Caraballo, H. & King, K. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg. Med. Pract. 16, 1–23 (2014).
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. UNEP: persistent organic pollutants. http://www.pops.int/documents/convtext/convtext_en.pdf (2001).
Singh, G., Kathpal, T. S., Spencer, W. F. & Dhankar, J. S. Dissipation of some organochlorine insecticides in cropped and uncropped soil. Environ. Pollut. 70, 219–239 (1991).
Scholtz, M. T. & Bidleman, T. F. Modelling of the long-term fate of pesticide residues in agricultural soils and their surface exchange with the atmosphere: Part II. Projected long-term fate of pesticide residues. Sci. Total Environ. 377, 61–80 (2007).
Niu, L. L. et al. Status, Influences and risk assessment of hexachlorocyclohexanes in agricultural soils across China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 12140–12147 (2013).
Li, Y. F., Cai, D. J. & Singh, A. Historical DDT use trends in China and usage data gridding with 1/4 by 1/6 longitude/latitude resolution. Adv. Environ. Res. 2, 497–506 (1999).
Tang, M. L. et al. Assessing the underlying breast cancer risk of Chinese females contributed by dietary intake of residual DDT from agricultural soils. Environ. Int. 73, 208–215 (2014).
Niu, L. L., Xu, C., Xu, Y., Zhang, C. L. & Liu, W. P. Hexachlorocyclohexanes in tree bark across Chinese agricultural regions: spatial Distribution and enantiomeric signatures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 12031–12038 (2014).
Kurt-Karakus, P. B., Bidleman, T. F. & Jones, K. C. Chiral organochlorine pesticide signatures in global background soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8671–8677 (2005).
Zhang, N. et al. Compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) to characterize transformation mechanisms of α-hexachlorocyclohexane. J. Hazard. Mater. 280, 750–757 (2014).
Milosevic, N. et al. Combined isotope and enantiomer analysis to assess the fate of phenoxy acids in a heterogeneous geologic setting at an old landfill. Water Res. 47, 637–649 (2013).
Bidleman, T. F., Jantunen, L. M., Kurt-Karakus, P. B. & Wong, F. Chiral persistent organic pollutants as tracers of atmospheric sources and fate: review and prospects for investigating climate change influences. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 3, 371–382 (2012).
Hunkeler, D. et al. Carbon and chlorine isotope ratios of chlorinated ethenes migrating through a thick unsaturated zone of a sandy aquifer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 8247–8253 (2011).
Badea, S. L. & Danet, A. F. Enantioselective stable isotope analysis (ESIA) - a new concept to evaluate the environmental fate of chiral organic contaminants. Sci. Total Environ. 514, 459–466 (2015).
Jammer, S., Voloshenko, A., Gelman, F. & Lev, O. Chiral and isotope analyses for assessing the degradation of organic contaminants in the environment: Rayleigh dependence. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 3310–3318 (2014).
Niu, L. L., Xu, Y., Xu, C., Yun, L. X. & Liu, W. P. Status of phthalate esters contamination in agricultural soils across China and associated health risks. Environ. Pollut. 195, 16–23 (2014).
National Bureau of statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook. China Statistics Press (2013).
World Health Organization (WHO). DDT and its derivatives. (New York, 1979).
Zhang, A. P., Chen, Z. Y., Ahrens, L., Liu, W. P. & Li, Y. F. Concentrations of DDTs and enantiomeric fractions of chiral DDTs in agricultural soils from Zhejiang Province, China, and correlations with total organic carbon and pH. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60, 8294–8301 (2012).
Drenzek, N. J. et al. Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds. Org. Geochem. 33, 437–444 (2002).
Boul, H. L., Garnham, M. L., Hucker, D., Baird, D. & Aislable, J. Influence of agricultural practices on the levels of DDT and its residues in soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 1397–1402 (1994).
Wang, Q. J., Liu, L. Y., Qi, H., Liu, G. M. & Li, Y. F. The pollution status of DDTs in various environmental medium of China. China POPs Forum 2011 & the 6th National Symposium on Persistent Organic Pollutants. (Haerbin, Heilongjiang Province, China 2011) (in Chinese).
Qiu, X. H., Zhu, T., Yao, B., Hu, J. X. & Hu, S. W. Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 4385–4390 (2005).
