-CH-FabriceNeural
Gender: Male
Name: fr-FR-DeniseNeural
Gender: Female
Name: fr-FR-EloiseNeural
Gender: Female
Name: fr-FR-HenriNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ga-IE-ColmNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ga-IE-OrlaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: gl-ES-RoiNeural
Gender: Male
Name: gl-ES-SabelaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: gu-IN-DhwaniNeural
Gender: Female
Name: gu-IN-NiranjanNeural
Gender: Male
Name: he-IL-AvriNeural
Gender: Male
Name: he-IL-HilaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: hi-IN-MadhurNeural
Gender: Male
Name: hi-IN-SwaraNeural
Gender: Female
Name: hr-HR-GabrijelaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: hr-HR-SreckoNeural
Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Male
Name: id-ID-GadisNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
Name: it-IT-IsabellaNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
Name: ja-JP-NanamiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: jv-ID-DimasNeural
Gender: Male
Name: jv-ID-SitiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ka-GE-EkaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ka-GE-GiorgiNeural
Gender: Male
Name: kk-KZ-AigulNeural
Gender: Female
Name: kk-KZ-DauletNeural
Gender: Male
Name: km-KH-PisethNeural
Gender: Male
Name: km-KH-SreymomNeural
Gender: Female
Name: kn-IN-GaganNeural
Gender: Male
Name: kn-IN-SapnaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ko-KR-InJoonNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ko-KR-SunHiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: lo-LA-ChanthavongNeural
Gender: Male
Name: lo-LA-KeomanyNeural
Gender: Female
Name: lt-LT-LeonasNeural
Gender: Male
Name: lt-LT-OnaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: lv-LV-EveritaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: lv-LV-NilsNeural
Gender: Male
Name: mk-MK-AleksandarNeural
Gender: Male
Name: mk-MK-MarijaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ml-IN-MidhunNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ml-IN-SobhanaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: mn-MN-BataaNeural
Gender: Male
Name: mn-MN-YesuiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: mr-IN-AarohiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: mr-IN-ManoharNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ms-MY-OsmanNeural
Gender: Male
Name: ms-MY-YasminNeural
Gender: Female
Name: mt-MT-GraceNeural
Gender: Female
Name: mt-MT-JosephNeural
Gender: Male
Name: my-MM-NilarNeural
Gender: Female
Name: my-MM-ThihaNeural
Gender: Male
Name: nb-NO-FinnNeural
Gender: Male
Name: nb-NO-PernilleNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ne-NP-HemkalaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: ne-NP-SagarNeural
Gender: Male
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
Name: nl-NL-ColetteNeural
Gender: Female
Name: nl-NL-FennaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: nl-NL-MaartenNeural
Gender: Male
Name: pl-PL-MarekNeural
Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
Name: ps-AF-LatifaNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
Name: pt-BR-FranciscaNeural
Gender: Female
Name: pt-PT-DuarteNeural
Gender: Male
Name: pt-PT-RaquelNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
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Gender: Female
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Gender: Female
Name: zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: zh-CN-YunjianNeural
Gender: Male
Name: zh-CN-YunxiNeural
Gender: Male
Name: zh-CN-YunxiaNeural
Gender: Male
