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33 Concepts Every JavaScript Developer Should Know
Introduction
This repository was created with the intention of helping developers master their concepts in JavaScript. It is not a requirement, but a guide for future studies. It is based on an article written by Stephen Curtis and you can read it here.
Community
Feel free to submit a PR adding a link to your own recaps or reviews. If you want to translate the repo into your native language, please feel free to do so.
All the translations for this repo will be listed below:
- Albanian — Eldrin Ereqi
- Arabic — Amr Elsekilly
- Chinese — Re Tian
- Portuguese-BR — Tiago Boeing
- Korean — Suin Lee
- Spanish — Adonis Mendoza
- Turkish — İlker Demir
- Russian — Mihail Gumennii
- Tiếng Việt — Nguyễn Trần Chung
- Polish — Dawid Lipinski
- Persian — Majid Alavizadeh
- Indonesian — Rijdzuan Sampoerna
- French — Robin Métral
- Hindi — Vikas Chauhan
- Greek — Dimitris Zarachanis
- Japanese — oimo23
- German — burhannn
- Ukrainian — Andrew Savetchuk
- Sinhala — Udaya Shamendra
- Italian — Gianluca Fiore
Table of Contents
- Call Stack
- Primitive Types
- Value Types and Reference Types
- Implicit, Explicit, Nominal, Structuring and Duck Typing
- == vs === vs typeof
- Function Scope, Block Scope and Lexical Scope
- Expression vs Statement
- IIFE, Modules and Namespaces
- Message Queue and Event Loop
- setTimeout, setInterval and requestAnimationFrame
- JavaScript Engines
- Bitwise Operators, Type Arrays and Array Buffers
- DOM and Layout Trees
- Factories and Classes
- this, call, apply and bind
- new, Constructor, instanceof and Instances
- Prototype Inheritance and Prototype Chain
- Object.create and Object.assign
- map, reduce, filter
- Pure Functions, Side Effects and State Mutation
- Closures
- High Order Functions
- Recursion
- Collections and Generators
- Promises
- async/await
- Data Structures
- Expensive Operation and Big O Notation
- Algorithms
- Inheritance, Polymorphism and Code Reuse
- Design Patterns
- Partial Applications, Currying, Compose and Pipe
- Clean Code
1. Call Stack
Reference
Articles
-
�� Understanding Javascript Call Stack, Event Loops — Gaurav Pandvia -
�� Understanding the JavaScript Call Stack — Charles Freeborn -
�� Javascript: What Is The Execution Context? What Is The Call Stack? — Valentino Gagliardi -
�� What is the JS Event Loop and Call Stack? — Jess Telford -
�� Understanding Execution Context and Execution Stack in Javascript — Sukhjinder Arora -
�� How JavaScript Works: An Overview of the Engine, the Runtime, and the Call Stack — Alexander Zlatkov -
�� The Ultimate Guide to Execution Contexts, Hoisting, Scopes, and Closures in JavaScript — Tyler McGinnis -
�� How JavaScript Works Under The Hood: An Overview of JavaScript Engine, Heap and, Call Stack — Bipin Rajbhar
Videos
-
�� Javascript: the Call Stack explained — Coding Blocks India -
�� The JS Call Stack Explained In 9 Minutes — Colt Steele -
�� JavaScript Execution Stack — Codecademy -
�� What is the Call Stack? — Eric Traub -
�� The Call Stack — Kevin Drumm -
�� Understanding JavaScript Execution — Codesmith -
�� The Ultimate Guide to Execution Contexts, Hoisting, Scopes, and Closures in JavaScript — Tyler McGinnis -
�� What the heck is the event loop anyway? — Philip Roberts -
�� La PILA DE EJECUCIÓN (Call Stack) de JavaScript — La Cocina del Código -
�� How JavaScript Code is executed?❤️ & Call Stack
2. Primitive Types
Reference
Articles
-
�� How numbers are encoded in JavaScript — Dr. Axel Rauschmayer -
�� What You Need to Know About JavaScript Number Type — Max Wizard K -
�� What Every JavaScript Developer Should Know About Floating Point Numbers — Chewxy -
�� The Secret Life of JavaScript Primitives — Angus Croll -
�� Primitive Types — Flow -
�� (Not) Everything in JavaScript is an Object — Daniel Li -
�� JavaScript data types and data structures — MDN -
�� Diving Deeper in JavaScripts Objects — Arfat Salman -
�� The differences between Object.freeze() vs Const in JavaScript — Bolaji Ayodeji
Videos
-
�� JavaScript Reference vs Primitive Types — Academind -
�� JavaScript Primitive Types — Simon Sez IT -
�� Value Types and Reference Types in JavaScript — Programming with Mosh -
�� JavaScript Primitive Data Types — Avelx -
�� Everything you never wanted to know about JavaScript numbers — Bartek Szopka -
�� What are variables in Javascript? — JS For Everyone -
�� TIPOS DE DATOS PRIMITIVOS en JAVASCRIPT - La Cocina del Código
3. Value Types and Reference Types
Articles
-
�� Explaining Value vs. Reference in Javascript — Arnav Aggarwal -
�� Primitive Types & Reference Types in JavaScript — Bran van der Meer -
�� Value Types, Reference Types and Scope in JavaScript — Ben Aston -
�� Back to roots: JavaScript Value vs Reference — Miro Koczka -
�� Grasp “By Value” and “By Reference” in JavaScript — Léna Faure -
�� JavaScript Reference and Copy Variables — Vítor Capretz -
�� JavaScript Primitive vs Reference Values -
�� JavaScript by Reference vs. by Value — nrabinowitz -
�� JavaScript Interview Prep: Primitive vs. Reference Types — Mike Cronin
Videos
-
�� Javascript Pass by Value vs Pass by Reference — techsith -
�� JavaScript Value vs Reference Types — Programming with Mosh -
�� VALORES vs REFERENCIAS en JAVASCRIPT - La Cocina del Código
4. Implicit, Explicit, Nominal, Structuring and Duck Typing
Articles
-
�� What you need to know about Javascript's Implicit Coercion — Promise Tochi -
�� JavaScript Type Coercion Explained — Alexey Samoshkin -
�� Javascript Coercion Explained — Ben Garrison -
�� What exactly is Type Coercion in Javascript? - Stack Overflow
Videos
-
�� == ? === ??? ...#@^% - Shirmung Bielefeld -
�� Coercion in Javascript - Hitesh Choudhary -
�� JavaScript Questions: What is Coercion? - Steven Hancock -
�� Typing: Static vs Dynamic, Weak vs. Strong - Codexpanse -
�� EL SISTEMA de TIPOS DE JAVASCRIPT - La Cocina del Código
Books
5. == vs === vs typeof
