golang-1.13-go升级时出现的依赖错误问题修复

错误表示

需要升级

❯ sudo apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
golang-1.13-go/focal-updates,focal-security 1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.13.8-1ubuntu1]

升级时存在依赖错误

❯ sudo apt upgrade golang-1.13-go
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 golang-1.13 : Depends: golang-1.13-go (>= 1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1) but 1.13.8-1ubuntu1 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

使用 sudo apt --fix-broken install无效

After this operation, 2048 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 89223 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking golang-1.13-go (1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1) over (1.13.8-1ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/go-1.13/src', which is also in package golang-1.13-race-detector-runtime 0.0+svn332029-0ubuntu2
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

错误解释

这个错误消息表明在尝试安装 golang-1.13-go 包时出现了问题，导致 dpkg 无法正常完成安装过程。

这可能是由于系统上存在未知的错误或其他问题，导致 dpkg 无法正常工作。

解决方案

使用 dpkg 命令来安装包，并使用 --force-overwrite 选项强制覆盖已存在的文件。

使用 dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb 这个命令可以直接安装 deb 包，并强制覆盖已存在的文件。

dpkg 是 Ubuntu 系统中用于处理 deb 包的工具。 -i 选项用于安装 deb 包，而 --force-overwrite 选项则强制覆盖已存在的文件。

在这种情况下，由于之前安装 golang-1.13-race-detector-runtime 包时已经存在 /usr/lib/go-1.13/src 这个文件，导致现在再安装 golang-1.13-go 包时冲突。使用 --force-overwrite 选项可以强制覆盖已存在的文件，从而解决冲突问题。

注意：使用 --force-overwrite 选项可能会导致系统稳定性降低或其他问题，因此应谨慎使用。

在使用 dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb 这个命令之前，建议确保备份重要数据。

❯ sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 89223 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../golang-1.13-go_1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking golang-1.13-go (1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1) over (1.13.8-1ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: warning: overriding problem because --force enabled:
dpkg: warning: trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/go-1.13/src', which is also in package golang-1.13-race-detector-runtime 0.0+svn332029-0ubuntu2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of golang-1.13-go:
 golang-1.13-go depends on golang-1.13-src (>= 1.13.8-1ubuntu1.1); however:
  Package golang-1.13-src is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package golang-1.13-go (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 golang-1.13-go

再次使用

sudo apt --fix-broken install

修复完成