golang路由mux的介绍及基本使用
司徒兴德
github地址：
- https://github.com/gorilla/mux#matching-routes
- https://gitee.com/mirrors/mux#examples
- http://www.gorillatoolkit.org/pkg/mux
- https://github.com/gorilla/mux#examples
代码示例：
import (
"encoding/json"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
"log"
"math/rand"
"net/http"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
// 定义Book的结构体
type Book struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Isbn string `json:"isbn"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Author *Author `json:"author"`
}
// 定义Author的结构体
type Author struct {
Firstname string `json:"firstname"`
Lastname string `json:"lastname"`
}
// 初始化book的切片
var books []Book
// 查询所有的Book
func getBooks(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}
// 根据ID查询Book
func getBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
log.Println(params)
// Loop through books and find with id
for _, item := range books {
if item.ID == params["id"] {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)
return
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&Book{})
}
// 根据Title查询
func getBookByTitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
var newBooks []Book
params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
for _, item := range books {
if strings.Contains(item.Title, params["title"]) {
newBooks = append(newBooks, item)
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(newBooks)
}
// 创建Book
func createBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
var book Book
_ = json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&book)
book.ID = strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(10000000)) // Mock ID - not safe
books = append(books, book);
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}
// 修改Book
func updateBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
var book Book
json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&book)
for index, item := range books {
if item.ID == params["id"] {
books[index] = book
books[index].ID = item.ID
break
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}
// 删除Book
func deleteBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
params := mux.Vars(r) // Get params
for index, item := range books {
if item.ID == params["id"] {
books = append(books[:index], books[index+1:]...)
break
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}
func main() {
// 初始化路由
r := mux.NewRouter()
// 增加mock数据
books = append(books, Book{ID: "1", Isbn: "448743", Title: "Go语言", Author: &Author{Firstname: "John", Lastname: "Doe"}})
books = append(books, Book{ID: "2", Isbn: "448744", Title: "Java语言", Author: &Author{Firstname: "Steve", Lastname: "Smith"}})
books = append(books, Book{ID: "3", Isbn: "448745", Title: "java程序设计", Author: &Author{Firstname: "Steve", Lastname: "Smith"}})
// 普通路由
r.HandleFunc("/api/books", getBooks).Methods("GET")
// 普通路由参数
r.HandleFunc("/api/books/{id}", getBook).Methods("GET")
//r.HandleFunc("/api/books/byTitle/{title}", getBookByTitle).Methods("GET")
// 正则路由参数，title的查询限制为英文字母,并且是小写字母，否则报：404 page not found
r.HandleFunc("/api/books/byTitle/{title:[a-z]+}", getBookByTitle).Methods("GET")
r.HandleFunc("/api/books", createBook).Methods("POST")
r.HandleFunc("/api/books/{id}", updateBook).Methods("PUT")
r.HandleFunc("/api/books/{id}", deleteBook).Methods("DELETE")
// 监听8000端口，并打出日志
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", r))
}
运行程序，通过postman或其它http请求工具发送请求，下面是测试的结果。
1、GET请求http://localhost:8000/api/books，结果如下：
[
{
"id": "1",
"isbn": "448743",
"title": "Go语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "John",
"lastname": "Doe"
}
},
{
"id": "2",
"isbn": "448744",
"title": "Java语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
},
{
"id": "3",
"isbn": "448745",
"title": "java程序设计",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
}
]
2、GET请求http://localhost:8000/api/books/2，结果如下：
{
"id": "2",
"isbn": "448744",
"title": "Java语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
}
3、POST请求http://localhost:8000/api/books, 参数（json格式）：
{
"Isbn": "448744",
"Title": "python语言",
"Author": {
"Firstname": "py",
"Lastname": "thon"
}
}
结果如下：
[
{
"id": "1",
"isbn": "448743",
"title": "Go语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "John",
"lastname": "Doe"
}
},
{
"id": "2",
"isbn": "448744",
"title": "Java语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
},
{
"id": "3",
"isbn": "448745",
"title": "java程序设计",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
},
{
"id": "8498081",
"isbn": "448744",
"title": "python语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "py",
"lastname": "thon"
}
}
]
新增了id为8498081的Book
4、DELETE请求http://localhost:8000/api/books/8498081，结果如下：
[
{
"id": "1",
"isbn": "448743",
"title": "Go语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "John",
"lastname": "Doe"
}
},
{
"id": "2",
"isbn": "448744",
"title": "Java语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
},
{
"id": "3",
"isbn": "448745",
"title": "java程序设计",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
}
]
删除了id为8498081的Book
5、PUT请求http://localhost:8000/api/books/1 ， 参数(json格式)：
{
"Isbn": "44874300",
"Title": "Go语言-1",
"Author": {
"Firstname": "John-2",
"Lastname": "Doe-2"
}
}
结果如下：
[
{
"id": "1",
"isbn": "44874300",
"title": "Go语言-1",
"author": {
"firstname": "John-2",
"lastname": "Doe-2"
}
},
{
"id": "2",
"isbn": "448744",
"title": "Java语言",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
},
{
"id": "3",
"isbn": "448745",
"title": "java程序设计",
"author": {
"firstname": "Steve",
"lastname": "Smith"
}
}
]
可以看到id为1的Book已经修改了。
以上的例子为mux的基本使用。
代码地址：
https://gitee.com/sunzf/test-go.git
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