本文,我们将学习如何使用SnakeYAML库将
YAML文档转换为Java对象,以及JAVA对象如何序列化为YAML文档。
要在项目中使用SnakeYAML,需要添加Maven依赖项(可在此处找到最新版本):
<dependency>
<groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
<artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
<version>1.25</version>
</dependency>
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该YAML
类是API的入口点:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml()
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由于实现不是线程安全的,因此不同的线程必须具有自己的Yaml
实例。
SnakeYAML
支持从String
或InputStream
加载文档,我们从定义一个简单的YAML文档开始,然后将文件命名为customer.yaml
:
firstName: "John"
lastName: "Doe"
age: 20
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现在,我们将使用Yaml
类来解析上述YAML文档:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
.getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");
Map<String, Object> obj = yaml.load(inputStream);
System.out.println(obj);
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上面的代码生成以下输出:
{firstName=John, lastName=Doe, age=20}
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默认情况下,load()
方法返回一个Map
对象。查询Map
对象时,我们需要事先知道属性键的名称,否则容易出错。更好的办法是自定义类型。
SnakeYAML
提供了一种将文档解析为自定义类型的方法
让我们定义一个Customer
类,然后尝试再次加载该文档:
public class Customer {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int age;
// getters and setters
}
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现在我么来加载:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
.getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");
Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);
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还有一种方法是使用Constructor:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
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如果没有为给定属性定义类型,则库会自动将值转换为隐式type。
例如:
1.0 -> Float
42 -> Integer
2009-03-30 -> Date
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让我们使用一个TestCase来测试这种隐式类型转换:
@Test
public void whenLoadYAML_thenLoadCorrectImplicitTypes() {
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
Map<Object, Object> document = yaml.load("3.0: 2022-8-17");
assertNotNull(document);
assertEquals(1, document.size());
assertTrue(document.containsKey(3.0d));
}
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SnakeYAML
支持嵌套的复杂类型。
让我们向“ customer.yaml”
添加“ 联系方式”
和“ 地址”
详细信息,
并将新文件另存为customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml.
。
现在,我们将分析新的YAML文档:
firstName: "John"
lastName: "Doe"
age: 31
contactDetails:
- type: "mobile"
number: 123456789
- type: "landline"
number: 456786868
homeAddress:
line: "Xyz, DEF Street"
city: "City Y"
state: "State Y"
zip: 345657
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我们来更新java类:
public class Customer {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int age;
private List<Contact> contactDetails;
private Address homeAddress;
// getters and setters
}
public class Contact {
private String type;
private int number;
// getters and setters
}
public class Address {
private String line;
private String city;
private String state;
private Integer zip;
// getters and setters
}
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现在,我们来测试下Yaml
的load()
:
@Test
public void
whenLoadYAMLDocumentWithTopLevelClass_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjectWithNestedObjects() {
Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
.getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("yaml/customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml");
Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);
assertNotNull(customer);
assertEquals("John", customer.getFirstName());
assertEquals("Doe", customer.getLastName());
assertEquals(31, customer.getAge());
assertNotNull(customer.getContactDetails());
assertEquals(2, customer.getContactDetails().size());
assertEquals("mobile", customer.getContactDetails()
.get(0)
.getType());
assertEquals(123456789, customer.getContactDetails()
.get(0)
.getNumber());
assertEquals("landline", customer.getContactDetails()
.get(1)
.getType());
assertEquals(456786868, customer.getContactDetails()
.get(1)
.getNumber());
assertNotNull(customer.getHomeAddress());
assertEquals("Xyz, DEF Street", customer.getHomeAddress()
.getLine());
}
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当给定Java类的一个或多个属性是泛型集合类时,需要通过TypeDescription
来指定泛型类型,以以便可以正确解析。
让我们假设一个 一个Customer
拥有多个Contact
:
firstName: "John"
lastName: "Doe"
age: 31
contactDetails:
- { type: "mobile", number: 123456789}
- { type: "landline", number: 123456789}
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为了能正确解析,我们可以在顶级类上为给定属性指定TypeDescription
:
Constructor constructor = new Constructor(Customer.class);
TypeDescription customTypeDescription = new TypeDescription(Customer.class);
customTypeDescription.addPropertyParameters("contactDetails", Contact.class);
constructor.addTypeDescription(customTypeDescription);
Yaml yaml = new Yaml(constructor);
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在某些情况下,单个文件中
可能有多个YAML文档,而我们想解析所有文档。所述YAML
类提供了一个LOADALL()
方法来完成这种类型的解析。
假设下面的内容在一个文件中:
---
firstName: "John"
lastName: "Doe"
age: 20
---
firstName: "Jack"
lastName: "Jones"
age: 25
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我们可以使用loadAll()
方法解析以上内容,如以下代码示例所示:
@Test
public void whenLoadMultipleYAMLDocuments_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjects() {
Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
.getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("yaml/customers.yaml");
int count = 0;
for (Object object : yaml.loadAll(inputStream)) {
count++;
assertTrue(object instanceof Customer);
}
assertEquals(2,count);
}
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SnakeYAML
支持 将java对象序列化为yml。
我们将从一个将Map <String,Object>
的实例转储到YAML文档(String
)的简单示例开始:
@Test
public void whenDumpMap_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() {
Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
data.put("name", "Silenthand Olleander");
data.put("race", "Human");
data.put("traits", new String[] { "ONE_HAND", "ONE_EYE" });
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
yaml.dump(data, writer);
String expectedYaml = "name: Silenthand Olleander\nrace: Human\ntraits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]\n";
assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());
}
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上面的代码产生以下输出(请注意,使用LinkedHashMap
的实例将保留输出数据的顺序):
name: Silenthand Olleander
race: Human
traits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]
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我们还可以选择将自定义Java类型转储到输出流中。
@Test
public void whenDumpACustomType_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() {
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setAge(45);
customer.setFirstName("Greg");
customer.setLastName("McDowell");
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
yaml.dump(customer, writer);
String expectedYaml = "!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer {age: 45, contactDetails: null, firstName: Greg,\n homeAddress: null, lastName: McDowell}\n";
assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());
}
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生成内容会包含!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer,为了避免在输出文件中使用标签名,我们可以使用库提供的 dumpAs()
方法。
因此,在上面的代码中,我们可以进行以下调整以删除标记:
yaml.dumpAs(customer, Tag.MAP, null);