Articles
-
�� JavaScript Double Equals vs. Triple Equals — Brandon Morelli -
�� Should I use === or == equality comparison operator in JavaScript? — Panu Pitkamaki -
�� == vs === JavaScript: Double Equals and Coercion — AJ Meyghani -
�� Why Use the Triple-Equals Operator in JavaScript? — Louis Lazaris -
�� What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript? — Craig Buckler -
�� Why javascript's typeof always return "object"? — Stack Overflow -
�� Checking Types in Javascript — Toby Ho -
�� How to better check data types in JavaScript — Webbjocke -
�� Checking for the Absence of a Value in JavaScript — Tomer Aberbach
Videos
6. Function Scope, Block Scope and Lexical Scope
Books
Articles
-
�� JavaScript Functions — Understanding The Basics — Brandon Morelli -
�� The battle between Function Scope and Block Scope — Marius Herring -
�� Emulating Block Scope in JavaScript — Josh Clanton -
�� The Difference Between Function and Block Scope in JavaScript — Joseph Cardillo -
�� Function Scopes and Block Scopes in JavaScript — Samer Buna -
�� Understanding Scope and Context in JavaScript | Ryan Morr -
�� JavaScript Scope and Closures — Zell Liew -
�� Understanding Scope in JavaScript — Wissam Abirached -
�� Speaking JavaScript - Variables: Scopes, Environments, and Closures — Dr. Axel Rauschmayer -
�� Understanding Scope in JavaScript ― Hammad Ahmed -
�� When to use a function declaration vs. a function expression ― Amber Wilkie -
�� A JavaScript Fundamentals Cheat Sheet: Scope, Context, and “this” ― Alexandra Fren
Videos
-
�� What Makes Javascript Weird ... and Awesome pt. 4 — LearnCode.academy -
�� Variable Scope in JavaScript — Kirupa Chinnathambi -
�� JavaScript Block Scope and Function Scope — mmtuts -
�� What the Heck is Lexical Scope? — NWCalvank
7. Expression vs Statement
Articles
-
�� All you need to know about Javascript's Expressions, Statements and Expression Statements — Promise Tochi -
�� Function Expressions vs Function Declarations — Paul Wilkins -
�� JavaScript Function — Declaration vs Expression — Ravi Roshan -
�� Function Declarations vs. Function Expressions — Mandeep Singh -
�� Function Declarations vs. Function Expressions — Anguls Croll
Videos
-
�� Expressions vs. Statements in JavaScript — Hexlet -
�� JavaScript - Expression vs. Statement — WebTunings
8. IIFE, Modules and Namespaces
Articles
-
�� Mastering Immediately-Invoked Function Expressions ― Chandra Gundamaraju -
�� Do ES6 Modules make the case of IIFEs obsolete? -
�� A 10 minute primer to JavaScript modules, module formats, module loaders and module bundlers ― Jurgen Van de Moere -
�� Modules ― Exploring JS -
�� ES modules: A cartoon deep-dive — Lin Clark -
�� Understanding ES6 Modules — Craig Buckler -
�� An overview of ES6 Modules in JavaScript — Brent Graham -
�� ES6 Modules in Depth — Nicolás Bevacqua -
�� ES6 modules, Node.js and the Michael Jackson Solution — Alberto Gimeno -
�� JavaScript Modules: A Beginner’s Guide — Preethi Kasireddy -
�� Using JavaScript modules on the web -
�� IIFE: Immediately Invoked Function Expressions — Parwinder
Videos
-
�� Immediately Invoked Function Expression - Beau teaches JavaScript — freeCodeCamp -
�� Understanding JavaScript IIFE -
�� JavaScript Modules: ES6 Import and Export — Kyle Robinson -
�� ES6 - Modules — Ryan Christiani -
�� ES6 Modules in the Real World — Sam Thorogood -
�� ES6 Modules — TempleCoding
9. Message Queue and Event Loop
Articles
-
�� JavaScript Event Loop Explained — Anoop Raveendran -
�� The JavaScript Event Loop: Explained — Erin Sweson-Healey -
�� Understanding JS: The Event Loop — Alexander Kondov -
�� Understanding the JavaScript Event Loop — Ashish Gupta -
�� Event Loop in Javascript — Manjula Dube -
�� The JavaScript Event Loop — Flavio Copes -
�� How JavaScript works: Event loop — Alexander Zlatkov -
�� Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules — Jake Archibald -
�� Visualising the JavaScript Event Loop with a Pizza Restaurant analogy — Priyansh Jain -
�� JavaScript Visualized: Event Loop — Lydia Hallie
Videos
-
�� What the heck is the event loop anyway? | JSConf EU — Philip Roberts -
�� JavaScript Event Loop — ComScience Simplified -
�� I'm stuck in an Event Loop — Philip Roberts -
�� In The Loop - Jake Archibald | JSConf.Asia 2018 -
�� Desmitificando el Event Loop (Spanish)
10. setTimeout, setInterval and requestAnimationFrame
Articles
-
�� setTimeout and setInterval — JavaScript.Info -
�� Why not to use setInterval — Akanksha Sharma -
�� setTimeout VS setInterval — Develoger -
�� Using requestAnimationFrame — Chris Coyier -
�� Understanding JavaScript's requestAnimationFrame() — JavaScript Kit -
�� Handling time intervals in JavaScript - Amit Merchant
Videos
-
�� Javascript: How setTimeout and setInterval works — Coding Blocks India -
�� setTimeout and setInterval in JavaScript — techsith -
�� JavaScript Timers — Steve Griffith -
�� JavaScript setTimeOut and setInterval Explained — Theodore Anderson
11. JavaScript Engines
Articles
-
�� JavaScript Engines — Jen Looper -
�� Understanding How the Chrome V8 Engine Translates JavaScript into Machine Code — DroidHead -
�� Understanding V8’s Bytecode — Franziska Hinkelmann -
�� A Brief History of Google’s V8 Javascript Engine — Clair Smith -
�� JavaScript essentials: why you should know how the engine works - Rainer Hahnekamp -
�� JavaScript engine fundamentals: Shapes and Inline Caches -
�� JavaScript engine fundamentals: optimizing prototypes -
�� How V8 optimizes array operations
Videos
12. Bitwise Operators, Type Arrays and Array Buffers
Articles
-
�� Programming with JS: Bitwise Operations — Alexander Kondov -
�� Using JavaScript’s Bitwise Operators in Real Life — ian m -
�� JavaScript Bitwise Operators — w3resource -
�� Bitwise Operators in Javascript — Joe Cha -
�� A Comprehensive Primer on Binary Computation and Bitwise Operators in Javascript — Paul Brown -
�� How can I understand Bitwise operation in JavaScript?
