Mockito

Mockito是mocking框架，它让你用简洁的API做测试。而且Mockito简单易学，它可读性强和验证语法简洁。
Mockito 是一个针对 Java 的单元测试模拟框架，它与 EasyMock 和 jMock 很相似，都是为了简化单元测试过程中测试上下文 ( 或者称之为测试驱动函数以及桩函数 ) 的搭建而开发的工具
相对于 EasyMock 和 jMock，Mockito 的优点是通过在执行后校验哪些函数已经被调用，消除了对期望行为（expectations）的需要。其它的 mocking 库需要在执行前记录期望行为（expectations），而这导致了丑陋的初始化代码。

Mockito

maven依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
    <version>1.9.5</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency> 
	<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
	 <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId> 
	 <version>2.0.0</version> 
	 <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.11</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

将模拟的对象注入到构造的测试类中

ReflectionTestUtils.setField(Object targetObject, String name, Object value);

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements IBookService{

	@Autowired
	private IBookDao bookDao;
}

//将模拟的对象注入到构造的测试类中
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(bookService, "bookDao", bookDao);

常用Mockitod的模拟方法

方法名	描述
Mockito.mock(classToMock)	模拟对象
Mockito.verify(mock)	验证行为是否发生
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value1).thenReturn(value2)	触发时第一次返回value1，第n次都返回value2
Mockito.doThrow(toBeThrown).when(mock).[method]	模拟抛出异常。
Mockito.mock(classToMock,defaultAnswer)	使用默认Answer模拟对象
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenReturn(value)	参数匹配
Mockito.doReturn(toBeReturned).when(mock).[method]	参数匹配（直接执行不判断）
Mockito.when(methodCall).thenAnswer(answer))	预期回调接口生成期望值
Mockito.doAnswer(answer).when(methodCall).[method]	预期回调接口生成期望值（直接执行不判断）
Mockito.spy(Object)	用spy监控真实对象,设置真实对象行为
Mockito.doNothing().when(mock).[method]	不做任何返回
Mockito.doCallRealMethod().when(mock).[method] //等价于Mockito.when(mock.[method]).thenCallRealMethod();	调用真实的方法
reset(mock)	重置mock

实列

验证行为是否发生

//模拟创建一个List对象
List<Integer> mock =  Mockito.mock(List.class);
//调用mock对象的方法
mock.add(1);
mock.clear();
//验证方法是否执行
Mockito.verify(mock).add(1);
Mockito.verify(mock).clear();

多次触发返回不同值

//mock一个Iterator类
Iterator iterator = mock(Iterator.class);
//预设当iterator调用next()时第一次返回hello，第n次都返回world
Mockito.when(iterator.next()).thenReturn("hello").thenReturn("world");
//使用mock的对象
String result = iterator.next() + " " + iterator.next() + " " + iterator.next();
//验证结果
Assert.assertEquals("hello world world",result);

模拟抛出异常

@Test(expected = IOException.class)//期望报Io异常
public void when_thenThrow() throws IOException{
      OutputStream mock = Mockito.mock(OutputStream.class);
      //预设当流关闭时抛出异常
      Mockito.doThrow(new IOException()).when(mock).close();
      mock.close();
  }

使用默认Answer模拟对象
RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS 是创建mock对象时的备选参数之一
以下方法deepstubsTest和deepstubsTest2是等价的

@Test
  public void deepstubsTest(){
      A a=Mockito.mock(A.class,Mockito.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS);
      Mockito.when(a.getB().getName()).thenReturn("Beijing");
      Assert.assertEquals("Beijing",a.getB().getName());
  }
  
