Vue源码系列11------Vue组件化----createComponent 【创造组件】

公西姚石
2023-12-01

Vue.js 的一个核心思想是组件化。所谓组件化,就是把页面拆分成多个组件 (component),每个组件依赖的 CSS、JavaScript、模板、图片等资源放在一起开发和维护。组件的资源是独立的,组件在系统内部可复用,组件和组件之间可以嵌套。下面来看看

 createComponent 的实现,了解到它在渲染一个组件的时候的 3 个关键逻辑:构造子类构造函数,安装组件钩子函数和实例化 vnodecreateComponent 后返回的是组件 vnode,它也一样走到 vm._update 方法,进而执行了 patch 函数。

接下来看看用 Vue-cli 初始化的代码为例,来分析一下 Vue 组件初始化的一个过程。

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'

var app = new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  // 这里的 h 是 createElement 方法
  render: h => h(App)
})

它通过 render 函数去渲染的,不同的这次通过 createElement 传的参数是一个组件而不是一个原生的标签。

之前在分析 createElement 的实现的时候,它最终会调用 _createElement 方法,其中有一段逻辑是对参数 tag 的判断,如果是一个普通的 html 标签,像上一章的例子那样是一个普通的 div,则会实例化一个普通 VNode 节点,否则通过 createComponent 方法创建一个组件 VNode。

if (typeof tag === 'string') {
  let Ctor
  ns = (context.$vnode && context.$vnode.ns) || config.getTagNamespace(tag)
  if (config.isReservedTag(tag)) {
    // platform built-in elements
    vnode = new VNode(
      config.parsePlatformTagName(tag), data, children,
      undefined, undefined, context
    )
  } else if (isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) {
    // component
    vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag)
  } else {
    // unknown or unlisted namespaced elements
    // check at runtime because it may get assigned a namespace when its
    // parent normalizes children
    vnode = new VNode(
      tag, data, children,
      undefined, undefined, context
    )
  }
} else {
  // direct component options / constructor
  vnode = createComponent(tag, data, context, children)
}

从上面可以看出传入的是一个 App 对象,它本质上是一个 Component 类型,那么它会走到上述代码的 else 逻辑,直接通过 createComponent 方法来创建 vnode。所以接下来我们来看一下 createComponent 方法的实现,它定义在 src/core/vdom/create-component.js 文件中:

export function createComponent (
  Ctor: Class<Component> | Function | Object | void,
  data: ?VNodeData,
  context: Component,
  children: ?Array<VNode>,
  tag?: string
): VNode | Array<VNode> | void {
  if (isUndef(Ctor)) {
    return
  }

  const baseCtor = context.$options._base

  // plain options object: turn it into a constructor
  if (isObject(Ctor)) {
    Ctor = baseCtor.extend(Ctor)
  }

  // if at this stage it's not a constructor or an async component factory,
  // reject.
  if (typeof Ctor !== 'function') {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      warn(`Invalid Component definition: ${String(Ctor)}`, context)
    }
    return
  }

  // async component
  let asyncFactory
  if (isUndef(Ctor.cid)) {
    asyncFactory = Ctor
    Ctor = resolveAsyncComponent(asyncFactory, baseCtor, context)
    if (Ctor === undefined) {
      // return a placeholder node for async component, which is rendered
      // as a comment node but preserves all the raw information for the node.
      // the information will be used for async server-rendering and hydration.
      return createAsyncPlaceholder(
        asyncFactory,
        data,
        context,
        children,
        tag
      )
    }
  }

  data = data || {}

  // resolve constructor options in case global mixins are applied after
  // component constructor creation
  resolveConstructorOptions(Ctor)

  // transform component v-model data into props & events
  if (isDef(data.model)) {
    transformModel(Ctor.options, data)
  }

  // extract props
  const propsData = extractPropsFromVNodeData(data, Ctor, tag)

  // functional component
  if (isTrue(Ctor.options.functional)) {
    return createFunctionalComponent(Ctor, propsData, data, context, children)
  }

  // extract listeners, since these needs to be treated as
  // child component listeners instead of DOM listeners
  const listeners = data.on
  // replace with listeners with .native modifier
  // so it gets processed during parent component patch.
  data.on = data.nativeOn

  if (isTrue(Ctor.options.abstract)) {
    // abstract components do not keep anything
    // other than props & listeners & slot

    // work around flow
    const slot = data.slot
    data = {}
    if (slot) {
      data.slot = slot
    }
  }

  // install component management hooks onto the placeholder node
  installComponentHooks(data)