Videos
13. DOM and Layout Trees
Books
Articles
-
�� How To Understand and Modify the DOM in JavaScript — Tania Rascia -
�� What’s the Document Object Model, and why you should know how to use it — Leonardo Maldonado -
�� JavaScript DOM Tutorial with Example — Guru99 -
�� What is the DOM? — Chris Coyier -
�� Traversing the DOM with JavaScript — Zell Liew -
�� DOM Tree -
�� How to traverse the DOM in Javascript — Vojislav Grujić -
�� Render Tree Construction — Ilya Grigorik -
�� What exactly is the DOM? -
�� A Vanilla JS Guide On Mastering the DOM — Brian Pak
Videos
14. Factories and Classes
Articles
-
�� How To Use Classes in JavaScript — Tania Rascia -
�� Javascript Classes — Under The Hood — Majid -
�� ES6 Classes — Nathaniel Foster -
�� Better JavaScript with ES6, Pt. II: A Deep Dive into Classes ― Peleke Sengstacke -
�� Understand the Factory Design Pattern in Plain JavaScript — Aditya Agarwal -
�� Factory Functions in JavaScript — Josh Miller -
�� The Factory Pattern in JS ES6 — SnstsDev -
�� Class vs Factory function: exploring the way forward — Cristi Salcescu -
�� How ES6 classes really work and how to build your own — Robert Grosse -
�� Understandingsuperin JavaScript -
�� An Easy Guide To Understanding Classes In JavaScript
Videos
-
�� JavaScript Factory Functions — Programming with Mosh -
�� Factory Functions in JavaScript — Fun Fun Function -
�� Javascript Tutorial Function Factories — Crypto Chan
15. this, call, apply and bind
Reference
-
�� call() — MDN -
�� bind() — MDN -
�� apply() — MDN
Articles
-
�� Grokking call(), apply() and bind() methods in JavaScript — Aniket Kudale -
�� How-to: call() , apply() and bind() in JavaScript — Niladri Sekhar Dutta -
�� JavaScript’s Apply, Call, and Bind Methods are Essential for JavaScript Professionals — Richard Bovell -
�� WTF is this - Understanding the this keyword, call, apply, and bind in JavaScript — Tyler McGinnis -
�� Javascript: call(), apply() and bind() — Omer Goldberg -
�� The difference between call / apply / bind — Ivan Sifrim -
�� What the hack is call, apply, bind in JavaScript — Ritik -
�� Mastering 'this' in JavaScript: Callbacks and bind(), apply(), call() — Michelle Gienow -
�� JavaScript’s apply, call, and bind explained by hosting a cookout — Kevin Kononenko -
�� How AND When to use bind, call, and apply in Javascript — Eigen X -
�� JavaScript .bind() vs .apply() and .call() — Hack Sparrow -
�� Let me explain to you what isthis. (Javascript) — Jason Yu -
�� Understanding the “this” Keyword in JavaScript — Pavan -
�� How to understand the keyword this and context in JavaScript — Lukas Gisder-Dubé -
�� What the heck is this in Javascript? — Hridayesh Sharma -
�� This and Bind In Javascript — Brian Barbour -
�� 3 Techniques for Maintaining Your Sanity Using "This" in JavaScript — Carl -
�� Mastering the JavaScript "this" Keyword — Aakash Srivastav -
�� This binding in JavaScript – 4. New binding — Spyros Argalias -
�� A quick intro to 'this' in JavaScript — Natalie Smith -
�� Explaining JavaScript 'this' to my cat — Andrey K -
�� A conversation with the 'this' keyword in Javascript — Karen Efereyan -
�� What are call(), apply() and bind() in JavaScript — Amitav Mishra -
�� Understanding 'this' binding in JavaScript — Yasemin Cidem
Videos
-
�� JavaScript call, apply and bind — techsith -
�� JavaScript Practical Applications of Call, Apply and Bind functions— techsith -
�� JavaScript (call, bind, apply) — curious aatma -
�� Understanding Functions and 'this' In The World of ES2017 — Bryan Hughes -
�� bind and this - Object Creation in JavaScript - FunFunFunction -
�� JS Function Methods call(), apply(), and bind() — Steve Griffith
16. new, Constructor, instanceof and Instances
Articles
-
�� JavaScript For Beginners: the ‘new’ operator — Brandon Morelli -
�� Let’s demystify JavaScript’s ‘new’ keyword — Cynthia Lee -
�� Constructor, operator "new" — JavaScript.Info -
�� Understanding JavaScript Constructors — Faraz Kelhini -
�� Use Constructor Functions — Openclassrooms -
�� Beyondtypeofandinstanceof: simplifying dynamic type checks — Dr. Axel Rauschmayer -
�� What Is the Instanceof Operator in JavaScript — appendTo -
�� Function and Object, instances of each other — Kiro Risk
17. Prototype Inheritance and Prototype Chain
Reference
Articles
-
�� Javascript : Prototype vs Class — Valentin PARSY -
�� JavaScript engine fundamentals: optimizing prototypes — Mathias Bynens -
�� JavaScript Prototype — NC Patro -
�� Prototype in Javascript — Sandeep Ranjan -
�� Prototypes in JavaScript — Rupesh Mishra -
�� Prototype in JavaScript: it’s quirky, but here’s how it works — Pranav Jindal -
�� Understanding JavaScript: Prototype and Inheritance — Alexander Kondov -
�� Understanding Classes (ES5) and Prototypal Inheritance in JavaScript — Hridayesh Sharma -
�� prototype, proto and Prototypal inheritance in JavaScript — Varun Dey -
�� Prototypal Inheritance — JavaScript.Info -
�� How To Work with Prototypes and Inheritance in JavaScript — Tania Rascia -
�� Master JavaScript Prototypes & Inheritance — Arnav Aggarwal -
�� JavaScript’s Prototypal Inheritance Explained Using CSS — Nash Vail -
�� Prototypal Inheritance in JavaScript — Jannis Redmann -
�� Demystifying ES6 Classes And Prototypal Inheritance ― Neo Ighodaro -
�� Intro To Prototypal Inheritance — Dharani Jayakanthan -
�� Let’s Build Prototypal Inheritance in JS — var-che -
�� Objects, Prototypes and Classes in JavaScript — Atta -
�� The magical world of JavaScript prototypes — Belén -
