NITZ(Network Identity and Time Zone,网络标识和时区),是一种用于自动配置本地的时间和日期的机制,同时也通过无线网向移动设备提供运营商信息。NITZ是自从PHASE 2+ RELEASE 96 的GSM中的可选功能,经常被用来自动更新移动电话的系统时钟。NITZ需要运营商网络支持(通过CS网络),目前国内电信、移动都支持NITZ方式更新时间日期,而联通目前不支持。
NTP:NTP(Network Time Protocol)提供准确时间,首先要有准确的时间来源,这一时间应该是国际标准时间UTC。 NTP获得UTC的时间来源可以是原子钟、天文台、卫星,也可以从Internet上获取。这样就有了准确而可靠的时间源。时间按NTP服务器的等级传播。与NITZ不同的是,NTP需要从专门的NTP服务器来获取时间,只要手机连接上网络,都可以实现时间的更新。
Android有一个专门的系统服务 NetworkTimeUpdateServcie
来负责更新系统时间,该服务在系统启动时在SystemServer.java
中被创建:
if (!disableNetwork && !disableNetworkTime) {
try {
Slog.i(TAG, "NetworkTimeUpdateService");
networkTimeUpdater = new NetworkTimeUpdateService(context);
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("starting NetworkTimeUpdate service", e);
}
}
...
...
try {
if (networkTimeUpdaterF != null) networkTimeUpdaterF.systemRunning();
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("Notifying NetworkTimeService running", e);
}
源码:
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/NetworkTimeUpdateService.java
NetworkTimeUpdateService
初始时会:
/** Initialize the receivers and initiate the first NTP request */
public void systemRunning() {
registerForTelephonyIntents();
registerForAlarms();
registerForConnectivityIntents();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
thread.start();
mHandler = new MyHandler(thread.getLooper());
// Check the network time on the new thread
mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME).sendToTarget();
mSettingsObserver = new SettingsObserver(mHandler, EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED);
mSettingsObserver.observe(mContext);
}
如果没有收到NITZ时间的更新并且NTP超过一定间隔没有更新时间,服务会主动去同步NTP时间:
// force refresh NTP cache when outdated
if (mTime.getCacheAge() >= mPollingIntervalMs) {
mTime.forceRefresh();
}
这里可能会出现问题,时区选对了,但是时间日期都不准确,这里原因NTPServer服务器配置不对
修改配置位置:frameworks\base\core\res\res\values\config.xml
关键参数config_ntpServer
可以参考一下
<!-- Remote server that can provide NTP responses. -->
<string translatable="false" name="config_ntpServer">2.android.pool.ntp.org</string>
<!-- Normal polling frequency in milliseconds -->
<integer name="config_ntpPollingInterval">864000000</integer>
<!-- Try-again polling interval in milliseconds, in case the network request failed -->
<integer name="config_ntpPollingIntervalShorter">60000</integer>
<!-- Number of times to try again with the shorter interval, before backing
off until the normal polling interval. A value < 0 indicates infinite. -->
<integer name="config_ntpRetry">3</integer>
<!-- If the time difference is greater than this threshold in milliseconds,
then update the time. -->
<integer name="config_ntpThreshold">5000</integer>
<!-- Timeout to wait for NTP server response. -->
<integer name="config_ntpTimeout">20000</integer>
NTP从服务器获取时间:
@Override
public boolean forceRefresh() {
...
// We can't do this at initialization time: ConnectivityService might not be running yet.
synchronized (this) {
if (mCM == null) {
mCM = (ConnectivityManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
}
}
...
if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "forceRefresh() from cache miss");
final SntpClient client = new SntpClient();
if (client.requestTime(mServer, (int) mTimeout)) {
mHasCache = true;
mCachedNtpTime = client.getNtpTime();
mCachedNtpElapsedRealtime = client.getNtpTimeReference();
mCachedNtpCertainty = client.getRoundTripTime() / 2;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
源码: /frameworks/base/core/java/android/util/NtpTrustedTime.java
Telephony Framework层在接收到最新的NITZ时间后,会主动发送广播请求更新系统时间,NetworkTimeUpateService接收到广播后,保存相应的NITZ时间,下一次poll请求时,就会将该事件更新为系统时间。
private BroadcastReceiver mNitzReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (TelephonyIntents.ACTION_NETWORK_SET_TIME.equals(action)) {
mNitzTimeSetTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
} else if (TelephonyIntents.ACTION_NETWORK_SET_TIMEZONE.equals(action)) {
mNitzZoneSetTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
}
}
};
在setting中勾选“自动确定时间和日期”、“自动确定时区”后对key值为AUTO_TIME和AUTO_TIME_ZONE的Preference进行了赋值.
源码路径:packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/DateTimeSettings.java
void observe(Context context) {
ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
resolver.registerContentObserver(Settings.Global.getUriFor(Settings.Global.AUTO_TIME),
false, this);
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
mHandler.obtainMessage(mMsg).sendToTarget();
}
NetworkTimeUpdateService
在检测到key值改变的时,就会发送一个消息EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED
;handler接到消息后进行消息处理调用onPollNetworkTime(msg.what)
:
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_AUTO_TIME_CHANGED:
case EVENT_POLL_NETWORK_TIME:
case EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTED:
onPollNetworkTime(msg.what);
break;
}
}
在onPollNetworkTime方法中先判断是否勾选“自动更新时间”,如果没勾选直接退出,如果勾选了再看。如果NITZ已经更新了(不为NOT_SET(-1)),且更新间隔小于mPollingIntervalMs(mPollingIntervalMs=24*60*60*1000),则直接用NITZ更新系统时间,否则用NTP同步时间。
// If NITZ time was received less than mPollingIntervalMs time ago,
// no need to sync to NTP.
if (mNitzTimeSetTime != NOT_SET && refTime - mNitzTimeSetTime < mPollingIntervalMs) {
resetAlarm(mPollingIntervalMs);
return;
}
final long ntp = mTime.currentTimeMillis();
mTryAgainCounter = 0;
// If the clock is more than N seconds off or this is the first time it's been
// fetched since boot, set the current time.
if (Math.abs(ntp - currentTime) > mTimeErrorThresholdMs
|| mLastNtpFetchTime == NOT_SET) {
// Set the system time
......
if (ntp / 1000 < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(ntp);
}
当从NTP服务器上获取的时间和当前时间之差的绝对值大于一个阀值,则认为当前时间错误,需要更新时间。
总结: