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linux启动lighttpd服务,Linux下Lighttpd的安装配置

扈昀
2023-12-01

Linux下Lighttpd的安装配置

Lighttpd

#安装2014-04-20 22:14

1.安装

可从http://lighttpd.net/download/下载最新的源码(.tar.gz)或者rpm包。如果下载的是.tar.gz文件,则和GNU的其他软件一样,先./configure一下,然后 make && make install就搞定了。但是如果你想定制一些功能,就得好好看看解压后README, INSTALL以及./configure --help的输出结果了。这里仅仅说一下如何从源码安装,其他安装方式可参考 http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/wiki/TutorialInstallation。

$ gzip -cd lighttpd-1.4.9.tar.gz   tar xf -

...

$ cd lighttpd-1.4.9

$ ./configure --help

`configure' configures lighttpd 1.4.9 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as

VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:

...

Installation directories:

--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX

[/usr/local]

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX

[PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in

`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify

an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',

for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:

...

Program names:

...

System types:

...

Optional Features:

--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)

--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

--enable-maintainer-mode enable make rules and dependencies not useful

(and sometimes confusing) to the casual installer

--disable-dependency-tracking speeds up one-time build

--enable-dependency-tracking do not reject slow dependency extractors

--enable-static[=PKGS]

build static libraries [default=no]

--enable-shared[=PKGS]

build shared libraries [default=yes]

--enable-fast-install[=PKGS]

optimize for fast installation [default=yes]

--disable-libtool-lock avoid locking (might break parallel builds)

--enable-lfs Turn on Large File System (default)

--disable-ipv6 disable IPv6 support

Optional Packages:

--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]

--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)

--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]

--with-pic try to use only PIC/non-PIC objects [default=use

both]

--with-tags[=TAGS]

include additional configurations [automatic]

--with-mysql[=PATH]

Include MySQL support. PATH is the path to

'mysql_config'

--with-ldap enable LDAP support

--with-attr enable extended attribute support

--with-valgrind enable internal support for valgrind

--with-openssl[=DIR]

Include openssl support (default no)

--with-openssl-includes=DIR

OpenSSL includes

--with-openssl-libs=DIR OpenSSL libraries

--with-kerberos5 use Kerberos5 support with OpenSSL

--with-pcre Enable pcre support (default yes)

--with-bzip2 Enable bzip2 support for mod_compress

--with-fam fam/gamin for reducing number of stat() calls

--with-webdav-props properties in mod_webdav

--with-gdbm gdbm storage for mod_trigger_b4_dl

--with-memcache memcached storage for mod_trigger_b4_dl

--with-lua lua engine for mod_cml

Some influential environment variables:

...

如上所述,可通过--prefix指定安装路径,默认安装在/usr/local下。可以指定启用哪些特征(插件),禁用哪些特征(插件)。假定我们要把lighttpd安装到/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9下面。

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9

$ make

$ make install

$ cp doc/lighttpd.conf /usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/ # 拷贝配置文件

$ cd /usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9

$ vi lighttpd.conf # 修改配置文件

配置文件很直观明了,一般只要把server.document-root、server.errorlog、accesslog.filename改成你的实际目录和文件名字就可以了。

$ sbin/lighttpd -f lighttpd.conf # 启动lighttpd服务

$ ps aux   grep lighttpd

www 15403 0.0 0.9 2860 1148 ? S 00:15 0:00 sbin/lighttpd -f

这就完成了从安装到启动的整个过程,很简单吧。从最后一行的输出可以看出,lighttpd是单进程服务的,这和apache不一样(也许是它的稳定性不如apache的一个原因)。

2.整合php和fastcgi

以php-4.3.11为例,编译PHP的时候,不能指定 --with-apxs选项,编译命令行大致如下:

$ ./configure ... --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-fastcgi

$ make

$ sapi/cgi/php -v

PHP 4.3.11 (cgi-fcgi) (built: Jan 30 2006 00:12:34)

Copyright (c) 1997-2004 The PHP Group

Zend Engine v1.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2004 Zend Technologies

make完了后,会在sapi/cli目录生成命令行下的php程序,sapi/cgi下生成fastcgi下的php程序。如果执行sapi/cgi下的php显示版本号,你会发现有 cgi-fcgi的说明,这就表明你成功了。

$ mkdir /usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/fcgi

$ cp sapi/cgi/php /usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/fcgi/

$ vi /usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/lighttpd.conf

我们建立一个子目录fcgi用来保存所有的fast-cgi程序,然后把php拷贝到该目录下。编辑lighttpd.conf,如下所示:

...

server.modules = (

...