  @Test
  public void deepstubsTest2(){
      A a=Mockito.mock(A.class);
      B b=Mockito.mock(B.class);
      Mockito.when(a.getB()).thenReturn(b);
      Mockito.when(b.getName()).thenReturn("Beijing");
      Assert.assertEquals("Beijing",a.getB().getName());
  }
  class A{
      private B b;
      public B getB(){
          return b;
      }
      public void setB(B b){
          this.b=b;
      }
  }
  class B{
      private String name;
      public String getName(){
          return name;
      }
      public void setName(String name){
          this.name = name;
      }
      public String getSex(Integer sex){
          if(sex==1){
              return "man";
          }else{
              return "woman";
          }
      }
  }

参数匹配

@Test
public void with_arguments(){
    B b = Mockito.mock(B.class);
    //预设根据不同的参数返回不同的结果
    Mockito.when(b.getSex(1)).thenReturn("男");
    Mockito.when(b.getSex(2)).thenReturn("女");
    Assert.assertEquals("男", b.getSex(1));
    Assert.assertEquals("女", b.getSex(2));
    //对于没有预设的情况会返回默认值
    Assert.assertEquals(null, b.getSex(0));
}
class B{
    private String name;
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getSex(Integer sex){
        if(sex==1){
            return "man";
        }else{
            return "woman";
        }
    }
}

匹配任意参数
Mockito.anyInt() 任何int值
Mockito.anyLong() 任何long值
Mockito.anyString() 任何String值
等等

@Test
public void with_unspecified_arguments(){
    List list = Mockito.mock(List.class);
    //匹配任意参数
    Mockito.when(list.get(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn(1);
    Mockito.when(list.contains(Mockito.argThat(new IsValid()))).thenReturn(true);
    Assert.assertEquals(1,list.get(1));
    Assert.assertEquals(1,list.get(999));
    Assert.assertTrue(list.contains(1));
    Assert.assertTrue(!list.contains(3));
}
class IsValid extends ArgumentMatcher<List>{
    @Override
    public boolean matches(Object obj) {
        return obj.equals(1) || obj.equals(2);
    }
}

使用了参数匹配，那么所有的参数都必须通过matchers来匹配
Mockito继承Matchers，anyInt()等均为Matchers方法
当传入两个参数，其中一个参数采用任意参数时，指定参数需要matchers来对比

Comparator comparator = mock(Comparator.class);
comparator.compare("nihao","hello");
//如果你使用了参数匹配，那么所有的参数都必须通过matchers来匹配
Mockito.verify(comparator).compare(Mockito.anyString(),Mockito.eq("hello"));
//下面的为无效的参数匹配使用
//verify(comparator).compare(anyString(),"hello");

自定义参数匹配
Mockito.argThat(Matcher matcher) 应用自定义的规则

@Test
public void argumentMatchersTest(){
   //创建mock对象
   List<String> mock = mock(List.class);
   //argThat(Matches<T> matcher)方法用来应用自定义的规则，可以传入任何实现Matcher接口的实现类。
   Mockito.when(mock.addAll(Mockito.argThat(new IsListofTwoElements()))).thenReturn(true);
   Assert.assertTrue(mock.addAll(Arrays.asList("one","two","three")));
}

class IsListofTwoElements extends ArgumentMatcher<List>
{
   public boolean matches(Object list)
   {
       return((List)list).size()==3;
   }
}

预期回调接口生成期望值

@Test
public void answerTest(){
      List mockList = Mockito.mock(List.class);
      //使用方法预期回调接口生成期望值（Answer结构）
      Mockito.when(mockList.get(Mockito.anyInt())).thenAnswer(new CustomAnswer());
      Assert.assertEquals("hello world:0",mockList.get(0));
      Assert.assertEquals("hello world:999",mockList.get(999));
  }
  private class CustomAnswer implements Answer<String> {
      @Override
      public String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
          Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
          return "hello world:"+args[0];
      }
  }
等价于：(也可使用匿名内部类实现)
@Test
 public void answer_with_callback(){
      //使用Answer来生成我们我们期望的返回
      Mockito.when(mockList.get(Mockito.anyInt())).thenAnswer(new Answer<Object>() {
          @Override
          public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
              Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
              return "hello world:"+args[0];
          }
      });
      Assert.assertEquals("hello world:0",mockList.get(0));
     Assert. assertEquals("hello world:999",mockList.get(999));
  }

