sphinx+mysql+php做千万数据级别的搜索引擎
怀飞掣
Sphinx是出自俄罗斯的开源全文搜索引擎软件，单一索引最大可包含1亿条记录，在1千万条记录情况下的查询速度为0.x秒（毫秒级）。
Sphinx创建索引的速度为：创建100万条记录的索引只需3～4分钟，创建1000万条记录的索引可以在50分钟内完成，而只包含最新10万条记录的增量索引，重建一次只需几十秒。
Sphinx是什么
- Sphinx Search 是由俄罗斯人Andrew Aksyonoff 开发的高性能全文搜索软件包，在GPL与商业协议双许可协议下发行。
- Sphinx的特征：
- 支持高速建立索引（可达10MB/秒，而Lucene建立索引的速度是1.8MB/秒）
- 高性能搜索（在2-4 GB的文本上搜索，平均0.1秒内获得结果）
- 高扩展性（实测最高可对100GB的文本建立索引，单一索引可包含1亿条记录）
- 支持分布式检索
- 支持基于短语和基于统计的复合结果排序机制
- 支持任意数量的文件字段（数值属性或全文检索属性）
- 支持不同的搜索模式（“完全匹配”，“短语匹配”和“任一匹配”）
- 支持作为Mysql的存储引擎
- Sphinx是不负责文本字段的存储。
假设将数据库的id、date、title、body字段，用Sphinx建立搜索索引。根据关键字、时间、类别、范围等信息查询一下Sphinx，Sphinx只会将查询结果得到的ID号等非文本信息。如果要显示title、body等信息，我们还需要根据此ID号去查询MySQL数据库，或者从Memcachedb等其他的存储中取得。安装SphinxSE作为MySQL的存储引擎，将MySQL与Sphinx结合起来，是一种便捷的方法。
安装步骤 （在这里我们采用的是sphinx 0.9.9经典版本的）
- 下载tar包，并进入sphinx目录：（ 下载链接 ）
$ tar xf sphinx-0.9.9.tar.gz $ cd sphinx-0.9.9 - 安装python（以下针对CentOS系统，其他Linux系统请使用相应的方法安装）
$ yum install python - 编译安装Sphinx
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx --with-mysql --with-python --enable-id64 $ make $ make install - 创建sphinx索引文件
$ mkdir -p /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/document $ mkdir -p /dev/shm/sphinx/var/data/document
Sphinx配置
- 创建Sphinx配置文件
缺省的配置文件名为 sphinx.conf. 全部的Sphinx提供的程序默认都在当前工作的目录下寻找该文件.
由configure 程序生成的示例配置文件sphinx.conf.dist 中包括全部选项的注释，复制并编辑这个文件使之适用于你的具体情况： (请确认 Sphinx 安装在 /usr/local/sphinx/)
$ cd /usr/local/sphinx/etc $ cp sphinx.conf.dist sphinx.conf $ vim sphinx.conf配置文档，采用的是一元分词
source document { type = mysql sql_host = 127.0.0.1 sql_user = root sql_pass = 123456 sql_db = test sql_port = 3306 sql_query_pre = SET NAMES UTF8 sql_query = SELECT id, title, content,update FROM t_doucment WHERE id>=$start AND id<=$end sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM t_resources WHERE updated_at < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE() - INTERVAL 1 DAY, '%Y-%m-%d 17:00:00')) sql_range_step = 1000 sql_attr_uint = updated_at sql_ranged_throttle = 0 sql_query_info = SELECT * FROM t_doucment WHERE id=$id } source document_delta : document { sql_query_range = SELECT MIN(id), MAX(id) FROM t_resources WHERE updated_at >= UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE() - INTERVAL 1 DAY, '%Y-%m-%d 17:00:00')) } index document { source = document path = /usr/local/sphinx/var/data/document docinfo = extern mlock = 0 stopwords = min_prefix_len = 0 min_infix_len = 0 min_word_len = 1 html_strip = 1 charset_type = utf-8 charset_table = U+FF10..U+FF19->0..9, 0..9, U+FF41..U+FF5A->a..z, U+FF21..U+FF3A->a..z,A..Z->a..z, a..z, U+0149, U+017F, U+0138, U+00DF, U+00FF, U+00C0..U+00D6->U+00E0..U+00F6,U+00E0..U+00F6, U+00D8..U+00DE->U+00F8..U+00FE, U+00F8..U+00FE, U+0100->U+0101, U+0101,U+0102->U+0103, U+0103, U+0104->U+0105, U+0105, U+0106->U+0107, U+0107, U+0108->U+0109,U+0109, U+010A->U+010B, U+010B, U+010C->U+010D, U+010D, U+010E->U+010F, U+010F,U+0110->U+0111, U+0111, U+0112->U+0113, U+0113, U+0114->U+0115, U+0115, U+0116->U+0117,U+0117, U+0118->U+0119, U+0119, U+011A->U+011B, U+011B, U+011C->U+011D, U+011D,U+011E->U+011F, U+011F, U+0130->U+0131, U+0131, U+0132->U+0133, U+0133, U+0134->U+0135,U+0135, U+0136->U+0137, U+0137, U+0139->U+013A, U+013A, U+013B->U+013C, U+013C,U+013D->U+013E, U+013E, U+013F->U+0140, U+0140, U+0141->