  // return a placeholder vnode
  const name = Ctor.options.name || tag
  const vnode = new VNode(
    `vue-component-${Ctor.cid}${name ? `-${name}` : ''}`,
    data, undefined, undefined, undefined, context,
    { Ctor, propsData, listeners, tag, children },
    asyncFactory
  )

  // Weex specific: invoke recycle-list optimized @render function for
  // extracting cell-slot template.
  // https://github.com/Hanks10100/weex-native-directive/tree/master/component
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (__WEEX__ && isRecyclableComponent(vnode)) {
    return renderRecyclableComponentTemplate(vnode)
  }

  return vnode
}

可以看到,createComponent 的逻辑也会有一些复杂,但是分析源码比较推荐的是只分析核心流程,分支流程可以之后针对性的看,所以这里针对组件渲染这个 case 主要就 3 个关键步骤:

       构造子类构造函数:

const baseCtor = context.$options._base

// plain options object: turn it into a constructor
if (isObject(Ctor)) {
Ctor = baseCtor.extend(Ctor)
}

我们在编写一个组件的时候,通常都是创建一个普通对象,下面以 App.vue 为例,代码如下:

import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld'

export default {
  name: 'app',
  components: {
    HelloWorld
  }
}

这里 export 的是一个对象,所以 createComponent 里的代码逻辑会执行到 baseCtor.extend(Ctor),在这里 baseCtor 实际上就是 Vue,这个的定义是在最开始初始化 Vue 的阶段,在 src/core/global-api/index.js 中的 initGlobalAPI 函数有这么一段逻辑:

// this is used to identify the "base" constructor to extend all plain-object
// components with in Weex's multi-instance scenarios.
Vue.options._base = Vue

这里定义的是 Vue.option,而我们的 createComponent 取的是 context.$options,实际上在 src/core/instance/init.js 里 Vue 原型上的 _init 函数中有这么一段逻辑:

vm.$options = mergeOptions(
  resolveConstructorOptions(vm.constructor),
  options || {},
  vm
)

这样就把 Vue 上的一些 option 扩展到了 vm.$option 上,所以我们也就能通过 vm.$options._base 拿到 Vue 这个构造函数了。mergeOptions 的实现我们会在后续章节中具体分析,现在只需要理解它的功能是把 Vue 构造函数的 options 和用户传入的 options 做一层合并,到 vm.$options 上。

在了解了 baseCtor 指向了 Vue 之后,我们来看一下 Vue.extend 函数的定义,在 src/core/global-api/extend.js 中。

/**
 * Class inheritance
 */
Vue.extend = function (extendOptions: Object): Function {
  extendOptions = extendOptions || {}
  const Super = this
  const SuperId = Super.cid
  const cachedCtors = extendOptions._Ctor || (extendOptions._Ctor = {})
  if (cachedCtors[SuperId]) {
    return cachedCtors[SuperId]
  }

  const name = extendOptions.name || Super.options.name
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && name) {
    validateComponentName(name)
  }

  const Sub = function VueComponent (options) {
    this._init(options)
  }
  Sub.prototype = Object.create(Super.prototype)
  Sub.prototype.constructor = Sub
  Sub.cid = cid++
  Sub.options = mergeOptions(
    Super.options,
    extendOptions
  )
  Sub['super'] = Super

  // For props and computed properties, we define the proxy getters on
  // the Vue instances at extension time, on the extended prototype. This
  // avoids Object.defineProperty calls for each instance created.
  if (Sub.options.props) {
    initProps(Sub)
  }
  if (Sub.options.computed) {
    initComputed(Sub)
  }

  // allow further extension/mixin/plugin usage
  Sub.extend = Super.extend
  Sub.mixin = Super.mixin
  Sub.use = Super.use

  // create asset registers, so extended classes
  // can have their private assets too.
  ASSET_TYPES.forEach(function (type) {
    Sub[type] = Super[type]
  })
  // enable recursive self-lookup
  if (name) {
    Sub.options.components[name] = Sub
  }

  // keep a reference to the super options at extension time.
  // later at instantiation we can check if Super's options have
  // been updated.
  Sub.superOptions = Super.options
  Sub.extendOptions = extendOptions
  Sub.sealedOptions = extend({}, Sub.options)