�� Understanding Prototypal Inheritance In JavaScript — Lawrence Eagles -
�� Objects and Prototypes in JavaScript — Irena Popova
Videos
-
�� Javascript Prototype Inheritance — Avelx -
�� JavaScript Prototype Inheritance Explained pt. I — techsith -
�� JavaScript Prototype Inheritance Explained pt. II — techsith -
�� JavaScript Prototype Inheritance Explained — Kyle Robinson -
�� Advanced Javascript - Prototypal Inheritance In 1 Minute -
�� An Overview Of Classical Javascript Classes and Prototypal Inheritance — Pentacode -
�� Object Oriented JavaScript - Prototype — The Net Ninja -
�� Prototype in JavaScript — kudvenkat -
�� JavaScript Using Prototypes — O'Reilly -
�� A Beginner's Guide to Javascript's Prototype — Tyler Mcginnis -
�� Prototypes in Javascript - p5.js Tutorial — The Coding Train
Books
18. Object.create and Object.assign
Reference
Articles
-
�� Object.create in JavaScript — Rupesh Mishra -
�� Object.create(): the New Way to Create Objects in JavaScript — Rob Gravelle -
�� Basic Inheritance with Object.create — Joshua Clanton -
�� Object.create() In JavaScript — GeeksforGeeks -
�� Understanding the difference between Object.create() and the new operator — Jonathan Voxland -
�� JavaScript Object Creation: Patterns and Best Practices — Jeff Mott -
�� Dealing With Objects in JavaScript With Object.assign, Object.keys and hasOwnProperty -
�� Copying Objects in JavaScript ― Orinami Olatunji -
�� JavaScript: Object.assign() — Thiago S. Adriano -
�� How to deep clone a JavaScript Object — Flavio Copes -
�� Object.create(): When and Why to Use — VZing
Videos
19. map, reduce, filter
Articles
-
�� JavaScript Functional Programming — map, filter and reduce — Bojan Gvozderac -
�� Learn map, filter and reduce in Javascript — João Miguel Cunha -
�� JavaScript’s Map, Reduce, and Filter — Dan Martensen -
�� How to Use Map, Filter, & Reduce in JavaScript — Peleke Sengstacke -
�� JavaScript — Learn to Chain Map, Filter, and Reduce — Brandon Morelli -
�� Javascript data structure with map, reduce, filter and ES6 — Deepak Gupta -
�� Understanding map, filter and reduce in Javascript — Luuk Gruijs -
�� Functional Programming in JS: map, filter, reduce (Pt. 5) — Omer Goldberg -
�� JavaScript: Map, Filter, Reduce — William S. Vincent -
�� Arrow Functions: Fat and Concise Syntax in JavaScript — Kyle Pennell -
�� JavaScript: Arrow Functions for Beginners — Brandon Morelli -
�� When (and why) you should use ES6 arrow functions — and when you shouldn’t — Cynthia Lee -
�� JavaScript — Learn & Understand Arrow Functions — Brandon Morelli -
�� (JavaScript )=> Arrow functions — sigu -
�� Javascript.reduce() — Paul Anderson -
�� Why you should replace forEach with map and filter in JavaScript — Roope Hakulinen -
�� Simplify your JavaScript – Use .map(), .reduce(), and .filter() — Etienne Talbot -
�� JavaScript’s Reduce Method Explained By Going On a Diet — Kevin Kononenko -
�� Difference between map, filter and reduce in JavaScript — Amirata Khodaparast -
�� Map⇄Filter⇄Reduce↻ — ashay mandwarya -
�� Finding Your Way With .map() — Brandon Wozniewicz -
�� How to write your own map, filter and reduce functions in JavaScript — Hemand Nair -
�� How to Manipulate Arrays in JavaScript — Bolaji Ayodeji -
�� How to simplify your codebase with map(), reduce(), and filter() in JavaScript — Alex Permyakov -
�� .map(), .filter(), and .reduce() — Andy Pickle -
�� Map/Filter/Reduce Crash Course — Chris Achard -
�� Map, Filter and Reduce – Animated — JavaScript Teacher -
�� Map, Filter, Reduce and others Arrays Iterators You Must Know to Become an Algorithms Wizard — Mauro Bono -
�� How to Use JavaScript’s .map, .filter, and .reduce — Avery Duffin -
�� Javascript performance test - for vs for each vs (map, reduce, filter, find) — Deepak Gupta -
�� Using .map(), .filter() and .reduce() properly — Sasanka Kudagoda -
�� Mastering the JavaScript Reduce method✂️ — sanderdebr
Videos
-
�� Map, Filter and Reduce — Lydia Hallie -
�� Functional JavaScript: Map, forEach, Reduce, Filter — Theodore Anderson -
�� JavaScript Array superpowers: Map, Filter, Reduce (part I) — Michael Rosata -
�� JavaScript Array superpowers: Map, Filter, Reduce (part 2) — Michael Rosata -
�� JavaScript Higher Order Functions - Filter, Map, Sort & Reduce — Epicop -
�� [Array Methods 2/3] .filter + .map + .reduce — CodeWithNick -
�� Arrow functions in JavaScript - What, Why and How — Fun Fun Function -
�� Learning Functional Programming with JavaScript — Anjana Vakil - JSUnconf -
�� Map - Parte 2 JavaScript - Fun Fun Function -
�� Reduce basics - Part 3 of FP in JavaScript - Fun Fun Function -
�� Reduce Advanced - Part 4 of FP in JavaScript - Fun Fun Function -
�� reduce Array Method | JavaScript Tutorial - Florin Pop -
�� map Array Method | JavaScript Tutorial - Florin Pop
20. Pure Functions, Side Effects, State Mutation and Event Propagation
Articles
-
�� Javascript and Functional Programming — Pure Functions — Omer Goldberg -
�� Master the JavaScript Interview: What is a Pure Function? — Eric Elliott -
�� JavaScript: What Are Pure Functions And Why Use Them? — James Jeffery -
�� Pure functions in JavaScript — @nicoespeon -
�� Functional Programming: Pure Functions — Arne Brasseur -
�� Pure Functions In Javascript — Krunal -
�� Making your JavaScript Pure — Jack Franklin -
�� Arrays, Objects and Mutations — Federico Knüssel -
�� The State of Immutability — Maciej Sikora -
�� How to deal with dirty side effects in your pure functional JavaScript — James Sinclair -