U+0142, U+0142, U+0143->U+0144,U+0144, U+0145->U+0146, U+0146, U+0147->U+0148, U+0148, U+014A->U+014B, U+014B,U+014C->U+014D, U+014D, U+014E->U+014F, U+014F, U+0150->U+0151, U+0151, U+0152->U+0153,U+0153, U+0154->U+0155, U+0155, U+0156->U+0157, U+0157, U+0158->U+0159, U+0159,U+015A->U+015B, U+015B, U+015C->U+015D, U+015D, U+015E->U+015F, U+015F, U+0160->U+0161,U+0161, U+0162->U+0163, U+0163, U+0164->U+0165, U+0165, U+0166->U+0167, U+0167,U+0168->U+0169, U+0169, U+016A->U+016B, U+016B, U+016C->U+016D, U+016D, U+016E->U+016F,U+016F, U+0170->U+0171, U+0171, U+0172->U+0173, U+0173, U+0174->U+0175, U+0175,U+0176->U+0177, U+0177, U+0178->U+00FF, U+00FF, U+0179->U+017A, U+017A, U+017B->U+017C,U+017C, U+017D->U+017E, U+017E, U+0410..U+042F->U+0430..U+044F, U+0430..U+044F,U+05D0..U+05EA, U+0531..U+0556->U+0561..U+0586, U+0561..U+0587, U+0621..U+063A, U+01B9,U+01BF, U+0640..U+064A, U+0660..U+0669, U+066E, U+066F, U+0671..U+06D3, U+06F0..U+06FF,U+0904..U+0939, U+0958..U+095F, U+0960..U+0963, U+0966..U+096F, U+097B..U+097F,U+0985..U+09B9, U+09CE, U+09DC..U+09E3, U+09E6..U+09EF, U+0A05..U+0A39, U+0A59..U+0A5E,U+0A66..U+0A6F, U+0A85..U+0AB9, U+0AE0..U+0AE3, U+0AE6..U+0AEF, U+0B05..U+0B39,U+0B5C..U+0B61, U+0B66..U+0B6F, U+0B71, U+0B85..U+0BB9, U+0BE6..U+0BF2, U+0C05..U+0C39,U+0C66..U+0C6F, U+0C85..U+0CB9, U+0CDE..U+0CE3, U+0CE6..U+0CEF, U+0D05..U+0D39, U+0D60,U+0D61, U+0D66..U+0D6F, U+0D85..U+0DC6, U+1900..U+1938, U+1946..U+194F, U+A800..U+A805,U+A807..U+A822, U+0386->U+03B1, U+03AC->U+03B1, U+0388->U+03B5, U+03AD->U+03B5,U+0389->U+03B7, U+03AE->U+03B7, U+038A->U+03B9, U+0390->U+03B9, U+03AA->U+03B9,U+03AF->U+03B9, U+03CA->U+03B9, U+038C->U+03BF, U+03CC->U+03BF, U+038E->U+03C5,U+03AB->U+03C5, U+03B0->U+03C5, U+03CB->U+03C5, U+03CD->U+03C5, U+038F->U+03C9,U+03CE->U+03C9, U+03C2->U+03C3, U+0391..U+03A1->U+03B1..U+03C1,U+03A3..U+03A9->U+03C3..U+03C9, U+03B1..U+03C1, U+03C3..U+03C9, U+0E01..U+0E2E,U+0E30..U+0E3A, U+0E40..U+0E45, U+0E47, U+0E50..U+0E59, U+A000..U+A48F, U+4E00..U+9FBF,U+3400..U+4DBF, U+20000..U+2A6DF, U+F900..U+FAFF, U+2F800..U+2FA1F, U+2E80..U+2EFF,U+2F00..U+2FDF, U+3100..U+312F, U+31A0..U+31BF, U+3040..U+309F, U+30A0..U+30FF,U+31F0..U+31FF, U+AC00..U+D7AF, U+1100..U+11FF, U+3130..U+318F, U+A000..U+A48F,U+A490..U+A4CF ngram_len = 1 ngram_chars = U+4E00..U+9FBF, U+3400..U+4DBF, U+20000..U+2A6DF, U+F900..U+FAFF,U+2F800..U+2FA1F, U+2E80..U+2EFF, U+2F00..U+2FDF, U+3100..U+312F, U+31A0..U+31BF,U+3040..U+309F, U+30A0..U+30FF, U+31F0..U+31FF, U+AC00..U+D7AF, U+1100..U+11FF,U+3130..U+318F, U+A000..U+A48F, U+A490..U+A4CF } index document_delta : document { source = document_delta path = /dev/shm/sphinx/var/data/document } indexer { mem_limit = 64M # max_iops = 40 # max_iosize = 1048576 } searchd { listen = 127.0.0.1:3312 log = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/searchd.log query_log = /usr/local/sphinx/var/log/query.log read_timeout = 5 client_timeout = 300 max_children = 50 pid_file = /var/run/searchd.pid max_matches = 320000 seamless_rotate = 1 preopen_indexes = 1 unlink_old = 1 mva_updates_pool = 1M max_packet_size = 8M max_filters = 256 max_filter_values = 4096 } -
初始化sphinx.conf中配置的全部索引
$ /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --all如果searchd处于运行状态，则执行