  // cache constructor
  cachedCtors[SuperId] = Sub
  return Sub
}

Vue.extend 的作用就是构造一个 Vue 的子类,它使用一种非常经典的原型继承的方式把一个纯对象转换一个继承于 Vue 的构造器 Sub 并返回,然后对 Sub 这个对象本身扩展了一些属性,如扩展 options、添加全局 API 等;并且对配置中的 props 和 computed 做了初始化工作;最后对于这个 Sub 构造函数做了缓存,避免多次执行 Vue.extend 的时候对同一个子组件重复构造。这样当我们去实例化 Sub 的时候,就会执行 this._init 逻辑再次走到了 Vue 实例的初始化逻辑。

const Sub = function VueComponent (options) {
  this._init(options)
}

     安装组件钩子函数:

// install component management hooks onto the placeholder node
installComponentHooks(data)

我们之前提到 Vue.js 使用的 Virtual DOM 参考的是开源库 snabbdom,它的一个特点是在 VNode 的 patch 流程中对外暴露了各种时机的钩子函数,方便我们做一些额外的事情,Vue.js 也是充分利用这一点,在初始化一个 Component 类型的 VNode 的过程中实现了几个钩子函数:

const componentVNodeHooks = {
  init (vnode: VNodeWithData, hydrating: boolean): ?boolean {
    if (
      vnode.componentInstance &&
      !vnode.componentInstance._isDestroyed &&
      vnode.data.keepAlive
    ) {
      // kept-alive components, treat as a patch
      const mountedNode: any = vnode // work around flow
      componentVNodeHooks.prepatch(mountedNode, mountedNode)
    } else {
      const child = vnode.componentInstance = createComponentInstanceForVnode(
        vnode,
        activeInstance
      )
      child.$mount(hydrating ? vnode.elm : undefined, hydrating)
    }
  },

  prepatch (oldVnode: MountedComponentVNode, vnode: MountedComponentVNode) {
    const options = vnode.componentOptions
    const child = vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
    updateChildComponent(
      child,
      options.propsData, // updated props
      options.listeners, // updated listeners
      vnode, // new parent vnode
      options.children // new children
    )
  },

  insert (vnode: MountedComponentVNode) {
    const { context, componentInstance } = vnode
    if (!componentInstance._isMounted) {
      componentInstance._isMounted = true
      callHook(componentInstance, 'mounted')
    }
    if (vnode.data.keepAlive) {
      if (context._isMounted) {
        // vue-router#1212
        // During updates, a kept-alive component's child components may
        // change, so directly walking the tree here may call activated hooks
        // on incorrect children. Instead we push them into a queue which will
        // be processed after the whole patch process ended.
        queueActivatedComponent(componentInstance)
      } else {
        activateChildComponent(componentInstance, true /* direct */)
      }
    }
  },

  destroy (vnode: MountedComponentVNode) {
    const { componentInstance } = vnode
    if (!componentInstance._isDestroyed) {
      if (!vnode.data.keepAlive) {
        componentInstance.$destroy()
      } else {
        deactivateChildComponent(componentInstance, true /* direct */)
      }
    }
  }
}

const hooksToMerge = Object.keys(componentVNodeHooks)

function installComponentHooks (data: VNodeData) {
  const hooks = data.hook || (data.hook = {})
  for (let i = 0; i < hooksToMerge.length; i++) {
    const key = hooksToMerge[i]
    const existing = hooks[key]
    const toMerge = componentVNodeHooks[key]
    if (existing !== toMerge && !(existing && existing._merged)) {
      hooks[key] = existing ? mergeHook(toMerge, existing) : toMerge
    }
  }
}

function mergeHook (f1: any, f2: any): Function {
  const merged = (a, b) => {
    // flow complains about extra args which is why we use any
    f1(a, b)
    f2(a, b)
  }
  merged._merged = true
  return merged
}

整个 installComponentHooks 的过程就是把 componentVNodeHooks 的钩子函数合并到 data.hook 中,在 VNode 执行 patch 的过程中执行相关的钩子函数,具体的执行我们稍后在介绍 patch 过程中会详细介绍。这里要注意的是合并策略,在合并过程中,如果某个时机的钩子已经存在 data.hook 中,那么通过执行 mergeHook 函数做合并,这个逻辑很简单,就是在最终执行的时候,依次执行这两个钩子函数即可。

       实例化 vnode:

const name = Ctor.options.name || tag
const vnode = new VNode(
`vue-component-${Ctor.cid}${name ? `-${name}` : ''}`,
data, undefined, undefined, undefined, context,
{ Ctor, propsData, listeners, tag, children },
asyncFactory
)
return vnode

最后一步非常简单,通过 new VNode 实例化一个 vnode 并返回。需要注意的是和普通元素节点的 vnode 不同,组件的 vnode 是没有 children 的,这点很关键。

 

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