一、前言
上一篇【分层架构设计】我们已经有了架构的轮廓,现在我们就在这个轮廓里面造轮子。项目要想开始,肯定先得确定ORM框架,目前市面上的ORM框架有很多,对于.net人员来说很容易就想到以ADO.NET为基础所发展出来的ORM框架EntityFramework。不得不说EntityFramework是一个功能很强大的ORM框架,到现在最新的EF分别是EF6(.Net Framework)和EF Core(.Net Core)两个版本。
但是这里我使用的另一个叫Dapper的ORM框架,原因是因为EF太重了,而Dapper是一个轻量级开源的ORM类,他是通过扩展IDbConnection提供一些有用的扩展方法去查询您的数据库,所以Ado.Net支持的数据库,他都可以支持。在速度方面具有“King of Micro ORM”的头衔,几乎与使用原始的ADO.NET数据读取器一样快。第一次使用了他之后,就深深的喜欢上他了。
github地址:https://github.com/StackExchange/Dapper
Dapper文档:https://dapper-tutorial.net/dapper
二、Dapper实现
2.1、Dapper的方法
从Dapper文档中,我们知道,Dapper支持一下的方法:
Execute:执行一次或多次命令并返回受影响的行数,包括存储过程
Query:执行查询,返回类型为t的数据(返回数据为集合)
QueryFirst:执行查询并映射第一个结果,如果没有就为null
QueryFirstOrDefault:行查询并映射第一个结果,如果序列不包含任何元素,则可以映射默认值
QuerySingle:行查询并映射第一个结果,如果序列中没有一个元素,则抛出异常
QuerySingleOrDefault:执行查询并映射第一个结果,如果序列为空则映射默认值;如果序列中有多个元素,则此方法抛出异常
QueryMultiple:在同一命令中执行多个查询并映射结果
Dapper还提供了上面方法相同功能的异步方法,同时每个方法也支持多种形式的传参。
2.2、Dapper的使用
在前面的项目中,我们在 “04-DataLayer”文件下面添加类库“PFT.Snail.DataAccess”。PFT.Snail.DataAccess主要是 用来完成Dapper方法的使用。
在PFT.Snail.DataAccess项目下面创建文件“DapperSqlDB.cs”,代码如下:
public class DapperSqlDB { /// <summary> /// 连接字符串 /// </summary> public string ConnectionString { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 数据库连接时间 /// </summary> private int _commondTimeout { get { return 1200; } } public DapperSqlDB() { } public DapperSqlDB(string connectionString) { ConnectionString = connectionString; } #region 查询 /// <summary> /// 查询列表 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public List<T> Query<T>(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return conn.Query<T>(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout).ToList(); } } /// <summary> /// 异步查询列表 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<IEnumerable<T>> QueryAsync<T>(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return await conn.QueryAsync<T>(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /// <summary> /// 查询列表第一条数据 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T QueryFirstOrDefault<T>(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return conn.QueryFirstOrDefault<T>(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /// <summary> /// 异步查询列表第一条数据 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<T> QueryFirstOrDefaultAsync<T>(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return await conn.QueryFirstOrDefaultAsync<T>(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /// <summary> /// 查询选择单个值 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T ExecuteScalar<T>(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return conn.ExecuteScalar<T>(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /// <summary> /// 异步查询选择单个值 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<T> ExecuteScalarAsync<T>(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return await conn.ExecuteScalarAsync<T>(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /*调用方式 * var multi=DBSqlHelper.QueryMultiple("",null); * var invoice = multi.Read<Invoice>().First(); * var invoiceItems = multi.Read<InvoiceItem>().ToList(); */ /// <summary> /// 执行多个查询并映射结果 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public GridReader QueryMultiple(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return conn.QueryMultiple(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /* 调用方式 * await DBSqlHelper.QueryMultipleAsync(sql, para, async (reader) => * { * rs.A= (await reader.ReadFirstAsync<SingleValue<decimal>>()).Value; * rs.B= (await reader.ReadFirstAsync<SingleValue<decimal>>()).Value; * ... * }); */ /// <summary> /// 异步执行多个查询并映射结果 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <param name="readerCallback"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task QueryMultipleAsync(string sql, object param, Action<GridReader> readerCallback) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); using (var reader = await conn.QueryMultipleAsync(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout)) { if (readerCallback != null) { readerCallback(reader); } } } } #endregion #region 执行sql /// <summary> /// 执行sql语句 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int Execute(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return conn.Execute(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /// <summary> /// 异步执行sql语句 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<int> ExecuteAsync(string sql, object param) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return await conn.ExecuteAsync(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout); } } /// <summary> /// 执行sql语句(主要指存储过程) /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int Execute(string sql, object param, CommandType type) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return conn.Execute(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout, commandType: type); } } /// <summary> /// 异步执行sql语句(主要指存储过程) /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<int> ExecuteAsync(string sql, object param, CommandType type) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); return await conn.ExecuteAsync(sql, param, commandTimeout: _commondTimeout, commandType: type); } } #endregion }
