Query DSL - Term Query

Term Query

词条查询

Returns documents that contain an exact term in a provided field.

返回指定字段中包含精确词条的文档。

You can use the term query to find documents based on a precise value such as a price, a product ID, or a username.

您可以使用term查询根据精确的值（例如价格，产品ID或用户名）查找文档。

警告：

Avoid using the term query for text fields.

避免对text字段使用term查询。

By default, Elasticsearch changes the values of text fields as part of analysis. This can make finding exact matches for text field values difficult.

默认情况下，Elasticsearch在analysis的阶段会更改text字段的值，一部分。这使得很难按照精确匹配来查找text字段的值。

To search text field values, use the match query instead.

要搜索text字段值，请改用match查询。

Example request

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "user": {
                "value": "Kimchy",
                "boost": 1.0
            }
        }
    }
}

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Top-level parameters for term

term的一级参数

• field

  (Required, object) Field you wish to search.

  （必填，对象）您要搜索的字段。

Parameters for field

field的参数

• value

  (Required, string) Term you wish to find in the provided field. To return a document, the term must exactly match the field value, including whitespace and capitalization.

  （必需，字符串）您希望在指定field要查找的词条。要返回文档，该词条必须与字段值完全匹配，包括空格和大写字母。

• boost

  (Optional, float) Floating point number used to decrease or increase the relevance scores of a query. Defaults to 1.0.

  （可选，float）浮点数，用于降低或增加查询的 相关性分数。默认为1.0。

  You can use the boost parameter to adjust relevance scores for searches containing two or more queries.

  您可以使用该boost参数来调整包含两个或多个查询的搜索的相关性得分。

  Boost values are relative to the default value of 1.0. A boost value between 0 and 1.0 decreases the relevance score. A value greater than 1.0 increases the relevance score.

  boost值是相对于默认值的1.0的。介于0和 1.0之间的boost值会降低相关性得分。大于1.0的boost值会增加相关性得分。

Notes

Avoid using the term query for text fields

避免对text字段用`term查询

By default, Elasticsearch changes the values of text fields during analysis. For example, the default standard analyzer changes text field values as follows:

默认情况下，Elasticsearch在分析期间更改 text字段的值。例如，默认的标准分析器按如下方式更改text字段值：

• Removes most punctuation

• Divides the remaining content into individual words, called tokens

• Lowercases the tokens

• 删除大多数标点符号

• 将剩余内容分为单个词，称为 token

• 小写token

To better search text fields, the match query also analyzes your provided search term before performing a search. This means the match query can search text fields for analyzed tokens rather than an exact term.

为了更好地搜索text字段，match查询在执行搜索之前会为您提供的搜索词进行分词处理。这意味着match查询可以用分析后的tokens在text字段中进行搜索，而不是精确的词条。

The term query does not analyze the search term. The term query only searches for the exact term you provide. This means the term query may return poor or no results when searching text fields.

term查询并没有分析搜索词。term查询仅搜索您提供的精确词条。这意味着term在搜索text字段时查询可能返回差的结果或没有结果。

To see the difference in search results, try the following example.

要查看搜索结果的差异，请尝试以下示例。

1. Create an index with a text field called full_text.

   创建一个带text类型的full_text字段的索引。

   PUT my_index
   {
       "mappings" : {
           "properties" : {
               "full_text" : { "type" : "text" }
           }
       }
   }
   

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2. Index a document with a value of Quick Brown Foxes! in the full_text field.

   添加一个full_text 字段值为Quick Brown Foxes!的文档。

   PUT my_index/_doc/1
   {
     "full_text":   "Quick Brown Foxes!"
   }
   

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   Because full_text is a text field, Elasticsearch changes Quick Brown Foxes! to [quick, brown, fox] during analysis.

   由于full_text是一个text字段，因此Elasticsearch 在分析期间会将Quick Brown Foxes!更改为 [quick, brown, fox]。

3. Use the term query to search for Quick Brown Foxes! in the full_text field. Include the pretty parameter so the response is more readable.

   使用term查询在full_text 字段中搜索Quick Brown Foxes!。包括pretty参数，以便响应更易读。

   GET my_index/_search?pretty
   {
     "query": {
       "term": {
         "full_text": "Quick Brown Foxes!"
       }
     }
   }
   

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   Because the full_text field no longer contains the exact term Quick Brown Foxes!, the term query search returns no results.

   因为full_text字段不再包含精确的词条Quick Brown Foxes!，所以term查询搜索不返回任何结果。

4. Use the match query to search for Quick Brown Foxes! in the full_text field.

   使用match查询在full_text 字段中搜索Quick Brown Foxes!。

   GET my_index/_search?pretty
   {
     "query": {
       "match": {
         "full_text": "Quick Brown Foxes!"
       }
     }
   }
   

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   Unlike the term query, the match query analyzes your provided search term, Quick Brown Foxes!, before performing a search. The match query then returns any documents containing the quick, brown, or fox tokens in the full_text field.

   与term查询不同，match查询Quick Brown Foxes!在执行搜索之前会为您提供的搜索词进行分词 。match查询会返回full_text字段中中包含quick，brown或fox词条的文档 。

   Here’s the response for the match query search containing the indexed document in the results.

   这是match查询返回的搜索结果，其中包含索引到的文档。

   {
     "took" : 1,
     "timed_out" : false,
     "_shards" : {
       "total" : 1,
       "successful" : 1,
       "skipped" : 0,
       "failed" : 0
     },
     "hits" : {
       "total" : {
         "value" : 1,
         "relation" : "eq"
       },
       "max_score" : 0.8630463,
       "hits" : [
         {
           "_index" : "my_index",
           "_type" : "_doc",
           "_id" : "1",
           "_score" : 0.8630463,
           "_source" : {
             "full_text" : "Quick Brown Foxes!"
           }
         }
       ]
     }
   }