curl常用命令及参数
邹斌
前言：经常需要用到curl命令在线上机器中去测试接口，尤其是一些内外网接口、判断线上接口信息等，需要用到curl命令直接测试页面或接口返回值，下面是我常用的curl命令参数及作用：
1、curl url
作用：获取页面内容或接口响应
示例：以视频页领取优惠券为例：curl https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action?cb=cb_1540200657317&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f&pid=92b01a8207f5c404
（注意：上述curl的路径中使用到了\转义符号，当url中包含多个参数时候，需要使用\转义符）
返回值：
curl https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action?cb=cb_1540200657317\&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9\&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f\&pid=92b01a8207f5c404
var cb_1540200657317={"code":"Q00330","data":{},"msg":"活动已结束"}
2、curl -I url
作用：获取请求页面或接口的请求头信息
示例：curl -I https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action?cb=cb_1540200657317&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f&pid=92b01a8207f5c404
返回值：
[root@simonsfan code]# curl -I https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action?cb=cb_1540200657317\&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9\&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f\&pid=92b01a8207f5c404
HTTP/1.1 200
Server: nginx
Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2018 09:45:52 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 72
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Charset: big5, big5-hkscs, cesu-8, euc-jp, euc-kr, gb18030, gb2312, gbk, ibm-thai, ibm00858, ibm01140, ibm01141, ibm01142, ibm01143, ibm01144, ibm01145, ibm01146, ibm01147, ibm01148, ibm01149, ibm037, ibm1026, ibm1047, ibm273, ibm277, ibm278, ibm280, ibm284, ibm285, ibm290, ibm297, ibm420, ibm424, ibm437, ibm500, ibm775, ibm850, ibm852, ibm855, ibm857, ibm860, ibm861, ibm862, ibm863, ibm864, ibm865, ibm866, ibm868, ibm869, ibm870, ibm871, ibm918, iso-2022-cn, iso-2022-jp, iso-2022-jp-2, iso-2022-kr, iso-8859-1, iso-8859-13, iso-8859-15, iso-8859-2, iso-8859-3, iso-8859-4, iso-8859-5, iso-8859-6, iso-8859-7, iso-8859-8, iso-8859-9, jis_x0201, jis_x0212-1990, koi8-r, koi8-u, shift_jis, tis-620, us-ascii, utf-16, utf-16be, utf-16le, utf-32, utf-32be, utf-32le, utf-8, windows-1250, windows-1251, windows-1252, windows-1253, windows-1254, windows-1255, windows-1256, windows-1257, windows-1258, windows-31j, x-big5-hkscs-2001, x-big5-solaris, x-compound_text, x-euc-jp-linux, x-euc-tw, x-eucjp-open, x-ibm1006, x-ibm1025, x-ibm1046, x-ibm1097, x-ibm1098, x-ibm1112, x-ibm1122, x-ibm1123, x-ibm1124, x-ibm1166, x-ibm1364, x-ibm1381, x-ibm1383, x-ibm300, x-ibm33722, x-ibm737, x-ibm833, x-ibm834, x-ibm856, x-ibm874, x-ibm875, x-ibm921, x-ibm922, x-ibm930, x-ibm933, x-ibm935, x-ibm937, x-ibm939, x-ibm942, x-ibm942c, x-ibm943, x-ibm943c, x-ibm948, x-ibm949, x-ibm949c, x-ibm950, x-ibm964, x-ibm970, x-iscii91, x-iso-2022-cn-cns, x-iso-2022-cn-gb, x-iso-8859-11, x-jis0208, x-jisautodetect, x-johab, x-macarabic, x-maccentraleurope, x-maccroatian, x-maccyrillic, x-macdingbat, x-macgreek, x-machebrew, x-maciceland, x-macroman, x-macromania, x-macsymbol, x-macthai, x-macturkish, x-macukraine, x-ms932_0213, x-ms950-hkscs, x-ms950-hkscs-xp, x-mswin-936, x-pck, x-sjis_0213, x-utf-16le-bom, x-utf-32be-bom, x-utf-32le-bom, x-windows-50220, x-windows-50221, x-windows-874, x-windows-949, x-windows-950, x-windows-iso2022jp
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
上述命令只会返回请求头信息，而不包含响应内容，可以使用 -l 参数来返回请求头和响应信息：
[root@simonsfan code]# curl -i https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action?cb=cb_1540200657317\&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9\&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f\&pid=92b01a8207f5c404
HTTP/1.1 200
Server: nginx
Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2018 09:47:35 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 72
Connection: keep-alive