�� Preventing Side Effects in JavaScript — David Walsh -
�� Wielding Pure Functions in JavaScript and Function Composition — Peleke Sengstacke -
�� JavaScript: Pure Functions — William S. Vincent -
�� Functional programming paradigms in modern JavaScript: Pure functions — Alexander Kondov -
�� Understanding Javascript Mutation and Pure Functions — Chidume Nnamdi -
�� Functional-ish JavaScript — Daniel Brain -
�� Event Propagation — MDN -
�� Event Propagation — Bubbling and capturing
Videos
-
�� Pure Functions — Hexlet -
�� Pure Functions - Functional Programming in JavaScript — Paul McBride -
�� JavaScript Pure Functions — Seth Alexander -
�� JavaScript Pure vs Impure Functions Explained — Theodore Anderson -
�� Pure Functions - Programação Funcional: Parte 1 - Fun Fun Function -
�� Event Propagation - JavaScript Event Bubbling and Propagation - Steve Griffith
21. Closures
Reference
Articles
-
�� I never understood JavaScript closures — Olivier De Meulder -
�� Understand JavaScript Closures With Ease — Richard Bovell -
�� Understanding JavaScript Closures — Codesmith -
�� Understand Closures in JavaScript — Brandon Morelli -
�� A simple guide to help you understand closures in JavaScript — Prashant Ram -
�� Understanding JavaScript Closures: A Practical Approach — Paul Upendo -
�� Understanding JavaScript: Closures — Alexander Kondov -
�� How to use JavaScript closures with confidence — Léna Faure -
�� JavaScript closures by example — tyler -
�� JavaScript — Closures and Scope — Alex Aitken -
�� Discover the power of closures in JavaScript — Cristi Salcescu -
�� Simplified JavaScript: Getting Started with Closures — Code Like A Girl -
�� The Ultimate Guide to Hoisting, Scopes, and Closures in JavaScript — Tyler McGinnis -
�� Getting Closure — RealLifeJS -
�� Closure, Currying and IIFE in JavaScript — Ritik -
�� Understanding Closures in JavaScript — Sukhjinder Arora -
�� A basic guide to Closures in JavaScript — Parathan Thiyagalingam -
�� Closures: Using Memoization — Brian Barbour -
�� A Brief Introduction to Closures and Lexical Scoping in JavaScript — Ashutosh K Singh -
�� Demystify Closures — stereobooster -
�� Scopes and Closures - JavaScript Concepts — Agney Menon -
�� Understanding Closures in JavaScript — Matt Popovich -
�� whatthefuck.is · A Closure - Dan Abramov -
�� Closures in JavaScript can... - Brandon LeBoeuf
Videos
-
�� JavaScript The Hard Parts: Closure, Scope & Execution Context - Codesmith -
�� Javascript Closure — techsith -
�� Closures — Fun Fun Function -
�� Closures in JavaScript — techsith -
�� JavaScript Closures 101: What is a closure? — JavaScript Tutorials -
�� Closures — freeCodeCamp -
�� JavaScript Closures — CodeWorkr
22. High Order Functions
Books
Articles
-
�� Higher-Order Functions in JavaScript — M. David Green -
�� Higher Order Functions: Using Filter, Map and Reduce for More Maintainable Code — Guido Schmitz -
�� First-class and Higher Order Functions: Effective Functional JavaScript — Hugo Di Francesco -
�� Higher Order Functions in JavaScript — John Hannah -
�� Higher-order Functions — Richard Bovell -
�� Fun With Higher Order Functions In JavaScript — Derick -
�� Just a reminder on how to use high order functions — Pedro Filho -
�� Understanding Higher-Order Functions in JavaScript — Sukhjinder Arora -
�� Higher Order Functions - A pragmatic approach — emmanuel ikwuoma
Videos
-
�� JavaScript Higher Order Functions & Arrays — Traversy Media -
�� Higher Order Functions — Fun Fun Function -
�� Higher Order Functions in Javascript — Raja Yogan -
�� Higher Order Iterators in JavaScript — Fun Fun Function -
�� Higher Order Functions in JavaScript — The Coding Train -
�� Part 1: An Introduction to Callbacks and Higher Order Functions - Codesmith -
�� Part 2: Understanding Why We Need Higher Order Functions - Codesmith -
�� Higher-Order Functions ft. Functional Programming - Akshay Saini
23. Recursion
Articles
-
�� Recursion in JavaScript — Kevin Ennis -
�� Understanding Recursion in JavaScript — Zak Frisch -
�� Learn and Understand Recursion in JavaScript — Brandon Morelli -
�� Recursion in Functional JavaScript — M. David Green -
�� Programming with JS: Recursion — Alexander Kondov -
�� Anonymous Recursion in JavaScript — simo -
�� Recursion, iteration and tail calls in JS — loverajoel -
�� Understanding Recursion in JavaScript with Confidence — Jay -
�� Intro to Recursion — Brad Newman -
�� Accio Recursion!: Your New Favorite JavaScript Spell — Leanne Cabey -
�� Recursion Explained (with Examples) — Christina
Videos
-
�� Recursion In JavaScript — techsith -
�� Recursion — Fun Fun Function -
�� Recursion and Recursive Functions — Hexlet -
�� Recursion: Recursion() — JS Monthly — Lucas da Costa -
�� Recursive Function in JavaScript — kudvenkat -
�� What on Earth is Recursion? — Computerphile -
�� Javascript Tutorial 34: Introduction To Recursion — codedamn -
�� Recursion, Iteration, and JavaScript: A Love Story | JSHeroes 2018 — Anjana Vakil
24. Collections and Generators
Reference
Articles
-
�� ES6 In Depth: Collections — Jason Orendorff -
�� ES6 Collections: Using Map, Set, WeakMap, WeakSet — Kyle Pennell -
�� ES6 WeakMaps, Sets, and WeakSets in Depth — Nicolás Bevacqua -
�� Introduction to Sets in JavaScript — Alligator.io -
�� Introduction to Maps in JavaScript — Alligator.io -
�� Map, Set, WeakMap and WeakSet — JavaScript.Info -
�� Maps in ES6 - A Quick Guide — Ben Mildren -
�� ES6 — Set vs Array — What and when? — Maya Shavin -
�� ES6 — Map vs Object — What and when? — Maya Shavin -
