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linux gedit 编辑器小记（gedit 修改hosts）（gedit修改grub引导参数）

潘英豪
2023-12-01

今天用到了ubuntu的gedit来编辑文件，记录一下。
gedit也是一款linux的编辑器，今天修改hosts，vim不能用，gedit可以。

1.修改hosts

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

2.修改ubuntn引导参数

ubuntu系统安装完是用的ubuntu的 grub 2.02 引导，可以修改其参数达到我们开机默认引导哪个系统，默认等待秒数。还有引导系统名字。(下面代码中注释的文字下面即是改变的地方)

打开grub文件

sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

打开后文本如下

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
	#引导默认第几项，0标开始
   set default="2"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,gpt10'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt10 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt10 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt10  6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=zh_CN
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
  set timeout=30
else
  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=hidden
    #设置默认等待选择时间
    set timeout=3
  # Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
  # unavailable.
  elif sleep --interruptible 10 ; then
    set timeout=0
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
  clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
	set gfxpayload="${1}"
	if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
		set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=1
	else
		set vt_handoff=
	fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu 18' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850' {
	recordfail
	load_video
	gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
	insmod gzio
	if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
	insmod part_gpt
	insmod ext2
	set root='hd1,gpt12'
	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt12 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt12 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt12  4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
	else
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
	fi
        linux	/vmlinuz-4.15.0-43-generic root=UUID=6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
	initrd	/initrd.img-4.15.0-43-generic
}
submenu 'Ubuntu 高级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850' {
	menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.15.0-43-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-43-generic-advanced-6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850' {
		recordfail
		load_video
		gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_gpt
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd1,gpt12'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt12 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt12 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt12  4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		fi
		echo	'载入 Linux 4.15.0-43-generic ...'
	        linux	/vmlinuz-4.15.0-43-generic root=UUID=6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
		echo	'载入初始化内存盘...'
		initrd	/initrd.img-4.15.0-43-generic
	}
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-43-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-43-generic-recovery-6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850' {
		recordfail
		load_video
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_gpt
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd1,gpt12'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt12 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt12 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt12  4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		fi
		echo	'载入 Linux 4.15.0-43-generic ...'
	        linux	/vmlinuz-4.15.0-43-generic root=UUID=6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850 ro recovery nomodeset 
		echo	'载入初始化内存盘...'
		initrd	/initrd.img-4.15.0-43-generic
	}
	menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.15.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-29-generic-advanced-6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850' {
		recordfail
		load_video
		gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_gpt
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd1,gpt12'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt12 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt12 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt12  4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		fi
		echo	'载入 Linux 4.15.0-29-generic ...'
	        linux	/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=UUID=6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
		echo	'载入初始化内存盘...'
		initrd	/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
	}
	menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-29-generic-recovery-6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850' {
		recordfail
		load_video
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_gpt
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd1,gpt12'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt12 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt12 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt12  4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4f0df018-873e-49cf-9ca7-1e0eaf0a6cd3
		fi
		echo	'载入 Linux 4.15.0-29-generic ...'
	        linux	/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=UUID=6d05d08a-e805-458e-9468-5f5fa1ccd850 ro recovery nomodeset 
		echo	'载入初始化内存盘...'
		initrd	/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
	}
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
# 修改启动项win10的名字
menuentry 'Windows 10 专业版' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-68B0-640E' {
	insmod part_gpt
	insmod fat
	set root='hd0,gpt2'
	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  68B0-640E
	else
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 68B0-640E
	fi
	chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
# 修改启动项win7的名字
menuentry 'Windows 7 旗舰版' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-8CEF-6F38' {
	insmod part_gpt
	insmod fat
	set root='hd1,gpt2'
	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd1,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,gpt2  8CEF-6F38
	else
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8CEF-6F38
	fi
	chainloader /efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
  set timeout=3
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
	fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
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