PHP Laravel-Homestead开发环境安装与配置
Laravel Homestead 是一个官方预载的 Vagrant「封装包」，提供你一个美好的开发环境，不需要在你的本机端安装 PHP、HHVM、网页服务器或任何服务器软件。
Homestead 可以在任何 Windows、Mac 或 Linux 上面运行，
里面包含了 Nginx 网页服务器、PHP 5.6、MySQL、Postgres、Redis、Memcached等软件，
还有所有你要开发精彩的 Laravel 应用程序所需的软件。
本机系统环境:
$ uname -mnprs
Darwin YONG-TEST.local 15.6.0 x86_64 i386
$ sw_vers
ProductName: Mac OS X
ProductVersion: 10.11.6
BuildVersion: 15G31
不使用用Homestead，直接在本机安装:
使用homebrew安装PHP7:
$ brew update
$ brew search php70
homebrew/php/php70
homebrew/php/php70-gmagick
homebrew/php/php70-maxminddb
homebrew/php/php70-pdo-pgsql
homebrew/php/php70-stats
homebrew/php/php70-amqp
$ brew install homebrew/php/php70
配置php-fpm端口为9002， 因为本机已经安装了php5.4, 占用了9001端口。
配置Nginx配置文件：
重启Nginx服务器。
接下来，我们主要看怎么使用Homestead安装Laravel开发环境？
安装Homestead Vagrant Box:
下载 Homestead:
$ git clone https://github.com/laravel/homestead.git Homestead
$ cd Homestead/
$ ls
CHANGELOG.md Vagrantfile composer.lock init.bat readme.md /src
LICENSE.txt composer.json homestead init.sh /scripts
$ bash init.sh
下载 Homestead Vagrant Box：
$ vagrant box add laravel/homestead
执行示例:
//下载安装laravel/homestead：
$ vagrant box add laravel/homestead --force
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'laravel/homestead'
box: URL: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/laravel/homestead
==> box: Adding box 'laravel/homestead' (v0.5.0) for provider: virtualbox
box: Downloading: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/laravel/boxes/homestead/versions/0.5.0/providers/virtualbox.box
box: Progress: 5% (Rate: 572k/s, Estimated time remaining: 0:33:13)
...
//下载成功后显示如下:
==> box: Successfully added box 'laravel/homestead' (v0.5.0) for 'virtualbox'!
启动虚拟机
$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
There are errors in the configuration of this machine. Please fix the following errors and try again:
vm: * The host path of the shared folder is missing: ~/Code
//报错：没有“~/Code”目录，那我们就创建一个:
$ mkdir ~/Code
$ vagrant up
打开VirtualBox中，可以看到有一个名为"homestead-7"的虚拟机正在运行(状态为:Running)。
配置Hosts文件:
$ sudo vi /etc/hosts
//增加一条记录:
192.168.10.10 homestead.app
Make sure the IP address listed is the one set in your ~/.homestead/Homestead.yaml file.
使用laravel创建一个站点:
$ cd ~/Code
$ composer require laravel/homestead --dev
配置文件“Homestead.yaml”里包含一个示例站点配置.
注意默认的站点是"/home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public",
所以我们现在创建在~/Code下面创建一个名为"Laravel"。
$ laravel new Laravel
-bash: laravel: command not found
//创建Laravel项目:
$ ~/.composer/vendor/bin/laravel new Laravel
//生成一个名为"Laravel"的项目:
$ ls
app bootstrap composer.lock database package.json public resources server.php tests
artisan composer.json config gulpfile.js phpunit.xml readme.md routes storage vendor
Laravel公开访问目录：
/home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public
打开浏览器，输入"http://homestead.app/", 即可正常访问。
配置 Homestead
配置文件路径是: ~/.homestead/Homestead.yaml
配置文件内容如下:
ip: "192.168.10.10"
memory: 2048
cpus: 1
provider: virtualbox
authorize: ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
keys:
- ~/.ssh/id_rsa
folders:
- map: ~/Code
to: /home/vagrant/Code
sites:
- map: homestead.app
to: /home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public
databases:
- homestead
配置示例: 新增一个网站"kaixin123.app":
(1) 新增网站目录"kaixin123net":
在Code目录中新增一个kaixin123net目录，作为新增网站的根目录:
创建一个index.html文件，随便写写内容，比如"hello,kaixin123.app":
路径如下: ~/Code/kaixin123net/index.html
(2) 增加sites：
$ vim ~/.homestead/Homestead.yaml
//在sites中新增一条map记录,修改后配置如下:
//配置中的xunij “/home/vagrant/Code/kaixin123net” 对应我们本地的 "~/Code/kaixin123net"
sites:
### 默认
- map: homestead.app
to: /home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public
### 新增加一个网站，域名为kaixin123.app
- map: kaixin123.app
to: /home/vagrant/Code/kaixin123net
(3) 新增一条host记录:
$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
//新增一条host记录，IP是Homestead.yaml中“ip”，修改后如下：
... (略) ...
192.168.10.10 homestead.app
192.168.10.10 kaixin123.app
(4) 打开浏览器，输入"http://kaixin123.app/", 可以正常访问。
登录虚拟机:
$ cd ~/Homestead/
$ vagrant ssh
/进入~/Homestead/目录
YONGTEST:~ WangTom$ cd ~/Homestead/
YONGTEST:Homestead WangTom$
//登录虚拟机
YONGTEST:Homestead WangTom$ vagrant ssh
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-22-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
Last login: Fri Sep 23 06:42:33 2016 from 10.0.2.2
//有Code文件夹，这个/home/vagrant/Code与本机的~/Code目录会保持同步
vagrant@homestead:~$ ls
Code
//退出虚拟机
vagrant@homestead:~$ exit
logout
Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.
连接Homestead数据库:
MySQL/Postgres
To connect to your MySQL or Postgres database from your host machine via Navicat or Sequel Pro:
Connect to 127.0.0.1 and port 33060 (MySQL) or 54320 (Postgres).
The username and password for both databases is homestead / secret.
地址: 192.168.10.10
端口: 3306
用户名: homestead
密码: secret
登录虚拟机数据库:
vagrant@homestead:~$ mysql -h192.168.10.10 -uhomestead -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 51
Server version: 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| homestead |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
扩展阅读
- brew
brew(即Homebrew), 是macOS上的软件包管理工具, 能在Mac中方便的安装软件或者卸载软件,类似ubuntu系统下的apt-get的功能.
Homebrew- The missing package manager for OS X
http://brew.sh/
- Vagrant
Vagrant是一个基于Ruby的工具，用于创建和部署虚拟化开发环境。它使用Oracle的开源VirtualBox虚拟化系统，使用Chef创建自动化虚拟环境。
https://www.vagrantup.com/
- Laravel
Laravel是一套简洁、优雅的PHP Web开发框架(PHP Web Framework)。
https://laravel.com/
参考资料
https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/homestead
http://laravelacademy.org/post/2749.html
http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.1/homestead
https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/getting-started/
更新记录
- 20160825 新增此文档
- 20160829 更新文档，改成Homestead安装与配置
- 20160922 更新文档，新增配置多站点
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