�� ES6: Working with Sets in JavaScript — Dead Code Rising -
�� Array vs Set vs Map vs Object — Real-time use cases in Javascript (ES6/ES7) — Rajesh Babu -
�� How to create an array of unique values in JavaScript using Sets — Claire Parker-Jones -
�� What You Should Know About ES6 Maps — Just Chris -
�� ES6 Maps in Depth — Nicolás Bevacqua -
�� What are JavaScript Generators and how to use them — Vladislav Stepanov -
�� Understanding JavaScript Generators With Examples — Arfat Salman -
�� The Basics of ES6 Generators — Kyle Simpson -
�� An Introduction to JavaScript Generators — Alice Kallaugher
Videos
-
�� JavaScript ES6 / ES2015 Set, Map, WeakSet and WeakMap — Traversy Media -
�� The Differences between ES6 Maps and Sets — Steve Griffith -
�� Javascript Generators - THEY CHANGE EVERYTHING - ES6 Generators Harmony Generators — LearnCode.academy
25. Promises
Reference
Articles
-
�� JavaScript Promises for Dummies ― Jecelyn Yeen -
�� Understanding promises in JavaScript — Gokul N K -
�� Master the JavaScript Interview: What is a Promise? — Eric Elliott -
�� An Overview of JavaScript Promises — Sandeep Panda -
�� How to use Promises in JavaScript — Prashant Ram -
�� Implementing Promises In JavaScript — Maciej Cieslar -
�� JavaScript: Promises explained with simple real life analogies — Shruti Kapoor -
�� Promises for Asynchronous Programming — Exploring JS -
�� JavaScript Promises Explained By Gambling At A Casino — Kevin Kononenko -
�� ES6 Promises: Patterns and Anti-Patterns — Bobby Brennan -
�� A Simple Guide to ES6 Promises — Brandon Morelli -
�� The ES6 Promises — Manoj Singh Negi -
�� ES6 Promises in Depth — Nicolás Bevacqua -
�� Playing with Javascript Promises: A Comprehensive Approach — Rajesh Babu -
�� How to Write a JavaScript Promise — Brandon Wozniewicz -
�� A Coding Writer’s Guide: An Introduction To ES6 Promises — Andrew Ly -
�� Understanding Promises in JavaScript — Chris Noring -
�� Converting callbacks to promises — Zell Liew -
�� JavaScript Promises: Zero To Hero Plus Cheat Sheet — Joshua Saunders -
�� Promises - JavaScript concepts — Agney Menon -
�� JavascriptPromise101 — Igor Irianto -
�� Simplify JavaScript Promises — Sunny Singh -
�� The Lowdown on Promises — Aphinya Dechalert -
�� JavaScript Visualized: Promises & Async/Await — Lydia Hallie -
�� Promises in JavaScript — Peter Klingelhofer -
�� Best Practices for ES6 Promises — Basti Ortiz
Videos
-
�� Let's Learn ES6 - Promises — Ryan Christiani -
�� JavaScript ES6 / ES2015 Promises — Traversy Media -
�� Promises — Fun Fun Function -
�� Error Handling Promises in JavaScript — Fun Fun Function -
�� Promises Part 1 - Topics of JavaScript/ES6 — The Coding Train
26. async/await
Reference
Books
-
�� Eloquent JavaScript, 3rd Edition: Ch. 11 - Asynchronous Programming -
�� Exploring JS: Asynchronous Programming
Articles
-
�� Understanding async/await in Javascript — Gokul N K -
�� Exploring Async/Await Functions in JavaScript — Alligator.io -
�� Asynchronous Javascript using async/await — Joy Warugu -
�� Modern Asynchronous JavaScript with async/await — Flavio Copes -
�� Asynchronous JavaScript: From Callback Hell to Async and Await — Demir Selmanovic -
�� Javascript — ES8 Introducing async/await Functions — Ben Garrison -
�� How to escape async/await hell — Aditya Agarwal -
�� Understanding JavaScript’s async await — Nicolás Bevacqua -
�� JavaScript Async/Await: Serial, Parallel and Complex Flow — TechBrij -
�� From JavaScript Promises to Async/Await: why bother? — Chris Nwamba -
�� Flow Control in Modern JS: Callbacks to Promises to Async/Await — Craig Buckler -
�� JavaScript: Promises and Why Async/Await Wins the Battle — Nick Parsons -
�� How to improve your asynchronous Javascript code with async and await — Indrek Lasn -
�� Making Fetches Easy With Async Await — Mickey Sheridan -
�� 7 Reasons Why JavaScript Async/Await Is Better Than Plain Promises — Mostafa Gaafar -
�� Asynchronous Operations in JavaScript — Jscrambler -
�� Async/await: A slight design flaw. — Joey -
�� JavaScript: Promises or async-await — Gokul N K -
�� Async / Await: From Zero to Hero — Zhi Yuan -
�� JavaScript Visualized: Promises & Async/Await — Lydia Hallie
Videos
-
�� Async + Await — Wes Bos -
�� Asynchrony: Under the Hood — Shelley Vohr -
�� async/await in JavaScript - What, Why and How — Fun Fun Function -
�� async/await Part 1 - Topics of JavaScript/ES8 — The Coding Train -
�� async/await Part 2 - Topics of JavaScript/ES8 — The Coding Train -
�� Complete Guide to JS Async & Await ES2017/ES8 — Colt Steele
27. Data Structures
Articles
-
�� Data Structures in JavaScript — Thon Ly -
�� Algorithms and Data Structures in JavaScript — Oleksii Trekhleb -
�� Data Structures: Objects and Arrays ― Chris Nwamba -
�� Data structures in JavaScript — Benoit Vallon -
�� Playing with Data Structures in Javascript — Anish K. -
�� The Little Guide of Queue in JavaScript — Germán Cutraro -
�� All algorithms writing with JavaScript in the book 'Algorithms Fourth Edition' -
�� Collection of classic computer science paradigms in JavaScript -
�� All the things you didn't know you wanted to know about data structures -
�� JavaScript Data Structures: 40 Part Series — miku86 -
�� Data Structures: Understanding Graphs — Rachel Hawa -
�� Data Structures Two Ways: Linked List (Pt 1) — Freddie Duffield -
�� Data Structures Two Ways: Linked List (Pt 2) — Freddie Duffield -
�� Graph Data Structures Explained in JavaScript — Adrian Mejia
Videos
-
