VIM入门
公西俊民
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一开始接触VIM的时候，挺迷茫的，不知道这东西怎么用，哪里好用。今天发现个好玩的东西，对于初步认识VIM非常好。那就是官方教程，输入命令：vimtutor即可查看。
强烈建议跟着教程动手。
VIM Tutor - Version 1.7
第一课
1.1 移动光标
Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
^
k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
< h l > The l key is at the right and moves right.
j The j key looks like a down arrow.
v
1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
3. Using the down key, move to lesson 1.2.
NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
使用j向下移动光标，直到课程1.2
当你熟悉了使用hjkl来移动光标后，将会变得非常高效。
1.2 退出VIM
Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
3. Get back here by executing the command that got you into this tutor. That
might be: vimtutor <ENTER>
4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
will learn how to save the changes to a file.
5. Move the cursor down to lesson 1.3.
先<ESC>返回正常模式，然后输入：:q!，不保存任何修改并退出VIM。
1.3 文本编辑 - 删除
x删除当前光标位置的字母。
Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
character to be deleted.
3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character.
4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon.
5. Now that the line is correct, go on to lesson 1.4.
NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
移动光标到-->行，将光标移动到要删除的字母，按x删除该多余的字母。
官方建议，不要通过记忆去完成本教程，要通过使用来完成教程。
1.4 文本编辑 - 插入
i在光标的位置直接进入插入模式。
Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
** Press i to insert text. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
of the character BEFORE which the text is to be inserted.
3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
---> There is text misng this .
---> There is some text missing from this line.
5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
移动光标到第一个-->行，按i进入插入模式，输入文字补全句子和第二行一样。
可结合前面的几个步骤一起多练习几遍。直到你感到舒适，继续下一课程。
1.5 文本编辑 - 追加
A移动光标到行尾，并进入插入模式。
Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING
** Press A to append text. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
2. Press A and type in the necessary additions.
3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
---> There is some text missing from th
There is some text missing from this line.
---> There is also some text miss
There is also some text missing here.
5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
移动光标到第一个-->行，按A，将光标移动到行尾，并进入插入模式，然后补全句子和第二行一样。
1.6 编辑文件
使用:wq保存并退出。
Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
** Use :wq to save a file and exit. **
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.
2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim tutor <ENTER>
'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.
3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER>
5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
the following summary.
6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
Part 1 小结
Lesson 1 SUMMARY
1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
5. To insert or append text type:
i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
A type appended text <ESC> append after the line
NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
Now continue with lesson 2.
1.使用hjkl移动光标；
2.使用vim 文件打开文件；
3.使用:q!和wq退出VIM；
4.使用x删除当前字母；
5.使用i和A插入；
注：使用<ESC>可退出到正常模式，或者放弃未完成的命令。
第二课
2.1 删除指令
dw这其实是两个部分组合的指令，从光标位置开始删除到下一个单词开始位置。
Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
** Type dw to delete a word. **
1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character
than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over.
---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to lesson 2.2.
移动光标到要删除的单词的首字母，然后删除多余的单词。
x 删除当前字符
dw 删除至下一个单词开始，包括删除当前单词后面的空格
de 删除至当前单词末尾，不会删除空格
d$ 删除至当前行尾
dd 删除整行
2dd 删除两行
2.2 更多删除指令
d$从当前光标位置删除到行尾。
Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. **
1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line.
---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice.
5. Move on to lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
移动光标到-->行的.后，d$删除后面多余的文字。
2.3 关于命令和对象
很多操作文本的命令都是由【操作符】和【动作】构成。
比如：d motion，d代表 delete （删除），motion代表要删除的对象。
Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows:
d motion
Where:
d - is the delete operator.
motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
A short list of motions:
w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
$ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will move the cursor as specified.
如果不加操作符，只输入动作，比如：w，e，$，表示移动光标到对应位置。
2.4 使用计数指定动作
在motion前加数字，表示重复n遍motion。
比如：
2w表示光标移动到第二个单词的首字母；3e表示光标移动到第三个单词的尾字母；0代表行首，$代表行尾；
Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward.
3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
6. Move on to lesson 2.5.
2.5 使用计数以删除更多
结合motion，原理同上。
Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
insert a count before the motion to delete more:
d number motion
1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
2. Type d2w to delete the two UPPER CASE words.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
UPPER CASE words with one command.