"mod_fastcgi",

...)

...

fastcgi.server = (".php" =>

( "127.0.0.1" =>

(

"socket" => "/tmp/fcgi_php.sock",

"bin-path" => "/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/fcgi/php"

)

)

)

重新启动lighttpd就可以了。Lighttpd和fastcgi通信有两种方式:通过Unix socket通信,如以上PHP的启动;通过TCP/IP socket通信。Lighttpd支持基于fastcgi的负载均衡,不过我没尝试过。

关于fastcgi的协议规范,请参考http://www.fastcgi.com/,以下是我自己写的一个fastcgi的配置样例:

fastcgi.server = ( "/fastcgi/adsim" =>

( "127.0.0.1" =>

(

"host" => "127.0.0.1",

"port" => 4000,

"bin-path" => "/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/fcgi/adsim",

"check-local" => "disable"

)

)

check-local必须设置为disable,否则因为找不到/fastcgi/adsim会导致请求失败。

3.制作lighttpd启动脚本

每次启动lighttpd时我们要指定配置文件的位置,停止lighttpd时要先找到进程号,然后用kill发送停止信号,有点太麻烦了。好在lighttpd自带了一个脚本程序能辅助完成这些操作,只要稍微改改就能用了,那就是源码目录doc/rc.lighttpd和doc/rc.lighttpd.redhat,后者专用于RedHat Linux。主要的改动之处在于:

...

if [ -z "$LIGHTTPD_CONF_PATH" ]; then

LIGHTTPD_CONF_PATH="/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/lighttpd.conf"

fi

...

lighttpd="/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.9/usr/sbin/lighttpd"

...

用这个脚本管理lighttpd是不是方便多了。

4.Lighttpd和OpenSSL

Lighttpd默认不编译ssl模块,所以必须在编译的时候明确指定 --with-openssl,然后再生成自签署的服务器证书或者从CA那里获取。生成自签署证书的方法如下:

$ openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem \

-out server.pem -days 365 -nodes

Lighttpd要求证书和私匙保存在同一个文件里,如果是分开的,则需要合并:

$ cat host.key host.crt > host.pem

配置lighttpd.conf,大致样子如下:

ssl.engine = "enable"

ssl.pemfile = "server.pem"

你可以针对某个虚拟主机做这样的设置,但是由于SSL工作在TCP层,所以不能设置基于名称的虚拟主机,只能设置基于端口的。 以下是一个配置样例:

$SERVER["socket"] == "192.168.146.128:443" {

ssl.engine = "enable"

ssl.pemfile = "/usr/local/lighttpd/certs/server.pem"

server.document-root = "/home/www/yigeorg/www"

}

5.配置目录列表

修改 lighttpd.conf,大致如下所示:

server.module = {

...

"mod_dirlisting",

...}

dir-listing.activate = "enable"

6.配置CGI

修改lighttpd.conf,首先需要启动mod_cgi,然后在static-file.exclude-extensions中指定cgi文件的扩展名,最后通过cgi.assign配置指令进行关联。

对于带扩展名且需要特定解析程序执行的CGI,可以指定解析程序的路径,比如:

cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl",

".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl" )

对于带扩展名切不需要特定解析程序就能执行的CGI,可指定解析程序为空,比如:

cgi.assign = (".cgi" => "")

对于不带扩展名的CGI程序,只能通过固定路径存取了,比如:

cgi.assgin = ( "/cgi-bin/mycgi" => "/usr/local/cgi/mycgi )

7.置虚拟主机

配置基于端口的虚拟主机上文有所描述,基于名称的虚拟主机也很简单。修改lighttpd.conf,启动模块mod_simple_vhost,然后指定你的虚拟主机信息,比如:

$HTTP["host"] == "yige.org" {

server.document-root = "/var/www/servers/news2.yige.org/pages/"

}

Lighttpd注重于速度,而Apache注重于稳定性和功能,怎么选择还得看具体的应用。

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