阿里云Centos7服务器-JavaWeb正式环境搭建
王成化
服务器系统为阿里云Centos7的linux系统，用于部署JavaWeb项目，记录下搭建步骤:
- 挂载数据盘
- 安装MySQL
- 安装JDK
- 安装Tomcat
- Nginx配置
挂载数据盘
这部分内容阿里云官方已有详尽的教程，链接直达：
MySQL
通过YUM方式安装MySQL5.7版本
1.下载YUM库
命令：
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
在/usr/local/创建一个空文件夹，比如dev，命令：mkdir dev,然后cd进入该目录，执行下载YUM库的命令。控制台输出记录:
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
--2018-01-15 14:41:41-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm [following]
--2018-01-15 14:41:41-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm [following]
--2018-01-15 14:41:44-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.211.97.88
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.211.97.88|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 8984 (8.8K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm’
100%[====================================================================================================>] 8,984 --.-K/s in 0s
2018-01-15 14:41:44 (196 MB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm’ saved [8984/8984]
下载完成后，通过ls命令，可以查看到当前目录已经有MySQL5.7的rpm包
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# ls
mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
2.安装YUM库
命令:
yum localinstall -y mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# yum localinstall -y mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql57-community-release noarch el7-7 /mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch 7.8 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 7.8 k
Installed size: 7.8 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch 1/1
Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch 1/1
Installed:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7
Complete!
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]#
3.安装MySQL数据库
命令：
yum install -y mysql-community-server
控制台输出：
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 266 kB 00:00:00
(3/10): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 869 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 145 kB 00:00:00
(5/10): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 16 kB 00:00:00
(6/10): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.2 MB 00:00:00
(7/10): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 37 kB 00:00:00
(8/10): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 124 kB 00:00:00
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.2 MB 00:00:00
(10/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.20-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.1 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.0 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 164 M
Installing for dependencies:
libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.20-1.el7 mysql57-community 272 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages (+3 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 192 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(2/6): mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 272 kB 00:00:00
(3/6): mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/6): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:00
(5/6): mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:00:02
(6/6): mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 164 MB 00:00:23
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 7.9 MB/s | 192 MB 00:00:24
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch (installed)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/7
Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/7
Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 3/7
Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 4/7
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 5/7
Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 6/7
Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 7/7
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 5/7
Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 7/7
Installed:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7
Replaced:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
Complete!
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]#
查看MySQL是否安装成功
命令:
yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
控制台输出:
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 42
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 55
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 227
4.启动MySQL服务
启动命令：
systemctl start mysqld.service
启动完毕后，通过命令systemctl status mysqld查看MySQL的启动状态，控制台输出
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-01-15 14:45:39 CST; 1min 47s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 25374 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 25300 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 25378 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─25378 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Jan 15 14:45:32 iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 15 14:45:39 iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
5.修改MySQL默认密码
MySQL安装完毕后，会默认提供一个临时密码，查看MySQL的临时密码:
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
控制台输出；
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-01-15T06:45:35.070084Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lyZmjDrcj0(q
这个lyZmjDrcj0(q就是MySQL的临时密码，用这个密码进行数据库登录，并修改密码。
> mysql -uroot -p
> Enterpassword：lyZmjDrcj0(q
登录成功后修改密码：
mysql > set password=password('Longke&Crocutax2018');
注意：
密码格式规则：大写字母+小写字母+数字+特殊字符
也可以修改密码规则，让MySQL不再检查密码强度，有很多同学上来就想设置个root或者123456，不推荐。
此外，不推荐使用root账号管理数据库，应该从访问地址，数据库访问权限，操作权限等角度缩小单个用户的权限范围。
添加数据库管理员
这里记录下给 【单个用户】从【任何地址】对【某个数据库】进行【所有操作】的权限。
mysql> grant all privileges on factory.* to 'crocutax'@'%' identified by 'Longke&180101';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
其他情况的调整，修改里面的参数即可。
另外，上面这句命令，同时也创建了一个用户。用户名为crocutax，密码为Longke&180101，可以用这个数据库账号从【本机】及【远程】访问factory数据库
修改MySQL默认端口号
MySQL数据库默认的访问端口号是3306，如果在阿里云后台安全规则组中，没有将此端口号添加为入网规则的话，那么从外网是无法访问的。不排除需要修改MySQL默认端口号的情况，这里记录下。
修改默认端口号需要编辑 /etc/my.conf配置文件，因为该文件是只读(read only)文件,所以必须以如下方式打开
sudo /etc/my.conf
在[mysqld]下方,添加自定义的端口号即可,比如
[mysqld]
port=8180
...
当然，还要确保该端口已经在阿里云后台入网安全规则中添加.