同时Nuget添加System.Data.SqlClient和Dapper的引用。
上面已经实现了数据的增删改查操作,但是再使用过程就会发现,没有事务机制和分页功能。
添加事务功能
在PFT.Snail.DataAccess中添加接口“ITransaction.cs”
public interface ITransaction { List<T> Query<T>(string sql, object param); T QueryFirstOrDefault<T>(string sql, object param); T ExecuteScalar<T>(string sql, object param); int Execute(string sql, object param); }
在“DapperSqlDB.cs”添加事务对象
#region 事务方法 /// <summary> /// 事务执行方法对象 /// </summary> private class Transaction : IDisposable, ITransaction { private IDbConnection conn = null; private IDbTransaction tran = null; public Transaction(IDbConnection conn, IDbTransaction tran) { this.conn = conn; this.tran = tran; } List<T> ITransaction.Query<T>(string sql, object param) { return conn.Query<T>(sql, param, tran).ToList(); } T ITransaction.QueryFirstOrDefault<T>(string sql, object param) { return conn.QueryFirstOrDefault<T>(sql, param, tran); } T ITransaction.ExecuteScalar<T>(string sql, object param) { return conn.ExecuteScalar<T>(sql, param, tran); } int ITransaction.Execute(string sql, object param) { return conn.Execute(sql, param, tran); } void IDisposable.Dispose() { if (this.tran != null) { this.tran.Dispose(); } if (this.conn != null) { this.conn.Dispose(); } } } #endregion
添加事务方法
/*调用方式 * DBSqlHelper.ExecuteTransaction((trans) => * { * trans.Execute(sqlinsertct, selectedClass); * trans.Execute(sqlinsertict, selectedClass); * }); */ /// <summary> /// 事务方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="tranAction"></param> /// <param name="level"></param> /// <param name="newConnectionString"></param> public void ExecuteTransaction(Action<ITransaction> tranAction, IsolationLevel? level = null, string newConnectionString = null) { using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { conn.Open(); IDbTransaction tran = null; if (level == null) { tran = conn.BeginTransaction(); } else { tran = conn.BeginTransaction(level.Value); } using (Transaction tranHelper = new Transaction(conn, tran)) { try { tranAction(tranHelper); tran.Commit(); } catch { tran.Rollback(); throw; } } } }
添加分页功能
在“PFT.Snail.Dto”中添加“Common”文件夹,下面在添加“PageResponse.cs”
/// <summary> /// 通用分页返回 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> public class PageResponse<T> { /// <summary> /// 总条数 /// </summary> public long TotalCount { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 返回 /// </summary> public List<T> Items { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 当前页 /// </summary> public long PageIndex { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 每页条数 /// </summary> public long PageSize { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 总页数 /// </summary> public long TotalPages { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 返回筛选集合 /// </summary> public Dictionary<string, List<string>> ResultFilter = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>(); }
在“DapperSqlDB.cs”添加分页功能
/// <summary> /// Sqlserver 分页查询(只支持Sqlserver2012以上数据库) /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="page"></param> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="param"></param> /// <returns></returns> public PageResponse<T> QueryPageSql<T>(PageRequest page, string sql, object param) { var pageResult = new PageResponse<T>(); pageResult.PageIndex = page.PageIndex; var queryNumSql = new StringBuilder($"SELECT COUNT(1) FROM ({sql}) AS maptable"); pageResult.TotalCount = ExecuteScalar<int>(queryNumSql.ToString(), param); if (pageResult.TotalCount == 0) { return pageResult; } var pageMinCount = (page.PageIndex - 1) * page.PageSize + 1; if (pageResult.TotalCount < pageMinCount) { page.PageIndex = (int)((pageResult.TotalCount - 1) / page.PageSize) + 1; } var querySql = new StringBuilder($@"SELECT maptable.* FROM ({sql}) AS maptable "); if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(page.SortBy)) { querySql.AppendLine(page.GetOrderBySql()); } querySql.AppendLine($" OFFSET {(page.PageIndex - 1) * page.PageSize} ROWS FETCH NEXT {page.PageSize} ROWS ONLY;"); pageResult.Items = Query<T>(querySql.ToString(), param); return pageResult; }
分页的代码只支持SQl2012以上的版本,如果是一下的版本,可以自己重构代码。
到现在才算把Dapper框架的运用方法全部实现了。
三、总结
虽然实现了Dapper框架的运用方法,但是在真实的项目中,运用这样的方法或多或少有很多不便。同时在架构的设计来说,也不是太合理,因为Repository依赖DapperSqlDB的具体实现,需要抽象出接口。既然存在所说的问题,那为什么不直接写出最终方法呢?这是因为必须弄清楚Dapper的运用,我们才能够对他进行定制化的优化。