---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up.
2.6 操作整行
dd表示删除整行，相当于剪切，可通过p粘贴。可带数字操作：
2dd表示删除两行
Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.
1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
2. Type dd to delete the line.
3. Now move to the fourth line.
4. Type 2dd to delete two lines.
---> 1) Roses are red,
---> 2) Mud is fun,
---> 3) Violets are blue,
---> 4) I have a car,
---> 5) Clocks tell time,
---> 6) Sugar is sweet
---> 7) And so are you.
Doubling to operate on a line also works for operators mentioned below
2.7 撤消类命令
u表示撤销上一条命令，U以行为单位，恢复整行。
Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
first error.
2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command.
5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state.
6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the lesson 2 Summary.
Part 2 小结
Lesson 2 SUMMARY
1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw
2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
3. To delete a whole line type: dd
4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
5. The format for a change command is:
operator [number] motion
where:
operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
$ (to the end of line), etc.
6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
To undo the undo's, type: CTRL-R
1.dw删除至下一个单词开始；
2.d$删除至行尾，包括最后的标点；
3.dd删除整行；
4.2w光标移动到第二个单词的首字母；
5.operator [number] motion，operator表示干啥，number表示做几遍，motion表示对谁做。
6.0移动到行首；
7.u撤销上一条指令，U恢复整行，CTRL - R撤销后，执行不撤销。
第三课
3.1 置入类命令
p粘贴之前删除的文本到光标后。通过d命令删除的都可粘贴。
Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
4. Type p to put the line below the cursor.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
---> d) Can you learn too?
---> b) Violets are blue,
---> c) Intelligence is learned,
---> a) Roses are red,
3.2 替换类命令
rx替换命令，r代表replace（替换），x代表替换值。
Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
3. Type r and then the character which should be there.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys!
---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
5. Now move on to lesson 3.3.
NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
官方再次提醒：通过“练”来代替“记”。
3.3 更改类命令
ce替换，就是删除当前光标位置到单词结尾，然后进入插入模式。
cc删除整行，并进入插入模式。
Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
** To change until the end of a word, type ce . **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ).
4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator.
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.
Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
cc does the same for the whole line
3.4 使用c更改更多
c代表change，和delete同样用法。
change命令：首先根据命令进行删除操作，然后进入插入模式。
Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **
1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
c [number] motion
2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line).
3. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
4. Move the cursor to the first error.
5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second.
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
Part 3 小结
Lesson 3 SUMMARY
1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor).
2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
character you want to have there.
3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
4. The format for change is:
c [number] motion
Now go on to the next lesson.
1.p表示粘贴之前删除的内容；
2.r表示replace（替换），单个操作；
3.c表示change（改变）；
4.c [number] motionchange用法与delete相同；
第四课
4.1 定位及文件状态
CTRL-G显示文件位置及文件信息；
G移动光标到文件最后一行行首；
gg移动光标到文件第一行行首；
4G移动光标到文件第四行行首；
Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
Type G to move to a line in the file. **
NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G.
A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.
NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (see :help 'ruler' )
2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file.
Type gg to move you to the start of the file.
3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will
return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.
4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
4.2 搜索类命令
/关键字斜杠表示正向搜索，关键字表示要搜索的内容。- 注意这里没有冒号，可直接使用
/。 n代表下一个。- 逆向搜索用
?即可。
Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor
appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N .
4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while
pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward.
---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset.
注：当搜索到文件的末尾，又会从头开始，除非wrapscan被重置了。
4.3 配对括号的查找
%将光标移动到对应的括号。
Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . **
1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
2. Now type the % character.
3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does.
---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. ))
NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
4.4 替换命令
:s/old/new替换第一个匹配项；:s/old/new/g替换当前光标行内全部匹配项；:#,#s/old/new/g替换开始行到结束行的全部匹配项；:%s/old/new/g替换全部；:%s/old/new/gc替换全部匹配项，并且挨个确认；
Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
of lines where the substitution is to be done.
Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
慎用：
:%s/old/new/g建议：
:%s/old/new/gc
Part 4 小结
Lesson 4 SUMMARY
1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
G moves to the end of the file.
number G moves to that line number.
gg moves to the first line.
2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
or N to search in the opposite direction.
CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.
