ansible firewalld模块详解

概述

This module allows for addition or deletion of services and ports (either TCP or UDP) in either running or permanent firewalld rules.
firewalld模块用来添加、删除防火墙规则。

常用变量

service ： Name of a service to add/remove to/from firewalld.The service must be listed in output of firewall-cmd --get-services.
指定放行的服务，此服务必须要在firewall-cmd --get-services查询的到。

permanent ： Should this configuration be in the running firewalld configuration or persist across reboots. As of Ansible 2.3, permanent operations can operate on firewalld configs when it is not running.
Note that if this is no’, immediate is assumed yes’.
保存策略，下次启动的时候自动加载。

state : Enable or disable a setting.For ports: Should this port accept (enabled) or reject (disabled) connections.The states present’ and absent’ can only be used in zone level operations (i.e. when no other parameters but zone and state are set).
(Choices: absent, disabled, enabled, present)
指定防火墙策略状态，enable表示策略生效，disable表示策略禁用，present新建策略，absent删除策略。

port : Name of a port or port range to add/remove to/from firewalld. Must be in the form PORT/PROTOCOL or PORT-PORT/PROTOCOL for port ranges.
指定放行的端口/协议。

zone ： The firewalld zone to add/remove to/from.
Note that the default zone can be configured per system but public’ is default from upstream.Available choices can be extended based on per-system configs, listed here are “out of the box” defaults.Possible values include block’, dmz’, drop’, external’, home’, internal’, `public’, trusted’, work’.
指定防火墙信任级别。
drop: 丢弃所有进入的包，而不给出任何响应
block: 拒绝所有外部发起的连接，允许内部发起的连接
public: 允许指定的进入连接
external: 同上，对伪装的进入连接，一般用于路由转发
dmz: 允许受限制的进入连接
work: 允许受信任的计算机被限制的进入连接，类似 workgroup
home: 同上，类似 homegroup
internal: 同上，范围针对所有互联网用户
trusted: 信任所有连接

interface : The interface you would like to add/remove to/from a zone in firewalld.
指定接口属于哪个信任级别。

source ： The source/network you would like to add/remove to/from firewalld.
指定网段。

immediate : Should this configuration be applied immediately, if set as permanent
防火墙策略立即生效。

示例

案例1：在默认信任级别新增放行https协议数据的策略，下次重启的时候策略自动加载

- firewalld:
    service: https
    permanent: yes
state: enabled

原先的状态，public信任级别中没有https

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -a 'firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

新增放行https协议数据的策略，下次重启的时候策略自动加载

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'service=https permanent=yes state=enabled'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Permanent operation, Changed service https to enabled"
}

策略没有立马生效

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -a 'firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

重启防火墙服务

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=restarted'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "firewalld",
    "state": "started",
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Mon 2020-07-06 17:41:36 CST",
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "15024543",
        "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
        "ActiveState": "active",
        "After": "basic.target dbus.socket sysinit.target polkit.service system.slice dbus.service",

防火墙策略生效

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -a 'firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client https ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

案例2：在默认信任级别新增放行tcp 8081端口的策略且策略状态为禁用，下次重启的时候策略自动加载

- firewalld:
    port: 8081/tcp
    permanent: yes
    state: disabled

新增防火墙策略

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'port=8081/tcp permanent=yes state=disabled'
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "msg": "Permanent operation"
}

重启防火墙策略

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=restarted'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "firewalld",
    "state": "started",
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Mon 2020-07-06 22:15:37 CST",
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "16455418172",
        "ActiveExitTimestamp": "Mon 2020-07-06 22:15:36 CST",
        "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "16454673620",
        "ActiveState": "active",
        "After": "basic.target dbus.socket sysinit.target polkit.service system.slice dbus.service",

策略未启用

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -a 'firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client https ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

案例3：在默认信任级别新增放行UDP协议161至162端口的防火墙策略，下次重启的时候策略自动加载

- firewalld:
    port: 161-162/udp
    permanent: yes
    state: enabled

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'port=162-162/udp permanent=yes state=enabled'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Permanent operation, Changed port 162-162/udp to enabled"
}

案例4：在dmz信任级别新增放行http协议数据的防火墙策略，下次重启的时候策略自动加载

- firewalld:
    zone: dmz
    service: http
    permanent: yes
state: enabled

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'zone=dmz service=http  permanent=yes state=enabled'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Permanent operation, Changed service http to enabled"
}

案例5：在internal区域新增放行192.0.2.0/24网段的防火墙策略

- firewalld:
 source: 192.0.2.0/24
 zone: internal
 state: enabled

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'zone=internal source="192.0.2.0/24" state=enabled'
node1 | FAILED! => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "msg": "missing parameter(s) required by 'source': permanent"
}

NOTE : source参数要和permanent参数一起使用

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'zone=internal source="192.0.2.0/24" state=enabled permanent=yes'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Permanent operation, Added 192.0.2.0/24 to zone internal"
}

案例6：把eth0接口加入到truested信任级别

- firewalld:
    zone: trusted
    interface: eth0
    permanent: yes
state: enabled

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'interface=eth0 zone=trusted state=enabled permanent=yes'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Permanent operation, Changed eth0 to zone trusted"
}

案例7：新增custom信任级别

- firewalld:
    zone: custom
    state: present
permanent: yes

[root@control ~]# ansible node1 -m firewalld -a ' zone=custom state=present  permanent=yes'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Permanent operation, Added zone custom, Changed zone custom to present"
}

附录

[root@control ~]# firewall-cmd --get-services
RH-Satellite-6 amanda-client amanda-k5-client amqp amqps apcupsd audit bacula bacula-client bgp bitcoin bitcoin-rpc bitcoin-testnet bitcoin-testnet-rpc ceph ceph-mon cfengine cockpit condor-collector ctdb dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client distcc dns docker-registry docker-swarm dropbox-lansync elasticsearch etcd-client etcd-server finger freeipa-ldap freeipa-ldaps freeipa-replication freeipa-trust ftp ganglia-client ganglia-master git gre high-availability http https imap imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec irc ircs iscsi-target isns jenkins kadmin kerberos kibana klogin kpasswd kprop kshell ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls lightning-network llmnr managesieve matrix mdns minidlna mongodb mosh mountd mqtt mqtt-tls ms-wbt mssql murmur mysql nfs nfs3 nmea-0183 nrpe ntp nut openvpn ovirt-imageio ovirt-storageconsole ovirt-vmconsole plex pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3 pop3s postgresql privoxy proxy-dhcp ptp pulseaudio puppetmaster quassel radius redis rpc-bind rsh rsyncd rtsp salt-master samba samba-client samba-dc sane sip sips slp smtp smtp-submission smtps snmp snmptrap spideroak-lansync squid ssh steam-streaming svdrp svn syncthing syncthing-gui synergy syslog syslog-tls telnet tftp tftp-client tinc tor-socks transmission-client upnp-client vdsm vnc-server wbem-http wbem-https wsman wsmans xdmcp xmpp-bosh xmpp-client xmpp-local xmpp-server zabbix-agent zabbix-server