$ /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --all --rotate
创建shell脚本，一个用来创建主索引、一个用来创建增量索引
-
主索引更新脚本并赋予可执行权限
$ vim /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_main_index.sh #!/bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --rotate document chmod +x /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_main_index.sh
每天凌晨定时重建主索引
crontab -e #每天凌晨4点19分重建一次搜索引擎的主索引 19 4 * * * /bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_main_index.sh -
增量索引更新脚本并赋予可执行权限
$ vim /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh #!/bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --rotate document_delta chmod +x /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh
每3分钟自动重建一次搜索引擎的增量索引
crontab -e #每3分钟自动重建一次搜索引擎的增量索引 0-57/3 * * * * /bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh -
启动Sphinx守护进程（searchd）
$ /usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd配置服务器开机启动时需要自动执行的命令
$ vim /etc/rc.local mkdir -p /dev/shm/sphinx/var/data/document /bin/sh /usr/local/sphinx/bin/build_delta_index.sh 2>&1 > /dev/null /usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd
安装scws
- 下载编译并安装
$ wget http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-1.2.2.tar.bz2 $ tar xf scws-1.2.2.tar.bz2 $ cd scws-1.2.2 $ ./configure $ make $ make install $ cp -R etc /etc/scws
- 下载词库并移动到SCWS配置
$ wget http://www.xunsearch.com/scws/down/scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2 $ tar xf scws-dict-chs-utf8.tar.bz2 $ mv dict.utf8.xdb /etc/scws - 安装httpscws系统
$ git clone https://github.com/ivanszl/httpscws.git httpscws $ cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/httpscws $ make $ make install - 编写httpscws启动脚本
$ vim /etc/init.d/httpscws #!/bin/bash # HTTPSCWS Startup script for the SCWS HTTP Server # this script create it by ivan at 2016.01.14. # # chkconfig: - 95 15 # description: HTTPSCWS is an Chinese Word Segmentation System Based on the HTTP protocol. # processname: httpscws # pidfile: /var/run/httpscws.pid # config: /etc/scws/ httpscws=/usr/local/httpscws/bin/httpscws httpscws_config=/etc/scws/ pid=/var/run/httpscws.pid RETVAL=0 prog="httpscws" # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 [ -x $httpscws ] || exit 0 # Start searchd daemons functions. start(){ if [ -e $pid ]; then echo "$prog already running..." exit 1 fi echo -n $"Starting $prog:" daemon $httpscws -l 127.0.0.1 -d -i ${pid} -x ${httpscws_config} RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/httpscws return $RETVAL } # Stop searchd daemons functions. stop(){ echo -n $"Stopping $prog:" killproc $httpscws RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/httpscws $pid } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|status|help}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL $ chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpscws $ chkconfig --add httpscws $ chkconfig httpscws on $ service httpscws start - PHP测试代码
<?php $q = urlencode($q); $result = file_get_contents("http://127.0.0.1:1985/?w=" . $q); $result = trim($result); require_once 'sphinxapi.php'; $sc = new SphinxClient(); $sc->SetServer('127.0.0.1',3312); $sc->SetMatchMode(SPH_MATCH_ALL); $sc->SetArrayResult(TRUE); $res = $sc->Query($words); var_dump($res);
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