Accept-Charset: big5, big5-hkscs, cesu-8, euc-jp, euc-kr, gb18030, gb2312, gbk, ibm-thai, ibm00858, ibm01140, ibm01141, ibm01142, ibm01143, ibm01144, ibm01145, ibm01146, ibm01147, ibm01148, ibm01149, ibm037, ibm1026, ibm1047, ibm273, ibm277, ibm278, ibm280, ibm284, ibm285, ibm290, ibm297, ibm420, ibm424, ibm437, ibm500, ibm775, ibm850, ibm852, ibm855, ibm857, ibm860, ibm861, ibm862, ibm863, ibm864, ibm865, ibm866, ibm868, ibm869, ibm870, ibm871, ibm918, iso-2022-cn, iso-2022-jp, iso-2022-jp-2, iso-2022-kr, iso-8859-1, iso-8859-13, iso-8859-15, iso-8859-2, iso-8859-3, iso-8859-4, iso-8859-5, iso-8859-6, iso-8859-7, iso-8859-8, iso-8859-9, jis_x0201, jis_x0212-1990, koi8-r, koi8-u, shift_jis, tis-620, us-ascii, utf-16, utf-16be, utf-16le, utf-32, utf-32be, utf-32le, utf-8, windows-1250, windows-1251, windows-1252, windows-1253, windows-1254, windows-1255, windows-1256, windows-1257, windows-1258, windows-31j, x-big5-hkscs-2001, x-big5-solaris, x-compound_text, x-euc-jp-linux, x-euc-tw, x-eucjp-open, x-ibm1006, x-ibm1025, x-ibm1046, x-ibm1097, x-ibm1098, x-ibm1112, x-ibm1122, x-ibm1123, x-ibm1124, x-ibm1166, x-ibm1364, x-ibm1381, x-ibm1383, x-ibm300, x-ibm33722, x-ibm737, x-ibm833, x-ibm834, x-ibm856, x-ibm874, x-ibm875, x-ibm921, x-ibm922, x-ibm930, x-ibm933, x-ibm935, x-ibm937, x-ibm939, x-ibm942, x-ibm942c, x-ibm943, x-ibm943c, x-ibm948, x-ibm949, x-ibm949c, x-ibm950, x-ibm964, x-ibm970, x-iscii91, x-iso-2022-cn-cns, x-iso-2022-cn-gb, x-iso-8859-11, x-jis0208, x-jisautodetect, x-johab, x-macarabic, x-maccentraleurope, x-maccroatian, x-maccyrillic, x-macdingbat, x-macgreek, x-machebrew, x-maciceland, x-macroman, x-macromania, x-macsymbol, x-macthai, x-macturkish, x-macukraine, x-ms932_0213, x-ms950-hkscs, x-ms950-hkscs-xp, x-mswin-936, x-pck, x-sjis_0213, x-utf-16le-bom, x-utf-32be-bom, x-utf-32le-bom, x-windows-50220, x-windows-50221, x-windows-874, x-windows-949, x-windows-950, x-windows-iso2022jp
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
var cb_1540200657317={"code":"Q00304","data":{},"msg":"用户未登录"}
3、curl -d “params” url
作用：使用-d发送带参数的请求（默认是post方式提交）
示例：curl -d “cb=cb_1540200657317&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f&pid=92b01a8207f5c404” https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action
返回：
curl -d "cb=cb_1540200657317&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f&pid=92b01a8207f5c404" https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action
var cb_1540200657317={"code":"Q00301","data":{},"msg":"接口代码不存在"}
作用和上面说的第一点一致，你也可以使用 -X GET 参数来指定GET方式提交请求：
curl -d "cb=cb_1540200657317&cid=afbe8fd3d73448c9&interfaceCode=b5018a28d5f8609f&pid=92b01a8207f5c404" -X GET https://act.vip.iqiyi.com/api/process.action
{"code":"Q00301","data":{},"msg":"接口代码不存在"}
4、curl -H Head_infos
作用：自定义Header头信息
示例：curl -H “User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36” -H “Referer:http://www.iqiyi.com” http://vip.iqiyi.com
curl -H "User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36" -H "Referer:http://www.iqiyi.com" http://vip.iqiyi.com
<html>
<head><title>302 Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>302 Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>QWS</center>
</body>
</html>
5、curl -L url
作用：跟踪链接url重定向，有些页面或接口被重定向，直接使用curl url会返回
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr>
<center>nginx/1.14.0</center> </body>
</html>
但有时候使用-L会报如下错
curl: (60) Issuer certificate is invalid.
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle"
of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default
bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file
using the --cacert option.
If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in
the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a
problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might
not match the domain name in the URL).
If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use
the -k (or --insecure) option.
这时候就要结合-k选项来使用
curl -L -k nginx.baidu.com
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
6、curl -O url……
作用：下载指定资源文件到当前目录中
示例：curl -O http://sr4.pplive.cn/cms/15/70/0dbb8ec002f1353e487d13fd949727a3.jpg -O http://sr4.pplive.cn/cms/39/88/4441be4257c21285c504509e479a43ea.jpg
curl -O http://sr4.pplive.cn/cms/15/70/0dbb8ec002f1353e487d13fd949727a3.jpg -O http://sr4.pplive.cn/cms/39/88/4441be4257c21285c504509e479a43ea.jpg
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 41503 100 41503 0 0 102k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 103k
100 23242 100 23242 0 0 217k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 217k
7、curl --user
作用：指定用户名和密码访问资源
curl 172.16.0.13:9200 --user elastic:123456
8、当容器中没有curl，但是有wget的时候
wget -q -O - www.baidu.com
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