Docker容器dockerfile镜像实战案例

一、构建SSH镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

mkdir /opt/sshd
cd /opt/sshd

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

vim Dockerfile
#第一行必须指明基于的基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#作者信息
MAINTAINER this is ssh image <clj>
#镜像的操作指令
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install openssh* net-tools lsof telnet passwd						#安装一些需要的程序
RUN echo 'abc1234' | passwd --stdin root										#修改root密码
RUN sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config						#不使用PAM认证
RUN sed -ri '/^session\s+required\s+pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/' /etc/pam.d/sshd		#取消pam限制
RUN ssh-keygen -t rsa -A														#生成密钥认证文件
RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh && chown root.root /root && chmod 700 /root/.ssh		#
EXPOSE 22																		#开启22号端口
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd" , "-D"]													#指定默认执行的命令

③ 生成镜像

docker build -t sshd:centos .

④ 启动容器并修改root密码

docker run -d -P sshd:centos
docker ps -a
ssh localhost -p 49155

---

二、构建Systemctl镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

mkdir /opt/systemctl
cd /opt/systemctl

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

vim Dockerfile

FROM sshd:centos
MAINTAINER this is systemctl image <clj>
ENV container docker
#除了systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service，删除其它所有文件
RUN (cd /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/; for i in *; do [ $i == systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service ] || rm -f $i; done); \	
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*udev*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/*initctl*; \
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/*;\
rm -f /lib/systemd/system/anaconda.target.wants/*;
VOLUME [ "/sys/fs/cgroup" ]
#CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

③ 生成镜像

docker build -t systemd:centos .

//启动容器，并挂载宿主机目录挂载到容器中，和进行初始化
docker run --privileged -it -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro systemd:centos /sbin/init &
#--privileged：使container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。

docker ps -a

④ 进入容器

docker exec -it a0d624d2bfa9 bash

systemctl status sshd

方法二：
docker run -d -P --privileged sshd:centos /usr/sbin/init &

---

三、构建nginx镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

mkdir /opt/nginx
cd /opt/nginx/
cp /opt/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/nginx

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

vim Dockerfile

#基于基础镜像
FROM centos:7
#用户信息
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <clj>
#添加环境包
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#上传nginx软件压缩包，并解压
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
#指定工作目录
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
#指定http和https端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf			#关闭 nginx 在后台运行
#添加宿主机中run.sh到容器中
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]

③ 编写脚本

vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

④ 生成镜像

//创建新镜像
docker build -t nginx:centos .

docker run -d -P nginx:centos			#由于dockerfile将nginx设为前台启动，所以这里不需要加命令

docker ps -a
5df9e4383b96        nginx:centos           "/run.sh"           15 seconds ago      Up 15 seconds       0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32768->443/tcp   silly_davinci

⑤ 浏览器访问测试

http://192.168.80.10:32769

---

四、构建tomcat 镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

mkdir /opt/tomcat
cd /opt/tomcat
cp /opt/jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt/tomcat
cp /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /opt/tomcat

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is tomcat image <clj>
ADD jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat
EXPOSE 8080
#CMD ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

③ 生成镜像

docker build -t tomcat:centos .

docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 1216:8080 tomcat:centos 

④ 浏览器访问测试

 
http://192.168.80.10:1216

---

五、构建mysql镜像

① 创建镜像目录方便管理

mkdir /opt/mysqld
cd /opt/mysqld

② 创建编写dockerfile文件

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <clj>
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make && make install
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
RUN rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
ADD my.cnf /etc/
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/
RUN bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
EXPOSE 3306
ADD run.sh /usr/local/src
RUN chmod 755 /usr/local/src/run.sh
RUN sh /usr/local/src/run.sh
#CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

③ 编写my.cnf脚本

vim my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

④ 编写run.sh脚本

vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld	
systemctl enable mysqld

⑤ 创建新镜像、启动容器，并进行初始化

docker build -t mysql:centos .
#启动容器，并进行初始化
docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P --privileged mysql:centos /usr/sbin/init &

⑥ 进容器给权限

docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                     NAMES
f9a4d8f6c65f   mysql:centos   "/usr/sbin/init"    17 seconds ago   Up 16 seconds   0.0.0.0:49153->3306/tcp   mysql_server

⑦进入容器，授权远程连接 mysql

docker exec -it f9a4d8f6c65f /bin/bash

mysql -u root -p
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123';
flush privileges;

⑧在客户端连接mysql容器

mysql -h 192.168.80.10 -u root -P 49153 -pabc123