�� Algorithms In Javascript | Ace Your Interview — Eduonix Learning Solutions -
�� Data Structures and Algorithms in JavaScript — freeCodeCamp -
�� Learning JavaScript Data Structures and Algorithms: Sorting — Packt Video
28. Expensive Operation and Big O Notation
Articles
-
�� Big O Notation in Javascript — César Antón Dorantes -
�� Time Complexity/Big O Notation — Tim Roberts -
�� Big O in JavaScript — Gabriela Medina -
�� Big O Search Algorithms in JavaScript — Bradley Braithwaite -
�� Time Complexity Analysis in JavaScript — Jennifer Bland -
�� Algorithms in plain English: time complexity and Big-O Notation — Michael Olorunnisola -
�� An Introduction to Big O Notation — Joseph Trettevik
Videos
-
�� JavaScript: Intro to Big O Notation and Function Runtime — Eric Traub -
�� Essential Big O for JavaScript Developers — Dave Smith -
�� Big O Notation - Time Complexity Analysis — WebTunings
29. Algorithms
Articles
-
�� Data Structures and Algorithms using ES6 -
�� Algorithms and data structures implemented in JavaScript with explanations and links to further readings -
�� JS: Interview Algorithm -
�� Algorithms in JavaScript — Thon Ly -
�� JavaScript Objects, Square Brackets and Algorithms — Dmitri Grabov -
�� Atwood's Law applied to CS101 - Classic algorithms and data structures implemented in JavaScript -
�� Data Structures and Algorithms library in JavaScript -
�� Collection of computer science algorithms and data structures written in JavaScript -
�� Algorithms and Data Structures in JavaScript — Oleksii Trekhleb
30. Inheritance, Polymorphism and Code Reuse
Reference
Articles
-
�� Inheritance in JavaScript — Rupesh Mishra -
�� Simple Inheritance with JavaScript — David Catuhe -
�� JavaScript — Inheritance, delegation patterns and Object linking — NC Patro -
�� Object Oriented JavaScript: Polymorphism with examples — Knoldus Blogs -
�� Program Like Proteus — A beginner’s guide to polymorphism in Javascript — Sam Galson -
�� Object-oriented JavaScript: A Deep Dive into ES6 Classes — Jeff Mott
Videos
-
�� Inheritance in JavaScript — kudvenkat -
�� JavaScript ES6 Classes and Inheritance — Traversy Media -
�� Polymorphism in JavaScript — kudvenkat
31. Design Patterns
Books
Articles
-
�� 4 JavaScript Design Patterns You Should Know — Devan Patel -
�� JavaScript Design Patterns – Beginner's Guide to Mobile Web Development — Soumyajit Pathak -
�� JavaScript Design Patterns — Akash Pal -
�� Javascript Design Patterns: What They Are & How To Use Them — Patrick Simpson -
�� JavaScript Design Patterns: Understanding Design Patterns in JavaScript - Sukhjinder Arora -
�� All the 23 (GoF) design patterns implemented in Javascript — Felipe Beline -
�� The Power of the Module Pattern in JavaScript — jsmanifest -
�� Design Patterns for Developers using JavaScript pt. I — Oliver Mensah -
�� Design Patterns for Developers using JavaScript pt. II — Oliver Mensah -
�� Design patterns in modern JavaScript development -
�� Understanding Design Patterns: Iterator using Dev.to and Medium social networks! — Carlos Caballero -
�� JavaScript Design Patterns - Factory Pattern — KristijanFištrek -
�� JavaScript Design Pattern — Module Pattern - Factory Pattern — Moon -
�� Design Patterns: Null Object - Carlos Caballero -
�� Strategy Pattern - Francesco Ciulla -
�� Adapter Pattern - Francesco Ciulla -
�� The Power of Composite Pattern in JavaScript - jsmanifest -
�� In Defense of Defensive Programming - Adam Nathaniel Davis
Videos
32. Partial Applications, Currying, Compose and Pipe
Books
Articles
-
�� Use function composition in JavaScript — Rémi -
�� Currying in JavaScript ES6 — Adam Bene -
�� Composition and Currying Elegance in JavaScript — Pragyan Das -
�� Functional JavaScript: Function Composition For Every Day Use — Joel Thoms -
�� Functional Composition: compose() and pipe() — Anton Paras -
�� Why The Hipsters Compose Everything: Functional Composing In JavaScript — A. Sharif -
�� A Gentle Introduction to Functional JavaScript pt III: Functions for making functions — James Sinclair -
�� Curry And Compose (why you should be using something like ramda in your code) — jsanchesleao -
�� Function Composition in JavaScript with Pipe — Andy Van Slaars -
�� Practical Functional JavaScript with Ramda — Andrew D'Amelio, Yuri Takhteyev -
�� The beauty in Partial Application, Currying, and Function Composition — Joel Thoms -
�� Curry or Partial Application? — Eric Elliott -
�� Partial Application in JavaScript — Ben Alman -
�� Partial Application of Functions — Functional Reactive Ninja -
�� Currying vs Partial Application — Deepak Gupta -
�� Partial Application in ECMAScript 2015 — Ragan Wald -
�� Functional Composition in Javascript — Joe Cortopassi -
�� So You Want to be a Functional Programmer pt. I — Charles Scalfani -
�� So You Want to be a Functional Programmer pt. II — Charles Scalfani -
�� So You Want to be a Functional Programmer pt. III — Charles Scalfani -
�� So You Want to be a Functional Programmer pt. IV — Charles Scalfani -
�� So You Want to be a Functional Programmer pt. V — Charles Scalfani -
�� An introduction to the basic principles of Functional Programming — TK -
�� Concepts of Functional Programming in Javascript — TK -
�� An Introduction to Functional Programming Style in JavaScript — JavaScript Teacher -
�� A practical guide to writing more functional JavaScript — Nadeesha Cabral -
�� A simple explanation of functional pipe in JavaScript — Ben Lesh
Videos
-
�� Compose vs Pipe: Functional Programming in JavaScript — Chyld Studios -