Name: zh-CN-YunyangNeural
Gender: Male
Name: zh-CN-liaoning-XiaobeiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: zh-CN-shaanxi-XiaoniNeural
Gender: Female
Name: zh-HK-HiuGaaiNeural
Gender: Female
Name: zh-HK-HiuMaanNeural
Gender: Female
Name: zh-HK-WanLungNeural
Gender: Male
Name: zh-TW-HsiaoChenNeural
Gender: Female
Name: zh-TW-HsiaoYuNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
Name: zu-ZA-ThandoNeural
Gender: Female
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Gender: Male
一望而知，几乎支持所有主流的通用语，Gender字段为合成语音的性别，Male代表男性，Female代表女性，zh开头的就是中文语音角色，这里以微软的小伊为例子：
edge-tts --voice zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural --text "你好啊，我是智能语音助手" --write-media hello_in_cn.mp3
该命令含义是通过zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural角色合成语音："你好啊，我是智能语音助手"的内容，随后将音频流写入hello_in_cn.mp3文件。
程序返回：
Downloads edge-tts --voice zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural --text "你好啊，我是智能语音助手" --write-media hello_in_cn.mp3
WEBVTT
00:00:00.100 --> 00:00:00.525
你好
00:00:00.525 --> 00:00:00.912
啊
00:00:01.050 --> 00:00:01.238
我
00:00:01.238 --> 00:00:01.375
是
00:00:01.387 --> 00:00:01.700
智能
00:00:01.700 --> 00:00:02.050
语音
00:00:02.062 --> 00:00:02.550
助手
程序会自动将时间轴和语音文本匹配输出，如此一来，连字幕文件也有了，可谓是一举两得，一箭双雕。
与此同时，我们也可以调整合成语音的语速：
edge-tts --rate=-50% --voice zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural --text "你好啊，我是智能语音助手" --write-media hello_in_cn.mp3
–rate参数可以通过加号或者减号同步加快或者减慢合成语音的语速。
亦或者，调整合成语音的音量：
edge-tts --volume=-50% --voice zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural --text "你好啊，我是智能语音助手" --write-media hello_in_cn.mp3
–volume参数可以调整语音的音量。
遗憾的是，和微软Azure官方的语音合成库相比，开源的语音合成库并不支持基于标记语言 (SSML)的语音调优，比如语调、情绪的调整，但这毕竟是免费的，要求也不能太高了。
Python脚本语音合成
除了通过命令进行语音合成，edge-tts也支持在Python脚本，编辑test.py文件：
import asyncio
import edge_tts
TEXT = "你好哟，我是智能语音助手，小伊"
VOICE = "zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural"
OUTPUT_FILE = "/Users/liuyue/Downloads/test.mp3"
async def _main() -> None:
communicate = edge_tts.Communicate(TEXT, VOICE)
await communicate.save(OUTPUT_FILE)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(_main())
这里我们直接通过异步模式调用communicate实例的save方法，就可以并发异步生成语音合成的音频文件，非常方便。
也可以通过语音管理库来自动寻找我们需要的语言：
import asyncio
import random
import edge_tts
from edge_tts import VoicesManager
TEXT = "中文语音测试"
OUTPUT_FILE ="china.mp3"
async def _main() -> None:
voices = await VoicesManager.create()
voice = voices.find(Gender="Female", Language="zh")
communicate = edge_tts.Communicate(TEXT, random.choice(voice)["Name"])
await communicate.save(OUTPUT_FILE)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(_main())
这里通过内置的VoicesManager库来随机挑选中文语音角色完成语音合成操作。
除此之外，也可以通过脚本将语音流和字母同步进行生成：
import asyncio
import edge_tts
TEXT = "这里是语音流测试"
VOICE = "zh-CN-XiaoyiNeural"
OUTPUT_FILE = "test.mp3"
WEBVTT_FILE = "test.vtt"
async def _main() -> None:
communicate = edge_tts.Communicate(TEXT, VOICE)
submaker = edge_tts.SubMaker()
with open(OUTPUT_FILE, "wb") as file:
async for chunk in communicate.stream():
if chunk["type"] == "audio":
file.write(chunk["data"])
elif chunk["type"] == "WordBoundary":
submaker.create_sub((chunk["offset"], chunk["duration"]), chunk["text"])
with open(WEBVTT_FILE, "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
file.write(submaker.generate_subs())
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(_main())
这里异步调用之后，音频会写入test.mp3，而字幕文件则会写入test.vtt。后续则可以通过ffmpeg将生成的字幕文件叠加到视频中即可，请参见：基于Python3(Autosub)以及Ffmpeg配合GoogleTranslation(谷歌翻译)为你的影片实现双语版字幕(逐字稿)
结语
开源语音合成edge-tts库可以提高语音合成效率，并且极大地降低了语音合成门槛，为自动化视频剪辑铺平了道路，未来结合基于Stable-Diffusion算法的AI绘图框架，人工智能AI一键式绘制、配音、上字幕的一条龙服务指日可待。
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