预期回调接口生成期望值（直接执行）

@Test
public void testAnswer1(){
List<String> mock = Mockito.mock(List.class);  
      Mockito.doAnswer(new CustomAnswer()).when(mock).get(Mockito.anyInt());  
      Assert.assertEquals("大于三", mock.get(4));
      Assert.assertEquals("小于三", mock.get(2));
}
public class CustomAnswer implements Answer<String> {  
  public String answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {  
      Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();  
      Integer num = (Integer)args[0];  
      if( num>3 ){  
          return "大于三";  
      } else {  
          return "小于三";   
      }  
  }
}

修改对未预设的调用返回默认期望（指定返回值）

//mock对象使用Answer来对未预设的调用返回默认期望值
List mock = Mockito.mock(List.class,new Answer() {
     @Override
     public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
         return 999;
     }
 });
 //下面的get(1)没有预设，通常情况下会返回NULL，但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值
 Assert.assertEquals(999, mock.get(1));
 //下面的size()没有预设，通常情况下会返回0，但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值
 Assert.assertEquals(999,mock.size());

用spy监控真实对象,设置真实对象行为

@Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
    public void spy_on_real_objects(){
        List list = new LinkedList();
        List spy = Mockito.spy(list);
        //下面预设的spy.get(0)会报错，因为会调用真实对象的get(0)，所以会抛出越界异常
        //Mockito.when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn(3);

        //使用doReturn-when可以避免when-thenReturn调用真实对象api
        Mockito.doReturn(999).when(spy).get(999);
        //预设size()期望值
        Mockito.when(spy.size()).thenReturn(100);
        //调用真实对象的api
        spy.add(1);
        spy.add(2);
        Assert.assertEquals(100,spy.size());
        Assert.assertEquals(1,spy.get(0));
        Assert.assertEquals(2,spy.get(1));
        Assert.assertEquals(999,spy.get(999));
    }

不做任何返回

@Test
public void Test() {
    A a = Mockito.mock(A.class);
    //void 方法才能调用doNothing()
    Mockito.doNothing().when(a).setName(Mockito.anyString());
    a.setName("bb");
    Assert.assertEquals("bb",a.getName());
}
class A {
    private String name;
    private void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    private String getName(){
        return name;
    }
}

调用真实的方法

@Test
public void Test() {
    A a = Mockito.mock(A.class);
    //void 方法才能调用doNothing()
    Mockito.when(a.getName()).thenReturn("bb");
    Assert.assertEquals("bb",a.getName());
    //等价于Mockito.when(a.getName()).thenCallRealMethod();
    Mockito.doCallRealMethod().when(a).getName();
    Assert.assertEquals("zhangsan",a.getName());
}
class A {
    public String getName(){
        return "zhangsan";
    }
}

重置mock

@Test
    public void reset_mock(){
        List list = mock(List.class);
        Mockito. when(list.size()).thenReturn(10);
        list.add(1);
        Assert.assertEquals(10,list.size());
        //重置mock，清除所有的互动和预设
        Mockito.reset(list);
        Assert.assertEquals(0,list.size());
    }

注解方式快速模拟

使用@Mock注释

public class MockitoTest {
    @Mock
    private List mockList;
    //必须在基类中添加初始化mock的代码，否则报错mock的对象为NULL
    public MockitoTest(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
    @Test
    public void AnnoTest() {
            mockList.add(1);
        Mockito.verify(mockList).add(1);
    }
}

指定测试类使用运行器：MockitoJUnitRunner

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MockitoTest2 {
    @Mock
    private List mockList;

    @Test
    public void shorthand(){
        mockList.add(1);
        Mockito.verify(mockList).add(1);
    }
}

参考文档：https://www.cnblogs.com/Ming8006/p/6297333.html