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android lrucache清空,Android LruCache 的 Bug

强化
2023-12-01

码哒,今天无意中发现Android 5.0(api level 21)之前的LruCache实现居然存在一个bug。

由于在电脑上(Java SE环境,非手机上)测试code比较方便,我便将最近写在Android项目中的框架代码copy到Java项目中进行测试,然后缺少一个LruCache, 我也直接将其源码复制过来,但是报了一个错误,正是下面第一段代码中map.eldest();这句,但是这个方法由于不是Java标准API而被@hide了,我便想也没想,直接改成了遍历map并取出最后一个元素(思维定式,以为LinkedHashMap的最后一个元素就是那个eldest()的,即LRU的),但是测试中很快发现了问题,然后在LinkedHashMap源码中找到其定义及注释,修改为取出链表的第一个元素了。

然而凑巧的是,今天下班我把代码copy到自己的本儿上准备带回家测试,再次copy这个LruCache源码的时候,发现居然不报错了,纳闷中,我便再次翻到那一行,就发现了题述的问题:那段代码正好跟我昨天刚开始犯的错误一样,遍历最后一个元素当做LRU的,并将去驱逐。并且加了注释,大意是说:由于map.eldest();为非标准API, 所以将其修改了。

OK,看代码吧。

首先来看看正确的实现 Android 6.0(API Level 23):

/**

* Remove the eldest entries until the total of remaining entries is at or

* below the requested size.

*

* @param maxSize the maximum size of the cache before returning. May be -1

* to evict even 0-sized elements.

*/

public void trimToSize(int maxSize) {

while (true) {

K key;

V value;

synchronized (this) {

if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {

throw new IllegalStateException(getClass().getName()

+ ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!");

}

if (size <= maxSize) {

break;

}

Map.Entry toEvict = map.eldest();

if (toEvict == null) {

break;

}

key = toEvict.getKey();

value = toEvict.getValue();

map.remove(key);

size -= safeSizeOf(key, value);

evictionCount++;

}

entryRemoved(true, key, value, null);

}

}

其中有个map.eldest();方法,表示取出LinkedHashMap中最年长的元素,并将其驱逐。

下面来看看错误的实现 Android 5.0(API Level 21):

/**

* @param maxSize the maximum size of the cache before returning. May be -1

* to evict even 0-sized elements.

*/

private void trimToSize(int maxSize) {

while (true) {

K key;

V value;

synchronized (this) {

if (size < 0 || (map.isEmpty() && size != 0)) {

throw new IllegalStateException(getClass().getName()

+ ".sizeOf() is reporting inconsistent results!");

}

if (size <= maxSize) {

break;

}

// BEGIN LAYOUTLIB CHANGE

// get the last item in the linked list.

// This is not efficient, the goal here is to minimize the changes

// compared to the platform version.

Map.Entry toEvict = null;

for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {

toEvict = entry;

}

// END LAYOUTLIB CHANGE

if (toEvict == null) {

break;

}

key = toEvict.getKey();

value = toEvict.getValue();

map.remove(key);

size -= safeSizeOf(key, value);

evictionCount++;

}

entryRemoved(true, key, value, null);

}

}

注意其中这段以及其注释说明:

Map.Entry toEvict = null;

for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {

toEvict = entry;

}

遍历取出最后一个元素,这个正是将被驱逐的元素。同时在类说明中给了一段注释:

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* BEGIN LAYOUTLIB CHANGE

* This is a custom version that doesn't use the non standard LinkedHashMap#eldest.

* END LAYOUTLIB CHANGE

*

* A cache that holds strong references to a limited number of values. Each time

* a value is accessed, it is moved to the head of a queue. When a value is

* ...(略)

是说,这个版本不能使用非标准APILinkedHashMap#eldest。然而紧接着的一句话:

Each time a value is accessed, it is moved to the head of a queue.

每次访问一个值时,它都会被移动到队列的head(意思是说head是 most-recently,不是 least-recently)。

就说错了,有LinkedHashMap的文档为证:

* A special {@link #LinkedHashMap(int,float,boolean) constructor} is

* provided to create a linked hash map whose order of iteration is the order

* in which its entries were last accessed, from least-recently accessed to

* most-recently (access-order). This kind of map is well-suited to

* building LRU caches.

从“较远的近”(最近最少访问)到“极为最近”排序,说明head是“较远的近”,是 least-recently,是eldest。

这段代码经过测试,在Cache Size填满后,确实总是驱逐最后添加进去的元素。显然不符合Lru的意图。

需要注意的是,LruCache的map是这么构造的:this.map = new LinkedHashMap(0, 0.75f, true);,重点在这个true, 表示任何一个操作(get, put等)都将触发重排序,将这个被操作的元素排到链表的末尾,因此末尾的是最近“频繁”使用的,而不是 LRU(Least Recently Used)最近“最少”使用的,那么这个取出末尾的那个元素并将其驱逐的逻辑,显然是错误的!

那么我们还是回过头来看看eldest()到底做了什么吧!

/**

* Returns the eldest entry in the map, or {@code null} if the map is empty.

* @hide

*/

public Entry eldest() {

LinkedEntry eldest = header.nxt;

return eldest != header ? eldest : null;

}

eldest()直接返回了header.nxt.

public class LinkedHashMap extends HashMap {

/**

* A dummy entry in the circular linked list of entries in the map.

* The first real entry is header.nxt, and the last is header.prv.

* If the map is empty, header.nxt == header && header.prv == header.

*/

transient LinkedEntry header;

而header.nxt又是The first real entry. 意思很明确了,就是返回链表的第一个元素。

那么可以肯定Android 5.0(API Level 21)及以前对LruCache的实现就是一个bug了。

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