�� JavaScript Functional Programing: Compose — Theodore Anderson -
�� Function Composition - Functional JavaScript — NWCalvank -
�� JavaScript Function Composition Explained — Theodore Anderson -
�� Let's code with function composition — Fun Fun Function -
�� Partial Application vs. Currying — NWCalvank -
�� JavaScript Partial Application — Theodore Anderson
33. Clean Code
Articles
-
�� Clean Code concepts adapted for JavaScript — Ryan McDermott -
�� JavaScript Clean Coding Best Practices — András Tóth -
�� Function parameters in JavaScript Clean Code — Kevin Peters -
�� Keeping your code clean — Samuel James -
�� Best Practices for Using Modern JavaScript Syntax — M. David Green -
�� best practices for cross node/web development - Jimmy Wärting -
�� Writing Clean Code - Dylan Paulus -
�� Writing Clean Code and The Practice of Programming - Nityesh Agarwal -
�� Clean code, dirty code, human code - Daniel Irvine -
�� Practical Ways to Write Better JavaScript - Ryland G
Videos
-
原文出处：https://github.com/stephentian/33-js-concepts 参考学习用，作为一篇指南 目录 调用堆栈 原始类型 值类型和引用类型 隐式, 显式, 名义和鸭子类型 == 与 ===, typeof 与 instanceof this, call, apply 和 bind 函数作用域, 块级作用域和词法作用域 闭包 map, reduce, filter 等
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十一.函数 1.函数的定义 声明式 function test1(){ console.log("lol") } function test2(){ console.log("apex") } test1()//调用函数阶段;选择了test1所以结果为lol 赋值式 va
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一、JavaScript基础篇 1、JavaScript 有几种数据类型 基本数据类型：undefined、null、boolean、number、string、symbol(es6的新数据类型) 引用数据类型：object、array、function 2、怎么进行数据类型检测 typeof可以检测 除了 null 以外的基础数据类型，typeof 对于对象来说，除了函数都会显示 objec O
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运动框架 链式运动框架 运动停止时，执行函数 运动停止时，开始下一次运动 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA
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回顾: css: 层叠样式表 作用: 渲染页面 提供工作效率,将html和样式分离 和html的整合 方式1:内联样式表 通过标签的style属性 <xxx style="..."/> 方式2:内部样式表 通过head的子标签Style子标签 <style type="text/css"> 选择器{ 属性:值; 属性1:
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今天在做一个小练习的时候，真的是踩了很多坑，还好最后还是爬出来了，现在分享出来，希望帮到遇到和我一样问题的你，也是避免自己再次踩坑里 报错内容： Warning: A component is changing a controlled input of type text to be uncontrolled. Input elements should not switch from con
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元素对象 了解 select 对象 了解 属性: options : 获取下拉选框中所有选项 (option数组) selectedIndex: 当前被选中的选项下标 函数: add(option) : 追加一个选项 remove(index): 删除指定索引的选项 事件: onchange : 当选项被改变时, 触发 ! optio
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1.search()查找 用来检索字符串是否用和传入的参数相匹配的值，如果有则返回索引，没有则返回-1 字符串.search(“查找的值”); 2.slice（开始，结束）截取 字符串.slice（开始，结束） 3.截取substring(开始，结束) 同2值包含开始不包含结束 快淘汰的一种算法，subtr（）包含开头和结尾 4.charAt（）查找 传下标，找值 5.split（“分隔符”） 分
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1、案例一：在末尾添加节点 第一步：获取到ul标签 第二步；创建li标签 document.createElement("标签名称")方法 第三步：创建文本 document.createTextNode("文本内容"); 第四步：把文本添加到li下面 使用appendChild方法 第五步：把li添加到ul末
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function q (min,max) { return max.floor(max.radom()*(max-min+1)+min) } var a = prompt('请输入一个数字'); for(var i = 0;;i++){ if ( a > q(1,10) ){ alert('数字大了'); }
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1、外部对象（由BOM和DOM提供的） 1、BOM 和 DOM BOM：Browser Object Model 浏览器对象模型 将浏览器比喻成一个对象 window（网页初始化时自动创建的） 可以通过window对象操控浏览器中的内容 DOM：Document Object Model 文档对象模型 将HTML文档比喻成一个对
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var str='asdjdfskjksjdkkf'; var json={} for(var i=0;i<str.length;i++){ if(!json[str.charAt(i)]){ json[str.charAt(i)]=1 }else
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Undefined类型 对于没有定义的变量和为初始化的变量都会返回这个值。 Null类型【一个对象的空指针】 typeof null 返回的是object Number 浮点型的一个特点 并且四舍五入的时候可能出现问题 var a = 0.1; -----可以 var a =.1; 也是可以 但是不推荐 有存储范围 Number.MAX_VALUE Number.MIN_VALUE
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一个表达式可以产生一个值，有可能是运算、函数调用、有可能是字面量。表达式可以放在任何需要值的地方。 语句 语句可以理解为一个行为，循环语句和判断语句就是典型的语句。一个程序有很多个语句组成，一般情况下;分割一个一个的语句 流程控制 程序的三种基本结构 顺序结构 从上到下执行的代码就是顺序结构 程序默认就是由上到下顺序执行的 分支结构 根据不同的情况，执行对应代码 循环结构 循环结构：重复做一件事情
相关资料
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1. 定义 慕课解释：一把锁对应一扇门，获得锁的可以进门，否则只能在门外等待。 2. 前言 本小节，我们将一起学习 SQL 中的锁。 在一些并发场景中，会涉及到一些数据竞争问题。如 A、B 二人同时要修改同一条记录，如果二人可以对其同时修改，那么很大的概率上，数据会起冲突，为了保证数据的安全性和正确性，SQL 引入了锁。 本小节测试数据如下，请先在数据库中执行： DROP TABLE IF EXI
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原文： http://exploringjs.com/impatient-js/ch_weaksets.html WeakSets 与 Sets 类似，但有以下区别： 它们可以保存对象，而不会阻止这些对象被垃圾收集。 它们是黑盒子：如果你同时拥有 WeakSet 和一个值，你只能从 WeakSet 中获取任何数据。支持的唯一方法是.add()，.delete()，.has()。有关为什么 Weak
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33号铺是使用codeigniter和淘宝API制作的淘宝客瀑布流系统 33号铺的设计理念是，做一个体验最好的导购系统。 相信PGC（Professional Generated Content），而不是蘑菇街那样的UGC。但不排除加入投票系统。 相信人工的推荐，而不是机器采集。机器采集的垃圾站我见过很多，大部分是根据taobao API批量拉取数据，这个功能很好做，但是我不希望做自动采集的站点，
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今天在运行我的应用程序时，我在logcat上看到这样一条消息：“跳过了33帧。应用程序可能在其主线程中做了太多的工作。”。第二部分与我无关，因为当显示此消息时，我的应用程序确实在运行。但同时它说“跳过了33帧”。。这是否意味着屏幕视图会像视频一样逐帧显示。！！！
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我使用的是Firefox版本33.1.1和SeleniumWebDriver 2.44。Selenium WebDriver是使用安装包Selenium通过Nuget安装的。网络驱动程序。以前，我在运行测试时没有遇到任何问题。我开始在所有测试中出现以下错误： 通过不同版本的Firefox和Selenium WebDriver查看此错误的其他来源，即未能在45000内启动socket，它们似乎都集中
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Nobody really knows what the Bourne shell's grammar is. Evenexamination of the source code is little help. Tom Duff 另一个办法是脚本可以测试是否在变量$-中出现了选项"i". 1 case $- in 2 *i*) # 交互式 shell 3 ;; 4