Li, J., Zhang, G., Qi, S. H., Li, X. D. & Peng, X. Z. Concentrations, enantiomeric compositions, and sources of HCH, DDT and chlordane in soils from the Pearl River Delta, South China. Sci. Total Environ. 372, 215–224 (2006).
Buerge, I. J., Poiger, T., Muller, M. D. & Buser, H. R. Enantioselective degradation of metalaxyl in soils: Chiral preference changes with soil pH. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 2668–2674 (2003).
Lewis, D. L. et al. Influence of environmental changes on degradation of chiral pollutants in soils. Nature 401, 898–901 (1999).
Bashir, S., Fischer, A., Nijenhuis, I. & Richnow, H. H. Enantioselective carbon stable isotope fractionation of hexachlorocyclohexane during aerobic biodegradation by Sphingobium spp. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 11432–11439 (2013).
Li, Y. F. et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls in global air and surface soil: distributions, air-soil exchange, and fractionation effect. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 2784–2790 (2010).
Simonich, S. L. & Hites, R. A. Relationships between socioeconomic indicators and concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in tree bark. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 999–1003 (1997).
Borisover, M. D. & Graber, E. R. Specific interactions of organic compounds with soil organic carbon. Chemosphere 34, 1761–1776 (1997).
Munoz-Arnanz, J. & Jimenez, B. New DDT inputs after 30 years of prohibition in Spain. A case study in agricultural soils from south-western Spain. Environ. Pollut. 159, 3640–3646 (2011).
Fang, H., Dong, B., Yan, H., Tang, F. F. & Yu, Y. L. Characterization of a bacterial strain capable of degrading DDT congeners and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soil. J. Hazard. Mater. 184, 281–289 (2010).
Xie, H. et al. Isolation and degradation ability of the DDT-degrading bacterial strain KK. Environ. Earth Sci. 62, 93–99 (2011).
Qu, J., Xu, Y., Ai, G. M., Liu, Y. & Liu, Z. P. Novel Chryseobacterium sp PYR2 degrades various organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and achieves enhancing removal and complete degradation of DDT in highly contaminated soil. J. Environ. Manage. 161, 350–357 (2015).
Bidlan, R. & Manonmani, H. K. Aerobic degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Serratia marcescens DT-1P. Process Biochem. 38, 49–56 (2002).
Santacruz, G., Bandala, E. R. & Torres, L. G. Chlorinated pesticides (2,4-D and DDT) biodegradation at high concentrations using immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens. J. Environ. Sci. Health., B. 40, 571–583 (2005).
Kantachote, D. et al. DDT resistance and transformation by different microbial strains isolated from DDT-contaminated soils and compost materials. Compost Sci. Util. 11, 300–310 (2003).
Sun, G. D. et al. Biodegradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) with plant and nutrients and their effects on the microbial ecological kinetics. Microb. Ecol. 69, 281–292 (2015).
Chen, M. et al. Anaerobic transformation of DDT related to iron (III) reduction and microbial community structure in paddy soils. J. Agricul. Food Chem. 61, 2224–2233 (2013).
Bao, P. et al. Dechlorination of p,p’-DDTs coupled with sulfate reduction by novel sulfate-reducing bacterium Clostridium sp BXM. Environ. Pollut. 162, 303–310 (2012).
Ba, Y. et al. Ferrous ions accelerate sulfide-induced abiotic dechlorination of DDT in waterlogged paddy soil and in soil solution. J. Soils Sediments 11(7), 1209–1220 (2011).
Abed, R. M. M., Al-Kindi, S. & Al-Kharusi, S. Diversity of bacterial communities along a petroleum contamination gradient in desert soils. Microb. Ecol. 69, 95–105 (2015).
Alexandrino, M., Costa, R., Canario, A. V. M. & Costa, M. C. Clostridia initiate heavy metal bioremoval in mixed sulfidogenic cultures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 3378–3385 (2014).
Guo, J. G. et al. Effect of historical residual hexachlorocyclohexanes and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on bacterial communities in sediment core collected from an estuary in northeastern China by next-generation sequencing. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 93, 68–74 (2015).
Koblizkova, M. et al. Can physicochemical and microbial soil properties explain enantiomeric shifts of chiral organochlorines? Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 5978–5984 (2008).
Mueller, T. A. & Kohler, H. P. E. Chirality of pollutants-effects on metabolism and fate. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 64, 300–316 (2004).