3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new
To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g
To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g
To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc
1.移动定位
CTRL-G显示文件位置及文件信息；G移动光标到文件最后一行行首；gg移动光标到文件第一行行首；4G移动光标到文件第四行行首；
2.正向搜索和逆向搜索，n和N，CTRL-O和CTRL-I；
3.%查找匹配括号；
4.查找替换
:s/old/new替换第一个匹配项；:s/old/new/g替换当前光标行内全部匹配项；:#,#s/old/new/g替换开始行到结束行的全部匹配项；:%s/old/new/g替换全部；:%s/old/new/gc替换全部匹配项，并且挨个确认；
第五课
5.1 在 VIM 内执行外部命令的方法
:! 外部命令执行外部命令。
Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **
1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.
2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
execute any external shell command.
3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work.
NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
arguments.
NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
From here on we will not always mention it.
5.2 关于保存文件的更多信息
:w 文件名类似于另存为。
Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME **
1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.
2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory.
NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
5. Now remove the file by typing (Windows): :!del TEST
or (Unix): :!rm TEST
5.3 一个具有选择性的保存命令
Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME **
1. Move the cursor to this line.
2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
text is highlighted.
3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> will appear.
4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify
that you see :'<,'>w TEST before you press <ENTER>.
5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or :!ls
to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.
NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around
to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator
to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text.
5.4 提取和合并文件
Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME **
1. Place the cursor just above this line.
NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from lesson 5.3. Then move
DOWN to see this lesson again.
2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is
the name of the file you used.
The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
are now two copies of lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example,
:r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the
cursor.
Part 5 小结
Lesson 5 SUMMARY
1. :!command executes an external command.
Some useful examples are:
(Windows) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME.
4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
cursor position.
5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
cursor position.
第六课
6.1 打开类命令
o开启新的一行，并进入插入模式。
Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
you in Insert mode.
3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.
---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line.
6.2 附加类命令
a在光标后插入，进入插入模式。
Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
1. Move the cursor to the start of the first line below marked --->.
2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li .
3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor.
4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert
mode.
5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line.
---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.
NOTE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
the characters are inserted.
6.3 另外一个置换类命令的版本
R多个替换。 一直替换，直到退出。
Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to
the beginning of the first xxx .
2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
replaces the xxx .
3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line
remains unmodified.
4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx.
---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx.
---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.
NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
existing character.
6.4 复制粘贴文本
y表示复制，p表示粘贴。
Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it **
1. Move to the line below marked ---> and place the cursor after "a)".
2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first".
3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text.
4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$
5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> .
6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of
the next line with j$ and put the text there with p .
---> a) this is the first item.
b)
NOTE: You can also use y as an operator: yw yanks one word, yy yanks the whole line, then p puts that line
y也可以当操作符使用。
6.5 设置类命令的选项
Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: /ignore <ENTER>
Repeat several times by pressing n .
2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic
3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing n
Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: :set hls is
5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER>
6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic
NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch
NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c
in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER>
Part 6 小结
Lesson 6 SUMMARY
1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
Type A to insert text after the end of the line.
3. The e command moves to the end of a word.
4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.
6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching
'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase
'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name.
7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic
第七课
7.1 获取帮助信息
<F1>或者:help获取帮助信息。
:help w查看有关w的帮助文档。
Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP
** Use the on-line help system **
Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
these three:
- press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
- press the <F1> key (if you have one)
- type :help <ENTER>
Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another.
Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window.
You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>):
:help w
:help c_CTRL-D
:help insert-index
:help user-manual
7.2 创建启动脚本
开启VIM的大门来了：创建.vimrc文件，自定义VIM。
在家目录下创建文件：~/.vimrc。
例如：
:e ~/.vimrc:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim:w
Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
** Enable Vim features **
Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system:
:e ~/.vimrc for Unix
:e $VIM/_vimrc for Windows
2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
3. Write the file with:
:w
The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
For more information type :help vimrc-intro
7.3 补全功能
使用CTRL-D或者<TAB>自动补全。
Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION
** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> **
1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp
2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir
3. Type the start of a command: :e
4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
5. Type d<TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL
7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and
<TAB>. It is especially useful for :help .
Part 7 小结
Lesson 7 SUMMARY
1. Type :help or press <F1> or <HELP> to open a help window.
2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window.
4. Type :q to close the help window.
5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
Press <TAB> to use one completion.
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