django-rest-framework,是一套基于Django 的 REST 框架,是一个强大灵活的构建 Web API 的工具包
官网:http://www.django-rest-framework.org/
image 图片保存的是相当队列,访问的时候需要加上http://域名+图片相对路径
serializers没有帮我们加上,但是django-rest-framework帮我加上
serializers也没有排序,django-rest-framework帮我排序
文档生成等等很多功能
安装依赖的包
安装coreapi命令:pip install coreapi
安装django-guardian命令:pip install django-guardian
安装 django-rest-framework 命令:pip install django-rest-framework
其它依赖包
The following packages are optional:
以下软件包是可选的:
#在项目的settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# demo add
'rest_framework',
'books',
]
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from quickstart import views
from rest_framework import routers
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls
router = routers.DefaultRouter() #路由
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet) #路由地址与接口配置
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
#注:path是新写法,url为老写法,若要使用正则,则使用re_path
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
re_path(r'^', include(router.urls)), #包含进路由配置的url
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) #浏览器测试接口配置
]
在app应用中新建good/quickstart/
serializers.py来重写serializers方法:
#方法1.基本序列化器
class Goodserializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=50) #字段需要自己写
#或
class Meta:
#Model
model = GoodsCategory
#把所有的属性都用上的写法
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups') #设置字段
#方法2:全部的序列化器,会自动调出所有字段
#(外键表)
class GoodsCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
#Model
model = GoodsCategory
#把所有的属性都用上的写法
fields = "__all__"
#(主表)
class Goodserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#关联外键
category = GoodsCategorySerializer()
class Meta:
model = Goods
fields = '__all__'
在tutorial/quickstart/views.py
视图中调用序列serializers
from rest_framework import viewsets #引入viewsets,类似controllers
# from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer 官网模块引入写法,有误
from quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer #引入刚刚定义的序列化器
class GoodsListAPIView(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = Goods.objects.all()
serializer_class = Goodserializer
seeting中配置每页显示的数量
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
#rest_framework目录下的pagination.py文件PageNumberPagination类
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': "rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination",
# #每页显示10条数据
'PAGE_SIZE': 2,
}
配置动态显示数据,动态设置每页数量: views.py:
class GoodsListPagination(PageNumberPagination):
#默认返回10条
page_size = 10
#每页返回多少条的参数变量
page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
page_query_param = "p"#页码的定义
#最大返回100条
# max_page_size = 100
class GoodsListAPIView(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = Goods.objects.all()
serializer_class = Goodserializer
# 添加分页配置,settings.py就可以省略了
pagination_class = GoodsListPagination
#url访问格式:http://127.0.0.1:8000/goods/?p=3&page=2
viwes中viewsets方法及过滤,模糊查找,查询,排序.
#新建filters.py重写filters方法
from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from .models import Goods
#商品的过滤器
class GoodsFilter(filters.FilterSet):
#最低价格
min_price = filters.NumberFilter(name="shop_price", lookup_expr='gte')
#最大价格
max_price = filters.NumberFilter(name="shop_price", lookup_expr='lte')
#模糊查询
name = filters.CharFilter(name='name',lookup_expr='icontains')
class Meta:
model = Goods
fields = [ 'min_price', 'max_price','name']
#views.py (上述views中方法的替代)
class GoodsListAPIViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet,mixins.ListModelMixin):
queryset = Goods.objects.all()
serializer_class = Goodserializer
# 添加分页配置,settings.py就可以省略了
pagination_class = GoodsListPagination
#过滤器
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,filters.OrderingFilter,filters.SearchFilter)
filter_class = GoodsFilter
ordering_fields = ('shop_price','add_time')
# '^name'必须以name开头才会满足搜索条件,'=name'为精确搜索
search_fields = ('name', 'goods_brief','goods_desc')
#排序
from rest_framework import filters
class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
"""
返回商品列表,自定义序列化器,分页,过滤,搜索,排序
"""
#支持搜索和过滤,写在一起
filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,filters.SearchFilter,DjangoFilterBackend)
ordering_fields = ('shop_price', 'add_time')
Django的跨域问题,后端部分比较常用的做法就是利用django-cors-headers模块来解决,这里也不能免俗,操作如下。
先在命令行中进行对应模块的安装:
pip install django-cors-headers
然后在项目中添加该模块:
# books_demo/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
# demo
'corsheaders',
...
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware', # 需注意与其他中间件顺序,这里放在最前面即可
...
]
# 支持跨域配置开始
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True