NFS的安装配置:centos 5 :yum install nfs-utils portmapcentos 6 :yum install nfs-utils rpcbind本节是使用centos 6的配置过程:设备:两台 centos6 OS 安装的时候选择的是"Basic Server"软件配置包。首先,让两台机器都安装NFS的 软件包,如下显示的是服务器端:[root@roothomes /home]$ yum install nfs-utils rpcbindLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cnSetting up Install ProcessPackage rpcbind-0.2.0-8.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest versionResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-15.el6 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Updating:nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.2.3-15.el6 base 308 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 0 Package(s)Upgrade 1 Package(s)Total download size: 308 kIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.el6.x86_64.rpm | 308 kB 00:10warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYbase/gpgkey | 3.3 kB 00:00 ...Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE "CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key)" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.el6.x86_64 1/2
Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.2-7.el6.x86_64 2/2
Updated:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-15.el6
Complete!
[root@roothomes /home]$
服务器端:
###(建立挂载的目录,并且挂载目录。)
[root@roothomes /etc]$ mkdir /opt/centos6
[root@roothomes /etc]$ cd /opt/centos6/
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ mkdir thisISnfsFile
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ ls
thisISnfsFile
[root@roothomes /etc]$ vi /etc/exports
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ cat /etc/exports
/opt/centos6 192.168.1.0/24(ro,no_root_squash)
### 备注:/opt/centos6表示nfs共享的目录 192.168.1.0-192.168.1.254区间的IP可以访问,访问权限是自读,root 用户
###(启动对应的服务)
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ chkconfig nfs on
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ /etc/init.d/nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
[root@roothomes /opt/centos6]$ service iptables stop
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
客户端:
[root@roothomes /home]$ yum install nfs-utils rpcbind
安装完毕!
[root@vmBS00 ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
###查看是否能访问nfs服务
[root@vmBS00 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.75
Export list for 192.168.1.75:
/opt/centos6 192.168.1.0/24
[root@vmBS00 ~]# mkdir /opt/centos6
[root@vmBS00 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.75:/opt/centos6/ /opt/centos6/
[root@vmBS00 ~]# ls /opt/centos6/
thisISnfsFile
###配置开机自动挂载
[root@vmBS00 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
### 添加 #192.168.1.75:/opt/centos6/ /opt/centos6/ nfs nodev,ro,rsize=32768,wsize=32768 0 0
[root@vmBS00 ~]# init 6
[root@vmBS00 ~]#
login as: root
root@192.168.1.116's password:
Last login: Mon Mar 5 17:29:04 2012 from 192.168.1.23
[root@vmBS00 ~]# ls /opt/centos6/
thisISnfsFile
[root@vmBS00 ~]#
>
/data 本机mount的目录
1.服务端和客户端都需要开启portmap服务。RCP是nfs mount和umount时通信的方式。
2.假如客户端portmap没有启动,mount时,会非常慢,最终会失败。umount时,即使本地的portmap是关闭的,也能umount成功。
3.挂载完成后,服务端的portmap停止后,nfs仍然工作正常,但是umout财会提示: not found / mounted or server not reachable。重启服务器的portmap也无济于事。
4.假如服务端的portmap重启了,那么nfs也要跟着重启,否则nfs工作仍然是不正常的。
5.假如服务端nfs关闭(IP是通的),这时客户端会无法umount,这时使用umount -f /nfs一般能成功,当服务端死机时,umount -f /nfs 有可能会失败,这时可以使用 umount -l /nfs .
最终建议:
1.使用NFS,就要使用portmap或者rpcbind,NFS严重依赖于portmap或者rpcbind,所以不要试图去停止它(portmap或者rpcbind)。
2.当不能umount /nfs 分区时,试着使用umount -f /nfs,一般都能成功。
3.当umount -f /nfs不能umount时,可以试试umount -l /nfs. umount -l是最终级的umount。