之后重启mysql服务即可
service mysqld restart
至此，MySQL部署完毕。
参考链接，感谢前辈：
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134790.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/csdn2193714269/article/details/72897815
JDK
JDK的安装非常简单，三步骤：
- 下载安装包
- 解压
- 配置环境变量
下载和解压就不说了，记录下环境变量配置：
1.编辑配置文件，命令：
vim /etc/profile
在配置文件底部添加
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/dev/jdk1.8.0_152
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME
export JRE_HOME
export PATH
export CLASSPATH
ESC+:wq保存
2.刷新配置文件，命令：
source /etc/profile
注意:非常关键，必须刷新，修改的配置才能生效。
3.查看是否配置成功,命令：
java -version
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_152"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_152-b16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.152-b16, mixed mode)
参考链接：
极客学院-JDK安装
Tomcat
必须先安装JDK，再安装Tomcat，否则即使安装了Tomcat，由于缺少Java环境，也无法正常启动
三步骤：
- 下载安装包
- 解压
- 启动tomcat
tomcat的启动和关闭
//启动
/usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp/bin/startup.sh
//关闭
/usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp/bin/shutdown.sh
启动成功
[root@iZbp1in0wc4jzpx7hkho6sZ dev]# /usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/dev/jdk1.8.0_152/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/dev/tomcat8_erp/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
之后就可以通过【公网IP+端口号】来访问tomcat首页了,比如：http://1.2.3.4.:8080
如果发现tomcat已启动，但是外网无法访问tomcat，可参考
参考链接：
http://www.cnblogs.com/hanyinglong/p/5024643.html
Nginx
这里记录的是yum源安装，编译安装可参考：
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/134907.htm
配置YUM源,下载rpm包
wget http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
查看下载结果：
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]# ls
epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
安装Nginx
yum install nginx -y
安装过程中的log输出：
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]# yum install nginx -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/7): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 266 kB 00:00:00
(2/7): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 874 kB 00:00:00
(3/7): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 145 kB 00:00:00
(4/7): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.2 MB 00:00:00
(5/7): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.2 MB 00:00:00
(6/7): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 37 kB 00:00:00
(7/7): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 134 kB 00:00:01
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.4-8.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libunwind.so.8()(64bit) for package: gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libunwind.x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62(LIBJPEG_6.2)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.10.95-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: font(:lang=en) for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64
---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.5-1.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package lyx-fonts.noarch 0:2.2.3-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 529 k
Installing for dependencies:
fontconfig x86_64 2.10.95-11.el7 base 229 k
fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-8.el7 base 9.9 k
gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 base 146 k
gperftools-libs x86_64 2.4-8.el7 base 272 k
libX11 x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 base 606 k
libX11-common noarch 1.6.5-1.el7 base 164 k
libXau x86_64 1.0.8-2.1.el7 base 29 k
libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 base 55 k
libjpeg-turbo x86_64 1.2.90-5.el7 base 134 k
libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k
libunwind x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 base 57 k
libxcb x86_64 1.12-1.el7 base 211 k
libxslt x86_64 1.1.28-5.el7 base 242 k
lyx-fonts noarch 2.2.3-1.el7 epel 159 k
nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 16 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 17 k
nginx-mod-http-geoip x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 23 k
nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 26 k
nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 35 k
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 25 k
nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 53 k
nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 76 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+22 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.3 M
Installed size: 9.8 M
Downloading packages:
(1/23): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 9.9 kB 00:00:00
(2/23): fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 229 kB 00:00:00
(3/23): gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm | 146 kB 00:00:00
(4/23): gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 272 kB 00:00:00
(5/23): libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 606 kB 00:00:00
(6/23): libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 164 kB 00:00:00
(7/23): libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 29 kB 00:00:00
(8/23): libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 55 kB 00:00:00
(9/23): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 134 kB 00:00:00
(10/23): libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 213 kB 00:00:00
(11/23): libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00
(12/23): libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 211 kB 00:00:00
(13/23): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 242 kB 00:00:00
(14/23): lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 159 kB 00:00:00
(15/23): nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 16 kB 00:00:00
(16/23): nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 17 kB 00:00:00
(17/23): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 23 kB 00:00:00
(18/23): nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 529 kB 00:00:00
(19/23): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00
(20/23): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00
(21/23): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 kB 00:00:00
(22/23): nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 76 kB 00:00:00
(23/23): nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 53 kB 00:00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 9.2 MB/s | 3.3 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
Installing : fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch 1/23
Installing : lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch 2/23
Installing : fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64 3/23
Installing : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 4/23
Installing : libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64 5/23
Installing : libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch 6/23
Installing : libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64 7/23
Installing : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 8/23
Installing : 2:libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64 9/23
Installing : gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64 10/23
Installing : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 11/23
Installing : 2:libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64 12/23
Installing : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch 13/23
Installing : libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64 14/23
Installing : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 15/23
Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 16/23
Installing : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 17/23
Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 18/23
Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 19/23
Installing : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 20/23
Installing : 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 21/23
Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 22/23
Installing : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch 23/23
Verifying : libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64 1/23
Verifying : lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch 2/23
Verifying : libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64 3/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch 4/23
Verifying : 2:libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64 5/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 6/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch 7/23
Verifying : fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch 8/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 9/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 10/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 11/23
Verifying : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 12/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 13/23
Verifying : libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64 14/23
Verifying : gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64 15/23
Verifying : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 16/23
Verifying : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 17/23
Verifying : 2:libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64 18/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 19/23
Verifying : libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch 20/23
Verifying : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 21/23
Verifying : fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64 22/23
Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 23/23
Installed:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.10.95-11.el7 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7
gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.4-8.el7
libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7
libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7
libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7 libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2
libunwind.x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7
libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 lyx-fonts.noarch 0:2.2.3-1.el7
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7
nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7
Complete!
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]#
查看安装结果
rpm -qa | grep nginx
控制台输出:
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]# rpm -qa | grep nginx
nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
配置
启动Nginx
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]# systemctl start nginx
查看启动结果
注意绿色的 active (running)，表明启动成功
查看启动状态
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-01-23 19:36:18 CST; 29s ago
Main PID: 24724 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─24724 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
├─24725 nginx: worker process
├─24726 nginx: worker process
├─24727 nginx: worker process
└─24728 nginx: worker process
Jan 23 19:36:18 izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Jan 23 19:36:18 izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz nginx[24719]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Jan 23 19:36:18 izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz nginx[24719]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Jan 23 19:36:18 izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]#
设置Nginx开机启动
[root@izbp109iqt20o2h63tpcuvz java]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
测试Nginx
Nginx默认端口号为80，一般情况下服务器的80端口也是开放的，因此在直接输入主机公网IP地址即可看见Nginx的主界面
Welcome to nginx on Fedora!
表明配置成功。
默认页面位于/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html,而/usr/share/nginx/html是Nginx默认的根目录。如果觉得不方便，可以在配置文件中修改根目录位置，同时注意由于目录权限问题导致的403Forbidden。
配置文件说明
配置文件路径 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#运行用户
user nginx;
#启动进程,通常设置成和 cpu 的数量相等
worker_processes 1;
#全局错误日志及 PID 文件
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events {
#epoll 是多路复用 IO(I/O Multiplexing)中的一种方式,
#仅用于 linux2.6 以上内核,可以大大提高 nginx 的性能
use epoll;
#单个后台 worker process 进程的最大并发链接数
worker_connections 1024;
# 并发总数是 worker_processes 和 worker_connections 的乘积
# 即 max_clients = worker_processes * worker_connections
# 在设置了反向代理的情况下， max_clients = worker_processes * worker_connections / 4
为什么
# 为什么上面反向代理要除以 4，应该说是一个经验值
# 根据以上条件，正常情况下的 Nginx Server 可以应付的最大连接数为： 4 * 8000 = 32000
# worker_connections 值的设置跟物理内存大小有关
# 因为并发受 IO 约束， max_clients 的值须小于系统可以打开的最大文件数
# 而系统可以打开的最大文件数和内存大小成正比，一般 1GB 内存的机器上可以打开的文件数大约是
10 万左右
# 我们来看看 360M 内存的 VPS 可以打开的文件句柄数是多少：
# $ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
# 输出 34336
# 32000 < 34336，即并发连接总数小于系统可以打开的文件句柄总数，这样就在操作系统可以承受
的范围之内
# 所以， worker_connections 的值需根据 worker_processes 进程数目和系统可以打开的最大文
件总数进行适当地进行设置
# 使得并发总数小于操作系统可以打开的最大文件数目
# 其实质也就是根据主机的物理 CPU 和内存进行配置
# 当然，理论上的并发总数可能会和实际有所偏差，因为主机还有其他的工作进程需要消耗系统资源。
# ulimit -SHn 65535
}
http {
#设定 mime 类型,类型由 mime.type 文件定义
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#设定日志格式
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
#sendfile 指令指定 nginx 是否调用 sendfile 函数（ zero copy 方式）来输出文件，
#对于普通应用，必须设为 on,
#如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘 IO 重负载应用，可设置为 off，
#以平衡磁盘与网络 I/O 处理速度，降低系统的 uptime.
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#连接超时时间
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
tcp_nodelay on;
#开启 gzip 压缩
gzip on;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";
#nginx 传输文件大小，默认为1M
client_max_body_size 20m;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
#设定请求缓冲
client_header_buffer_size 128k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 128k;
#设定虚拟主机配置
server {
#侦听 80 端口
listen 80;
#定义使用 www.linuxidc.com 访问
server_name www.linuxidc.com;
#定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
root html;
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log logs/nginx.access.log main;
#默认请求
location / {
#定义首页索引文件的名称
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
# 定义错误提示页面
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# 静态文件， nginx 自己处理
location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ {
#过期 30 天，静态文件不怎么更新，过期可以设大一点，
#如果频繁更新，则可以设置得小一点。
expires 30d;
}
#PHP 脚本请求全部转发到 FastCGI 处理. 使用 FastCGI 默认配置.
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# 禁止访问 .htxxx 文件
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
}
}
参考链接,感谢前辈:
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142986.htm
（完）
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